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CARLOTTA MALAGOLI
COLLABORATORE COORDINATO CONTINUATIVO
Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze sede ex-Neuroscienze
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Pubblicazioni
2024
- Residential exposure to magnetic fields from transformer stations and risk of childhood leukemia
[Articolo su rivista]
Malavolti, M.; Malagoli, C.; Wise, L. A.; Poli, M.; Notari, B.; Taddei, I.; Fabbi, S.; Teggi, S.; Balboni, E.; Pancaldi, A.; Palazzi, G.; Vinceti, M.; Filippini, T.
abstract
Background: Several studies have documented an increased risk of leukemia among children exposed to magnetic fields from high-voltage power lines, with some evidence of dose-response relation. However, findings in some studies have been inconsistent, and data on the effects of different sources of exposure are lacking. In this study, we evaluated the relation of childhood leukemia risk to exposure to magnetic fields from transformer stations. Methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study in a pediatric population of two Northern Italian provinces of Modena and Reggio Emilia. We included 182 registry-identified childhood leukemia cases diagnosed during 1998-2019 and 726 population controls matched on sex, year of birth, and province of residence. We assessed exposure by calculating distance from childhood residence to the nearest transformer station within a geographical information system, computing disease odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. We evaluated exposure using two buffers (15 m and 25 m radius) and assessed two case groups: leukemia (all subtypes) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Results: Residing within 15 m of a transformer station (vs. ≥15 m) was not appreciably associated with risk of leukemia (all subtypes) or ALL. We found similar results using a less stringent exposure buffer (25 m). Among children aged ≥5 years, the adjusted ORs were 1.3 (95% CI 0.1-12.8) for leukemia and 1.3 (95% CI 0.1-12.4) for ALL using the 15 m buffer, while they were 1.7 (95% CI 0.4-7.0) for leukemia and 0.6 (95% CI 0.1-4.8) for ALL using the 25 m buffer. Conclusions: While we found no overall association between residential proximity to transformer stations and childhood leukemia, there was some evidence for elevated risk of childhood leukemia among children aged ≥5 years. Precision was limited by the low numbers of exposed children.
2023
- Human serum albumin-bound selenium (Se-HSA) in serum and its correlation with other selenium species
[Articolo su rivista]
Filippini, Tommaso; Urbano, Teresa; Grill, Peter; Malagoli, Carlotta; Ferrari, Angela; Marchesi, Cristina; Natalini, Nicoletta; Michalke, Bernhard; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Introduction: Selenium (Se) is a trace element with different toxicological and nutritional properties according to its chemical forms. Among the wide range of selenium species, human serum albumin-bound selenium (Se-HSA) has still uncertain composition in terms of organic or inorganic selenium species. This study aimed at investigating the relation between Se-HSA levels with total selenium and the specific organic and inorganic selenium species. Methods: We determined levels of total selenium and selenium species in serum of participants enrolled in two populations of the Emilia-Romagna region, in Northern Italy. Anion exchange chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometry was used as quantification method. Correlations between Se-HSA and the other selenium compounds were analyzed using linear regression and restricted cubic spline regression models, adjusted for potential confounders. Results: The first cohort comprised 50 participants (men/women: 26/24) with median (interquartile range, IQR) age 50 (55-62) years, while the second was composed of 104 participants (M/W: 50/54), median (IQR) age 48 (44-53) years. Median (IQR) levels of total selenium were 118.5 (109-136) µg/L and 116.5 (106-128) µg/L, respectively, while Se-HSA was 25.5 µg/L (16.2-51.5) and 1.1 (0.03-3.1) µg/L, respectively. In both populations, Se-HSA was positively associated with inorganic selenium species. Conversely, Se-HSA was inversely associated with organic selenium, especially with selenoprotein P-bound-Se (Se-SELENOP) and less strongly with selenomethionine-bound-Se (Se-Met), while the relation was null or even positive with other organic species. Evaluation of non-linear trends showed a substantially positive association with inorganic selenium, particularly selenite, until a concentration of 30 µg/L, above which a plateau was reached. The association with Se-SELENOP was inverse and strong until 100 µg/L, while it was almost null at higher levels. Conclusions: Our findings seem to indicate that Se-HSA incorporates more selenium when circulating levels of inorganic compounds are higher, thus supporting its mainly inorganic nature, particularly at high circulating levels of selenite.
