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Marc Seth SILVER

Professore Ordinario
Dipartimento di Studi Linguistici e Culturali

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Pubblicazioni

2021 - Dublino Digitale: Tradurre la Cybercity [Traduzione in Rivista]
Cronin, Michael; Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

2021 - INTRODUCTION [Breve Introduzione]
Reggiani, Licia; Quaquarelli, Lucia; Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

2021 - Il monumento. La memoria contesa: Space of Synagogues, L’viv Sherry Simon [Traduzione in Rivista]
Simon, Sherry; Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

2021 - SPACE IN TRANSLATION [Curatela]
Reggiani, Licia; Quaquarelli, Lucia; Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

2020 - Dossier "Plurilinguismo, eterolinguismo, exofonia: alla prova della traduzione" [Curatela]
Quaquarelli, Lucia; Reggiani, Licia; Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

2020 - Muoversi nelle lingue [Articolo su rivista]
Quaquarelli, Lucia; Reggiani, Licia; Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

Every language is already and always hybrid and multilingual. Every language is already and always in movement. In this sense and from this perspective, translation is an operation co-extensive with every language - an internal movement, a primary process - and, at the same time, a cultural, social and political act that contributes, from the outside, to designing and establishing the frontier between languages. Translation is that extraordinary device which, on the one hand, participates in the consecration of the monolingual empire and, on the other, makes visible the existence of a "zone of contact" which, beyond any monolingual narrative, opens up the plural dimension of the movement of languages, making itself the location of the construction of the common “as a project". While dealing with different histories, languages and contexts, the essays presented in this special section deviate from the cultural and political construction that assigns to translation the derivative function of "bridge", and challenge its role of passage and linguistic transference in favor of a plural, transcultural, necessarily impure and fragmentary vision of languages and the movement in and between them.

2014 - Traduire le postcolonial et la transculturalité. Enjeux théoriques, linguistiques, littéraires, culturels, politiques, sociologiques [Curatela]
Quaquarelli, Lucia; Schubert, Katia; Silver, Marc; Buonanno, Giovanna
abstract

Il volume raccoglie saggi teorici e casi di studio sul complesso rapporto tra teoria postcoloniale e traduzione. Si caratterizza per lo'apertura internazionale e per l'attenzione ai meccanismi della pratica della traduzione in contesti tranculturali.

2013 - Introduction [Standardized Language Testing in Teaching and Research] [Articolo su rivista]
Cacchiani, Silvia; Morgan, Sian; Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

In 2001 the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) was first published, raising awareness of the crucial role standardization plays in making assessment transparent, meaningful and fair; this is especially important with the growing phenomenon of internationalisation in higher education. In Italy, as in other European countries, the independence of the teacher and institution in assessment has traditionally been regarded as sacrosanct; consequently, what Alderson (2011) appropriately labels the transition from “innocence to professionalism”, may have to be an evolutionary rather than revolutionary process. Nevertheless, the transition is undoubtedly beginning to take place. Standard setting (Alderson, Banerjee 2001:218) is variously seen as the process of ensuring shared ‘codes of practice’ at different stages in the assessment procedure, as the identification of ‘norms’ for specific levels of difficulty in standardized tests, which are typically norm-referenced tests, or as the identification, delimitation and description of specific ‘levels of proficiency’. The ideal of standardization in testing is, however, widely acknowledged to be fraught with constraints, and the gap between sound testing principles and good enough testing practice can at times seem almost unbridgeable. The critical path of defining a test construct and developing and validating a test which yields reliable results and accurately predicts future achievement is time-consuming, labour-intensive, and costly. Constructs need to be linked to the reference framework to be valid. Tests need to be field-tested, results analysed and cutpoints set in a principled way. Ongoing familiarisation is essential if standards are to be meaningful and reliable. All this means that some tension is almost inevitable when balancing validity and reliability with practical and financial imperatives. Stakeholders may have differing priorities, and the great challenge is to produce a rigorous and cost-effective test that meets expectations of test developers, test-takers, funding institutions, and certification boards, among others. In particular, the constraints of the Italian university context – the tradition of the one-to-one oral exam, the unquestioned authority of the teacher, the right of the student to re-sit exams ad infinitum, all create a testing environment at odds with the ideal of standardized and cost-effective assessment. All of the chapters in this collection have addressed one or more of these considerations. This paper is intended as an introduction to the volume. It gives a picture of the multitudinous concerns facing professionals involved in this most complex of enterprises, also referring to recent trends and projects taking place in Italian institutions.

