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ERICA POMA

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Dipartimento di Economia "Marco Biagi"
CULTORE DELLA MATERIA
Dipartimento di Economia "Marco Biagi"

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Pubblicazioni

2024 - Do women on boards break the glass ceiling or face the glass cliff? [Articolo su rivista]
Poma, Erica; Pistoresi, Barbara
abstract

2024 - Factors associated with work ability among employees of an Italian university hospital [Articolo su rivista]
Casolari, Loretta; Curzi, Ylenia; Mastroberardino, Michele; Pistoresi, Barbara; Poma, Erica; Broccoli, Lorenzo; Fabbri, Tommaso
abstract

Background: A growing body of evidence clearly documents the benefits of integrated systems approaches to protecting and promoting the safety, health and well-being of workers. The purpose of this study is to provide a holistic view of the work ability of employees of an Italian University Hospital measuring their resources in relation to job demands. In particular, it examines socio-demographics, family and organizational antecedents of health professionals' work ability. Methods: A survey was conducted to assess the work ability of healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses and administrative staff, working at the University Hospital of Modena (Italy). The data collection allows us to get a sample of 443 workers, who correspond to 11% of the target population. The data were analyzed using preliminary statistics on the main characteristics of the sample in terms of work ability, socio-demographic variables, family and organizational characteristics. In addition, logit models of the likelihood of having high work ability were estimated using SPSS version 25. Results: Work ability decreases with increasing age, comorbidity, high body mass index, having at least one child under 5 and/or a dependent adult, having a poor work-life balance, and doing more than 20 h of housework. Specific job resources can significantly promote work ability, including relationship-oriented leadership, autonomy in decision making and individuals' skill match. The nursing profession is associated with a low work ability. Finally, a significant gender gap has been documented. Women find it more difficult to reconcile life and work, especially when they have children of preschool age and work in professions with greater responsibilities, as in the case of women doctors, who experience lower work capacity. Conclusions: Our results suggest that it is necessary to consider other factors, in addition to age, that are equally relevant in influencing work ability. Consequently, organisational interventions could be implemented to improve the work ability of all workers. In addition, we propose targeted interventions for groups at risk of reduced work capacity, in particular older workers (45 years and over), nurses, women with children of preschool age and in the position of physician.

2023 - Government Support Measures, Trust in Institutions and Effects on Satisfaction with Democracy During the COVID-19 Outbreak [Articolo su rivista]
Poma, Erica; Pistoresi, Barbara
abstract

This paper uses the European Living, Working and COVID-19 survey (Eurofound 2021) to examine the mechanism linking citizens' worsening financial hardship to lower satisfaction with democracy through the mediating role of government support and trust in institutions. We find that as households and firms have struggled to meet loan repayments to creditors, governments have intervened with social support measures that citizens have not judged to be adequate in terms of fairness, integrity, responsiveness and reliability. This has led to a decline in citizens' trust in institutions, exacerbating the impact of increased economic hardship on their satisfaction with democracy.

2023 - Mental well-being and government support in Europe. The mediating role of trust in people and institutions [Articolo su rivista]
Poma, Erica; Pistoresi, Barbara; Giovinazzo, Chiara
abstract

Purpose : This paper investigates the determinants of subjective well-being in Europe using the European Living, Working and COVID-19 (ELWC) Survey carried out by Eurofound (2021). Socio-demographics characteristics, employment status, measures of economic distress, inequality and work life balance are considered. Particular attention is paid to how quality of government support (QGS), that considers the dimensions of good governance such as integrity, fairness, reliability, responsiveness and influences subjective mental well-being (WHO-5) through the mediation of trust in other people and in institutions. Design/methodology/approach :To this end, the authors estimate a moderated mediation model for analysing the indirect role of QGS on WHO-5 through institutional trust and trust in people. Findings: The results support the hypothesis that the reduction in WHO-5 in the European population during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19), particularly marked in the 18–34 age group, is related to the perceived inadequacy of government interventions in managing economic and social uncertainty through supportive measures. This outcome is also due to reduced trust in institutions and other people, as both are significant mediators that reinforce the impact of public support on WHO-5. Practical implications : Government should pay greater attention to this relationship among good governance, trust and mental health of citizens because a healthy human capital is a significant factor for the long-run economic growth, in a special way when the authors refer to the young workforce with a greater life expectancy. Originality/value : In the literature, the role of trust as a mediator has been analysed in the relationship between individual economic situations and subjective well-being before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no studies have examined the role of perceived QGS on subjective mental well-being using the mediating and backing effects of trust in people and institutions

2023 - PROGETTARE INTERVENTI DI TOTAL WORKER HEALTH®: LA MISURAZIONE DELLA CAPACITÀ LAVORATIVA DEGLI OPERATORI DELL’AOU DI MODENA [Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Casolari, Loretta; Rossi, Giorgia; D’Elia, Cristiana; Garavini, Denise; Glieca, Francesca; Mariani, Stefania; Venturelli, Luca; Vivoli, Daniela; Mastroberardino, Michele; Broccoli, Lorenzo; Nicastro, Ottavio; Pistoresi, Barbara; Poma, Erica; Curzi, Ylenia; Fabbri, Tommaso; Modenese, Alberto; Gobba, Fabriziomaria
abstract

2022 - Gender quota on corporate boards in Italy: spillover effects and financial performance [Working paper]
Pistoresi, B.; Poma, E.; Rinaldi, A.
abstract

This paper analyzes the impact of the introduction of mandatory gender quotas for the boards of directors of listed firms and state-participated companies (LP) in Italy. It investigates its effects on firms directly targeted by the new regulation as well as its indirect effects on firms that are not. To this aim, we use difference-in-difference and panel fixed-effects estimations. Our main results are that quotas directly increased female presence on boards of LP companies and produced some “positive spillover effects”, i.e., a higher proportion of women in top executive positions in LP firms and a higher share of women on boards of non-listed firms and non-participated firms (NLNP), even if the latter were not targeted by the law. We also find evidence for a positive impact of higher board gender diversity on firm performance in specific conditions, such as boards of small size and NLNP companies.