2023
- Nonchromosomal birth defects and risk of childhood acute leukemia: An assessment in 15 000 leukemia cases and 46 000 controls from the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium
[Articolo su rivista]
Lupo, Philip J; Chambers, Tiffany M; Mueller, Beth A; Clavel, Jacqueline; Dockerty, John D; Doody, David R; Erdmann, Friederike; Ezzat, Sameera; Filippini, Tommaso; Hansen, Johnni; Heck, Julia E; Infante-Rivard, Claire; Kang, Alice Y; Magnani, Corrado; Malagoli, Carlotta; Metayer, Catherine; Bailey, Helen D; Mora, Ana M; Ntzani, Evangelia; Petridou, Eleni Th; Pombo-de-Oliveira, Maria S; Rashed, Wafaa M; Roman, Eve; Schüz, Joachim; Wesseling, Catharina; Spector, Logan G; Scheurer, Michael E
abstract
: Although recent studies have demonstrated associations between nonchromosomal birth defects and several pediatric cancers, less is known about their role on childhood leukemia susceptibility. Using data from the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium, we evaluated associations between nonchromosomal birth defects and childhood leukemia. Pooling consortium data from 18 questionnaire-based and three registry-based case-control studies across 13 countries, we used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between a spectrum of birth defects and leukemia. Our analyses included acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, n = 13 115) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML, n = 2120) cases, along with 46 172 controls. We used the false discovery rate to account for multiple comparisons. In the questionnaire-based studies, the prevalence of birth defects was 5% among cases vs 4% in controls, whereas, in the registry-based studies, the prevalence was 11% among cases vs 7% in controls. In pooled adjusted analyses, there were several notable associations, including (1) digestive system defects and ALL (OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.46-4.98); (2) congenital anomalies of the heart and circulatory system and AML (OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.81-4.52) and (3) nervous system defects and AML (OR = 4.23, 95% CI: 1.50-11.89). Effect sizes were generally larger in registry-based studies. Overall, our results could point to novel genetic and environmental factors associated with birth defects that could also increase leukemia susceptibility. Additionally, differences between questionnaire- and registry-based studies point to the importance of complementary sources of birth defect phenotype data when exploring these associations.
2023
- Particulate matter exposure and dementia risk: a prospective cohort study in Northern Italy
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Urbano, T.; Malagoli, C.; Vinceti, M.; Filippini, T.
abstract
2023
- Particulate matter exposure from motorized traffic and risk of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia: An Italian prospective cohort study
[Articolo su rivista]
Urbano, Teresa; Chiari, Annalisa; Malagoli, Carlotta; Cherubini, Andrea; Bedin, Roberta; Costanzini, Sofia; Teggi, Sergio; Maffeis, Giuseppe; Vinceti, Marco; Filippini, Tommaso
abstract
Background: Based on epidemiologic and laboratory studies, exposure to air pollutants has been linked to many adverse health effects including a higher risk of dementia. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution on risk of conversion to dementia in a cohort of subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: We recruited 53 Italian subjects newly-diagnosed with MCI. Within a geographical information system, we assessed recent outdoor air pollutant exposure, by modeling air levels of particulate matter with equivalent aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM10) from motorized traffic at participants' residence. We investigated the relation of PM10 concentrations to subsequent conversion from MCI to any type of dementia. Using a Cox-proportional hazards model combined with a restricted cubic spline model, we computed the hazard ratio (HR) of dementia with its 95% confidence interval (CI) according to increasing PM10 exposure, adjusting for sex, age, and educational attainment. Results: During a median follow up of 47.3 months, 34 participants developed dementia, in 26 cases diagnosed as Alzheimer's dementia. In non-linear restricted spline regression analysis, mean and maximum annual PM10 levels positively correlated with cerebrospinal fluid total and phosphorylated tau proteins concentrations, while they were inversely associated with β-amyloid. Concerning the risk of dementia, we found a positive association starting from above 10 μg/m3 for mean PM10 levels and above 35 μg/m3 for maximum PM10 levels. Specific estimates for Alzheimer's dementia were substantially similar. Adding other potential confounders to the multivariable model or removing early cases of dementia onset during the follow-up had little effect on the estimates. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that exposure to outdoor air pollutants, PM10 in particular, may non-linearly increase conversion from MCI to dementia above a certain ambient air concentration.