2013 - Standardized Language Testing: Contemporary Issues and Applications [Curatela]
Cacchiani, Silvia; S., Morgan; Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

The present issue of R.I.L.A- Rassegna Italiana di Linguistica Applicata was prompted by the Standardized Language Testing in Teaching and Research Conference, held in Modena between 2 and 4 December 2010. The contributions in the volume are based on papers presented at the conference and provide insights into issues variously related to the broad theme of standardization, referring to recent trends and projects taking place in Italian institutions. TABLE OF CONTENTS: EDITORIALE, Gianfranco Porcelli; S. CACCHIANI, S. MORGAN. M. SILVER, Introduction; A. DAVIES, The equivalence of ratings; S. RADIGHIERI, Theoretical notions and controversial issues at the heart of language testing; A. BANDINI, S. LUCARELLI, L. SPRUGNOLI, B. STRAMBI, Procedure di verifica della valutazione nei test di certificazione; C. BAGNA, S. MACHETTI, A. SCAGLIOSO, Il collegamento del test di produzione orale CILS A1 con il CEFR: risultati e prospettive future; S. HARTLE, Measuring and assessing spoken language in university oral tests; E. CASTELLO, G. DAVIES, An approach to the assessment of spoken interaction at level B2 in a university context with the aid of a learner corpus; M. ROCKENHAUS, Placement testing face validity; L. LOPRIORE, Early language learning: Investigating young learners’ achievement in a longitudinal perspective.

2012 - Voice and Stance across Disciplines in Academic Discourse [Capitolo/Saggio]
Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

This chapter addresses the question of disciplinary variation by focusing on a few of the ways voice operates in academic discourse. In it I take the position that while all academic discourse actively endeavors to convey knowledge persuasively, such conveyance often differs considerably across disciplines. Attempting to ascertain what these differences may be and how they work to create what disciplinary communities ‘know’ is anything but a merely formal question of stylistics. It tells us something about how knowledge is created and disseminated in and around academia and how beliefs are justified within these socially and culturally defined contexts.

2010 - Standardized Language Testing in Teaching and Research. University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, December 2-4, 2010 [Altro]
Bondi, Marina; Cacchiani, Silvia; S., Morgan; G., Porcelli; Radighieri, Sara; Robustelli, Cecilia; Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

The conference provided scholars, teachers and students specializing in language assessment an open forum for discussing current research issues from the field of language testing. The main focus of the conference was on teaching methodologies, new technologies, standardization of language levels, evaluation and assessment, the test-taker. The conference prompted lively debate around the following topic areas: evaluation vs assessment in Language Testing; models of communicative language ability and L2 assessment; levels, domains, frameworks and Language Testing; technology in language assessment: developing online test tasks for LSPs; task and performance based language assessment; assessing/testing the language of primary school teachers; research and Language Testing/assessment; language policy/ies and the setting of language standards; socio-cognitive and socio-pragmatic factors in Language Testing; item writing and test production Codes of practice and language testing as a profession

2009 - Per una fenomenologia del tradurre [Curatela]
Nasi, Franco; Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

Che rapporto c'è tra l'interpretazione linguistica e la mediazione culturale? e tra etica e traduzione? Perchè gli studi sulla traduzione possa essere un modello di interdisciplinarietà? Quanti altri testi si nascondono nel testo che stiamo leggendo e traducendo? Che cos'è l'identità di un testo? Perchè il ritmo oggi un termine chiave della traduttologia? Com'è cambiato la professione del traduttore con le nuove tecnologie informatico?

2009 - Tradurre senza testo originale: Verso una teoria psicoanalitica della traduzione [Capitolo/Saggio]
Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

Il testo intende offrire unadescrizione introduttiva del modo in cui la psicoanalisi, o almeno una certa lettura della psicoanalisi, affronta la questione della traduzione e, così facendo, intende porre alcune domande teoriche per i translation studies.