2022 - Gender quotas between glass ceiling crack and firm performance: evidence from Italy's financial sector [Working paper]
Pistoresi, Barbara; Poma, Erica; Rinaldi, Alberto
abstract

Using a panel data of Italian corporate companies, this paper evaluates the impact of mandatory gender quotas in corporate boards in the financial sector. We find that gender quotas reduce glass ceiling barriers in this traditionally male industry, increasing women’s presence on boards of both companies targeted by the law and in those that are not, with positive spillover effects on this subsample. We also find that the higher women’s presence on boards has different impacts on firms’ financial performance: it has a negative effect on the financial sector as a whole and a positive one on firms with small boards. Our results support the introduction of gender quotas, given its positive spillover effects on glass ceiling barriers and on the overall increased women’s presence on boards.

2022 - Good governance and subjective well-being in Europe: the mediating role of trust in other people and institutions [Working paper]
Giovinazzo, C.; Pistoresi, B.; Poma, E.
abstract

This paper investigates the determinants of subjective well-being in Europe during the Covid-19 pandemic using the European Living, Working and COVID-19 Survey carried out by Eurofound (2021). Particular attention is paid to how the quality of governance influences individual wellbeing through the mediation of trust in other people (interpersonal trust) and in the public institutions (institutional trust). To this end, we outline an index of quality of governance that considers the dimensions that characterize good governance and promote institutional and interpersonal trust. In particular, this index assesses both the competencies of the state, such as responsiveness and reliability, as well as the values of fairness and integrity. The findings show that the quality of governance has a positive impact on individual well-being, and that institutional and interpersonal trust play a primary role in enhancing the positive influence of public interventions. Finally, we examine the evidence in support of the claim that young people (18-34 year age group) tend to react differently to public interventions dealing with socio-economic distress by means of different channels of trust with respect to individuals over 34 years of age.

2022 - Satisfaction with democracy in Europe: assessing the role of public support measures and institutional trust [Working paper]
Poma, E.; Pistoresi, B.
abstract

This article analyses the role played by the perceived public support measures introduced during Covid-19 and institutional trust in the mechanism linking the impact of economic hardship suffered by European citizens and their satisfaction with democracy. To this aim, we use the European Living, Working and Covid-19 survey conducted by Eurofound (Eurofound 2020). Firstly, Ancova tests over different waves are conducted to delve into the citizens' perceptions of proximity to institutions from the beginning of spring 2020 to the spring of 2021. Secondly, we estimate a mediation model on the wave that has registered the lowest rate of democracy satisfaction and public trust. The results show that, since the beginning of the pandemic, there has been an overall detachment of citizens from institutions, resulting from an overall decline in institutional trust and democracy satisfaction over time. They also suggest that European citizens' financial and economic difficulties affect their satisfaction with democracy in heterogeneous ways, depending on the degree to which they perceive the quality of public support and the level of trust in institutions: a deterioration in the levels of trust in institutions and in the evaluation of the public support, lead to a stronger negative effect of economic-distress on the citizens’ satisfaction with democracy. This study contributes to advancing our understanding of what contributes to citizens' trust and satisfaction with democracy. It suggests that the deterioration of satisfaction with democracy and trust in institutions may limit the citizens’ propensity to cooperate with public authorities and, as consequence, the ability of governments to deal effectively with health and socio-economic crises.

2022 - The Home-Based Teleworking: The implication on workers' well-being and the gender impact [Articolo su rivista]
Curzi, Ylenia; Pistoresi, Barbara; Poma, Erica; Tasselli, Chiara
abstract

Home-based telework is becoming more and more common and with it the dematerialization of the work-life boundary. If from one side this working form increases the worker’s discretion, on the other hand it could seriously damage his/her well-being. This paper explores the influence of organizational conditions on work-related stress of a sample of home-based teleworkers drawn from the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey. It also uses the 2020 Living, Working and COVID-19 Survey to analyse the evolution of the gender differences in telework from 2015 to 2020. We find that the perceived stress of the home-based teleworkers is mainly due to the forms of working time arrangements and work intensification, for example the lack of discretion over work pace, working with tight deadlines and at high speed, working during free time to meet work demands. Female teleworkers also perceive that the lack of discretion in the working time arrangement and the lack of recovery time increase their stress. The analysis also documents a sharp increase in the perceived level of stress from 2015 to 2020 and higher levels of stress in women mainly due to work-life balance problems. This gender stress differential is reasonably constant in the two periods and hence both in the emergency and in normal telework. The general agreement in the literature that telework is as a way of promoting better wellbeing and work-life balance for workers especially for women is not supported by our findings.