2008 - Le stragi rimosse. Storia, memoria pubblica, scritture [Curatela]
Bertucelli, Lorenzo; Procacci, Giovanna; Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

I saggi compresi nel volume pongono il problema di come storici e studiosi del linguuaggio affrontino il tema dei massacri, della loro interpretazione storico-politica e della loro eventuale rimozione, della loro mediazione culturale e letteraria. Nella prima parte sono presi in esame alcuni tra gli eccidi che, senza raggiungere l'estremo della Shoah, hanno segnato tragicamente la storia del XX secolo: eventi tra loro molto diversi, accomunati però dal rapporto ambiguo con la memoria pubbllica. Nella seconda parte è invece affrontato il problema della rappresentazione e della trasmissione dei massacri attraverso il testo scritto o il mezzo mediatico, ovvero del rapporto tra memoria sociale e memoria individuale nella rappresentazione letteraria, narrativa e per immagini

2007 - Rethinking Ideology: A Critical Analysis of How Historians Read and Respond to Ideology [Capitolo/Saggio]
Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

The chapter seeks to explore how historians and linguists look at the problem of 'ideology', and to offer a critical analysis into how the insights of the one discipline can be useful to that of the other.

2006 - Il futuro nel passato nel testo storico inglese: voce narrante e tempo della narrazione [Capitolo/Saggio]
Bondi, Marina; Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

L'articolo tratta la nozione di futurità dal punto di vista della pragmatica testuale e si incentra sull'analisi del discorso della storia. Prendendo le mosse dalla natura inerentemente modale della nozione di futurità, lo studio percorre la varietà e la complessità degli strumenti che consentono allo storico di proiettare sezioni del suo testo in un tempo futuro rispetto a quello della sequenza narrativa. L'area degli avverbiali di tempo che consentono di creare uno spostamento verso un "futuro nel passato" diviene oggetto di indagine particolare, con l'intento di mettere in luce aspetti e tendenze che caratterizzano il riferimento ad un futuro nel passato, nonché l'impatto di questa forma di riferimento sulla visibilità dello scrittore e sull'autorevolezza della sua voce testuale.

2006 - Introducing abstract reasoning: reader position and writer argument across disciplines [Capitolo/Saggio]
Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

the article explores differences across academic disciplines from a text pragmatics point of view by looking at ways these disciplines may differ in the manner they constitute or represent their object of knowledge, and by asking how these differences in turn affect persuasive strategies instantiated in the texts. The analysis has as its basic object contemporary research articles from four academic disciplines, two from the so-called 'hard' or exact sciences - unified physics and molecular biology - and two from the 'soft' or social sciences - economics and business management.

2006 - Language across Disciplines: Towards a Critical Reading of Contemporary Academic Discourse [Monografia/Trattato scientifico]
Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

The work explores how writers from academic disciplines present themselves and their knowledge claims to their readership through an analysis of the research article, the genre which perhaps most accurately portrays 'state-of-the-art' academic production in the world today. Furthermore, it seeks to gauge how scholars construct disciplinary identity through parameters such as the ways they have of displaying their ideas or assumptions, the forms of argumentation they employ to persuade their readers, and how they represent themselves and others in their texts.

2005 - Cross-Cultural Encounters: identity, gender, representation [Curatela]
Silver, Marc Seth; Buonanno, Giovanna
abstract

La varietà dei temi e approcci che caratterizza i saggi presenti nel volume evidenzia da un lato l'interrelazione tra i diversi campi del sapere e dall'altro sottolinea come gli studi culturali dialoghino costantamente con la linguistica e la letteratura, costituendo un fertile luogo di incontro e di scambio.

2005 - Introduction [Cross-Cultural Encounters: Identity, Gender, Representation] [Breve Introduzione]
Silver, Marc Seth; Buonanno, Giovanna
abstract

N/A

2004 - Academic discourse, genre and small corpora [Curatela]
Bondi, Marina; Gavioli, Laura; Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

Academic discourse studies have recently shown increasing interest for features of writer/reader interaction, metadiscourse and evaluation. The volume explores the potential contribution of corpus linguistics to the study of academic spoken and written genres, with a view to both their lexico-grammar and their typical textual structures.

2004 - Introduction [Academic discourse, genre and small corpora] [Breve Introduzione]
Bondi, Marina; Gavioli, Laura; Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

The volume collects papers which focus on a number of features of academic discourse using tools offered by Corpus Linguistics. Academic discourse can be studied to see the ways in which the experts of a discipline construct their own activity in terms of a "conversation" within and around the scientific community. The tools of corpus analysis, especially with reference to small, specialized corpora, have greatly contributed to the study of language variation across genres and across disciplines both from a descriptive as well as from a didactic point of view.

2004 - Textual Voices: A Cross Disciplinary Study of Attribution in Academic Discourse [Capitolo/Saggio]
Bondi, Marina; Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

The article focuses on disciplinary differences in the use of textual voices by comparing article openings in two 'soft disciplines': history and economics. The study starts from a description of the corpus compiled and of the analysis carried out on typs and functions of attribution. the discussion then concentrates on the status o fthe article openings in terms of the main function of the research article, i.e. that of establishing knowledge claims in the different disciplines.

2004 - The Argumentational Consequences of Disciplinary Constraint: The case of 'naturally' in American academic discourse [Capitolo/Saggio]
Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

Gli studi sul discourso accademico costituiscono un interesse fondamentale nella ricerca linguistica e nella didattica delle lingue straniere. Di particolare importanza sembra essere il ruolo svolto dal tipo di interazione tra autore e pubblico nei diversi tipi e generi della comunicazione accademica. Un recente apporto allo studio delle forme linguistiche attraverso cui si svolge questo dialogo è costituito dalla corpus linguistics, una metodologia che si avvale di strumenti computerizzati per lo studio di raccolte di testi in formato elettronico. Partendo da corpora di testi elettronici, gli autori mettono in luce gli aspetti lessico-strutturali, testuali e discorsivi che caratterizzano i diversi registri e generi esaminati, nell'ottica sia di contribuire ad allargare il quadro della ricerca, sia di offirire suggerimenti per la didattica del discorso accademico.

2004 - Weaving voices: a study of article openings in historical discourse [Capitolo/Saggio]
Silver, Marc Seth; Bondi, M.
abstract

The study starts from a description o fthe corpus of historical articles analyzed and of the type of analysis carried out on their openings. Attention is paid to the ways in which emphasis is placed on phenomenic rather than epistemic textual elements. The main focus will then shift to the ways in which the openings in the corpus often weave different types of voices, thus using voice identification (or mixing) in order to establish the writer's position.

2004 - “Weaving voices: a study of article openings in historical discourse” [Capitolo/Saggio]
Silver, Marc Seth; Bondi, Marina
abstract

The study looks at forms of reported discourse in the openings of historical research articles and shows that there is a strong tendency to make intensive use of both direct and indirect discourse in forms where a plurality of voices are woven into a complex dialogic pattern. The opening may indeed identify a research space within a disciplinary debate, but the creation of a research space is often realized by dramatizing a position (or a variety of positions) and gradually building a complex of voices that indirectly help establish the writer’s voice. Patterns of identification are shown to contribute to the creation of the writer’s dominant position. This position is more often built on the representation of the phenomenic object of investigation than on contextualizing his/her own argument in an epistemic debate. This is related to the narrative dimension of history and to the “quotation fever” of historians in connection with the changing role of quotation in historiography. What seems to characterize the corpus of historical openings is largely the fact that – rather than placing the article in the context of a debate within the discourse community – they seem to make intensive use of reported discourse in forms of dramatization of the voices of sources. This may be explained by the role played by verbal sources and narrative structures in historical discourse (and particularly in some approaches to historical discourse).

2003 - L'Etica della psicoanalisi: il percorso della perversione da Freud a Lacan [Monografia/Trattato scientifico]
Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

Il testo si propone di interrogare la coerenza della costruzione etica del campo psicoanalitico così come la possiamo rintracciare negli scritti di Freud e di Lacan. A tal fine, si è tentato di identificare lacune delle difficoltà che sorgono quando la definizione etica del campo viene giustapposta alla categoria psicoanalitica della perversione.

2003 - The stance of stance: A critical look at ways stance is expressed and modeled in academic discourse [Articolo su rivista]
Silver, M.
abstract

As work on how evaluation is expressed in academic discourse proliferates, it is easy to fall into the methodological trap of assuming that all descriptions lead in the same direction, that one need simply combine and implement existing categories and models. This paper raises a number of methodological questions about the universality of commonly applied linguistic categories by offering a critical reading of the adverbial evidently as it appears in a corpus of contemporary research articles. The adverbial is analysed from three general vantage points: its position or function as hedge or booster; the way it intervenes and/or gets caught up in the overall 'meta-textual' strategy; the way it intervenes and/or gets caught up in the overall 'meta-pragmatic' strategy. A number of conclusions are drawn about the relevance of such findings in/for academic discourse. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

2001 - Efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in combination with enoxaparin, abciximab, or unfractionated heparin: The ASSENT-3 randomised trial in acute myocardial infarction [Articolo su rivista]
Van de Werf, F.; Armstrong, P. W.; Granger, C.; Wallentin, L.; Adgey, A. A. J.; Aylward, P.; Binbrek, A. S.; Califf, R.; Cassim, S.; Diaz, R.; Fanebust, R.; Fioretti, P. M.; Huber, K.; Husted, S.; Lindahl, B.; Lopez-Sendon, J. L.; Makijarvi, M.; Meyer, J.; Navarro Robles, J.; Pfisterer, M.; Seabra-Gomes, R.; Soares-Piegas, L.; Sugrue, D.; Tendera, M.; Theroux, P.; Toutouzas, P.; Vahanian, A.; Verheugt, F.; Sarelin, H.; Goetz, G.; Bluhmki, E.; Daclin, V.; Danays, T.; Houbracken, K.; Kaye, J.; Reilly, P.; Hacke, W.; von Kummer, R.; Lesaffre, E.; Bogaerts, K.; Peeters, C.; Fox, K. A. A.; Brower, R.; Hirsh, J.; Maggioni, A.; Tijssen, J.; Weaver, D.; Beernaert, A.; Beysen, N.; Broos, K.; De Prins, E.; D'Hollander, K.; Dupon, L.; Fomyna, N.; Fransen, A.; Genesse, D.; Goffin, L.; Hendrickx, R.; Jansen, B.; Jorissen, F.; Luys, C.; Luyten, A.; Marschal, C.; Moreira, M.; Munsters, K.; Salerno, R.; Schoovaerts, C.; Sinnaeve, P.; Schildermans, C.; Vandenberghe, K.; Vandeschoot, K.; Van Gucht, H.; Van Rompaey, P.; Vlassak, S.; Watzeels, M.; Wittockx, H.; Galan, K.; Humeniuk, L.; Seidel, A.; Molina, M.; Hafley, G.; Alexander, J.; Pascual, A.; Bestilny, S.; Temple, T.; Ahuad Guerrero, R.; Albisu, J. P.; Bassani Arrieta, C. A.; Bono, J.; Caccavo, A.; Cagnolatti, A.; Cartasegna, L. R.; Castellanos, R.; Chekerdemian, S.; Covelli, G.; Cuello, J. L.; Cuneo, C. A.; Fernandez, A.; Ferrara, C.; Ferro-Queirel, E.; Gambarte, A.; Garcia-Duran, R.; Hasbani, E.; Hrabar, A.; Keller, L.; Lobo Marquez, L. L.; Luciardi, H.; Macin, S. M.; Marinig, A.; Marzetti, E.; Muntaner, J.; Nordaby, R.; Orlandini, A. D.; Piombo, A. C.; Pomposiello, J. C.; Quijano, R. A.; Amerena, J.; Aroney, G.; Buckmaster, N.; Carroll, P.; Fitzpatrick, M.; Newman, R.; Rowe, M.; Singh, B.; Thomson, A.; Winter, C.; Eber, B.; Gaul, G. B.; Klein, W.; Leisch, F.; Mayr, H.; Mlczoch, J.; Niessner, H.; Pachinger, O.; Pall, H.; Pichler, M.; Roggla, G.; Schaflinger, E.; Schreiber, W.; Slany, J.; Traindl, O.; Zenker, G.; Beckers, J.; Bekaert, I.; Berthe, C.; Bodur, G.; Carlier, B.; Carlier, M.; Carpentier, J.; Celen, H.; Charlier, F.; Clement, A.; Coenen, A.; Crochelet, L.; De Keyser, F.; De Man, F.; de Meester, A.; Dendale, P.; Dhondt, E.; Dhooghe, G.; El Allaf, D.; Elshot, S.; Emmerechts, C.; Foret, F.; Gatera, E.; Geraedts, J.; Gerardy, A. C.; Gysbrechts, M.; Hallemans, R.; Hellemans, S.; Herssens, H.; Huygens, L.; Janssens, L.; Lalmand, J.; Maamar, R.; Marechal, P.; Mertens, D.; Michel, P.; Morandini, E.; Nannan, M.; Nguyen, D.; Odeurs, W.; Peerenboom, P.; Pirenne, B.; Quinonez, M.; Raymenants, E.; Renard, M.; Silance, P. G.; Standaert, A. M.; Striekwold, H.; Thiels, H.; Valadi, D.; van Brabandt, H.; Van Dormael, M.; Van Iseghem, P.; Van Walleghem, U.; Vanden Bosch, H.; Vandenbossche, J. L.; Vermylen, J.; Verstraete, S.; Vo Ngoc, P.; Willems, P.; Zenner, R.; Campos de Albuquerque, D.; Coutinho, M.; de Camargo Carvalho, A. C.; Fernandes Manenti, E. R.; Ferreira Azevedo, A.; Golin, V.; Gun, C.; Marin Neto, J. A.; Marino, R. L.; Miranda Abrantes, J. A.; Nicolau, J. C.; Porto Alegre Dancini, E. M.; Rabelo, A.; Ramos, R. F.; Rizzi Coelho, O.; Alexander, D.; Bata, I. R.; Bhargava, R. K.; Bogaty, P.; D'Amours, G.; Darcel, I.; Finnie, K. J. C.; Fowlis, R.; Gupta, M. K.; Henderson, M.; Howlett, M. K.; Javier, J. J.; Kieu, C. V.; Kumar, G.; Lebouthillier, P.; Leduc, F.; Lepage, S.; Mcavinue, T.; Mcgillen, J. E.; Mcmeekin, J. D.; Morse, J. W.; Pistawka, K.; Raimondo, E. F.; Sandrin, F.; Smith, H.; Smylie, P. C.; Tran, K.; Turabian, M.; Wagner, K. R.; Winkler, L. H.; Woo, K. S.; Falstie-Jensen, N.; Lind Rasmussen, S.; Lomholt, P.; Markenvard, J.; Nielsen, H.; Petersen, J.; Romer, F.; Ahonen, J.; Huttunen, M.; Kokkonen, L.; Luukkonen, J.; Mantyla, P.; Melin, J.; Mustonen, J.; Valli, J.; Voutilainen, S.; Agraou, B.; Allam, S.; Baradat, G.; Battistella, P.; Bazin, P.; Bouvier, J. -M.; Destrac, S.; Fouche, R.; Fournier, P. -Y.; Funck, F.; Garnier, H.; Grall, J. -Y.; Gully, C.; Lallement, P. -Y.; Loiselet, P.;
abstract

Background: Current fibrinolytic therapies fail to achieve optimum reperfusion in many patients. Low-molecular-weight heparins and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors have shown the potential to improve pharmacological reperfusion therapy. We did a randomised, open-label trial to compare the efficacy and safety of tenecteplase plus enoxaparin or abciximab, with that of tenecteplase plus weight-adjusted unfractionated heparin in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods: 6095 patients with acute myocardial infarction of less than 6 h were randomly assigned one of three regimens: full-dose tenecteplase and enoxaparin for a maximum of 7 days (enoxaparin group; n=2040), half-dose tenecteplase with weight-adjusted low-dose unfractionated heparin and a 12-h infusion of abciximab (abciximab group; n=2017), or full-dose tenecteplase with weight-adjusted unfractionated heparin for 48 h (unfractionated heparin group; n=2038). The primary endpoints were the composites of 30-day mortality, in-hospital reinfarction, or in-hospital refractory ischaemia (efficacy endpoint), and the above endpoint plus in-hospital intracranial haemorrhage or in-hospital major bleeding complications (efficacy plus safety endpoint). Analysis was by intention to treat. Findings: There were significantly fewer efficacy endpoints in the enoxaparin and abciximab groups than in the unfractionated heparin group: 233/2037 (11.4%) versus 315/2038 (15.4%; relative risk 0.74 [95% CI 0.63-0.87], p=0.0002) for enoxaparin, and 223/2017 (11.1%) versus 315/2038 (15.4%; 0.72 [0.61-0.84], p<0.0001) for abciximab. The same was true for the efficacy plus safety endpoint: 280/2037 (13.7%) versus 347/2036 (17.0%; 0.81 [0.70-0.93], p=0.0037) for enoxaparin, and 287/2016 (14.2%) versus 347/2036 (17.0%; 0.84 [0.72-0.96], p=0.01416) for abciximab. Interpretation: The tenecteplase plus enoxaparin or abciximab regimens studied here reduce the frequency of ischaemic complications of an acute myocardial infarction. In light of its ease of administration, tenecteplase plus enoxaparin seems to be an attractive alternative reperfusion regimen that warrants further study.

1996 - Arguing the Case. Language and Play in Argumentation [Monografia/Trattato scientifico]
Silver, Marc Seth
abstract

The work discusses ways in which various disciplines deploy rhetorical devices to "argue their case", as well as to consolidate their identities and maintain them intact. Employing analytical methods deriving from linguistics, logic, psychoanalysis and cultural and literary criticism, it reveals the common premises and illusions behind the claims being made about the "human sciences" today.