2023
- Residential exposure to magnetic fields from high-voltage power lines and risk of childhood leukemia
[Articolo su rivista]
Malagoli, C.; Malavolti, M.; Wise, L. A.; Balboni, E.; Fabbi, S.; Teggi, S.; Palazzi, G.; Cellini, M.; Poli, M.; Zanichelli, P.; Notari, B.; Cherubini, A.; Vinceti, M.; Filippini, T.
abstract
Background: Several studies have suggested an excess risk of leukemia among children living close to high-voltage power lines and exposed to magnetic fields. However, not all studies have yielded consistent results, and many studies may have been susceptible to confounding and exposure misclassification. Methods: We conducted a case-control study to investigate the risk of leukemia associated with magnetic field exposure from high-voltage power lines. Eligible participants were children aged 0–15 years residing in the Northern Italian provinces of Modena and Reggio Emilia. We included all 182 registry-identified childhood leukemia cases diagnosed in 1998–2019, and 726 age-, sex- and province-matched population controls. We assessed exposure by calculating distance from house to nearest power line and magnetic field intensity modelling at the subjects’ residence. We used conditional logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with adjustment for potential confounders (distance from nearest petrol station and fuel supply within the 1000 m-buffer, traffic-related particulate and benzene concentrations, presence of indoor transformers, percentage of urban area and arable crops). Results: In multivariable analyses, the OR comparing children living <100 m from high-voltage power-lines with children living ≥400 m from power-lines was 2.0 (95% CI 0.8–5.0). Results did not differ substantially by age at disease diagnosis, disease subtype, or when exposure was based on modeled magnetic field intensity, though estimates were imprecise. Spline regression analysis showed an excess risk for both overall leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia among children with residential distances <100 m from power lines, with a monotonic inverse association below this cutpoint. Conclusions: In this Italian population, close proximity to high-voltage power lines was associated with an excess risk of childhood leukemia.
2023
- Residential proximity to petrol stations and risk of childhood leukemia
[Articolo su rivista]
Malavolti, Marcella; Malagoli, Carlotta; Filippini, Tommaso; Wise, Lauren A; Bellelli, Alessio; Palazzi, Giovanni; Cellini, Monica; Costanzini, Sofia; Teggi, Sergio; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Petrol stations emit benzene and other contaminants that have been associated with an increased risk of childhood leukemia. We carried out a population-based case-control study in two provinces in Northern Italy. We enrolled 182 cases of childhood leukemia diagnosed during 1998-2019 and 726 age- and sex-matched population controls. We geocoded the addresses of child residences and 790 petrol stations located in the study area. We estimated leukemia risk according to distance from petrol stations within a 1000 m buffer and amount of supplied fuel within a buffer of 250 m from the child's residence. We used conditional logistic regression models to approximate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations of interest, adjusted for potential confounders. We also modeled non-linear associations using restricted cubic splines. In secondary analyses, we restricted to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases and stratifed by age (<5 and >= 5 years). Compared with children who lived >= 1000 m from a petrol station, the RR was 2.2 (95% CI 0.5-9.4) for children living<50 m from nearest petrol station. Associations were stronger for the ALL subtype (RR=2.9, 95% CI 0.6-13.4) and among older children (age >= 5 years: RR=4.4, 95% CI 0.6-34.1; age<5 years: RR=1.6, 95% CI 0.1-19.4). Risk of leukemia was also greater (RR=1.6, 95% CI 0.7-3.3) among the most exposed participants when assigning exposure categories based on petrol stations located within 250 m of the child's residence and total amount of gasoline delivered by the stations. Overall, residence within close proximity to a petrol station, especially one with more intense refueling activity, was associated with an increased risk of childhood leukemia, though associations were imprecise.
2022
- Exposure to overhead high-voltage power lines and childhood leukemia risk: an Italian population-based case-control study
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Malavolti, Marcella; Fabbi, Sara; Zanichelli, Paolo; Notari, Barbara; Poli, Maurizio; Palazzi, Giovanni; Cellini, Monica; Filippini, Tommaso; Teggi, Sergio; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Background
Previous epidemiologic findings suggest a positive association between magnetic field exposure induced by high voltage power lines and childhood leukemia (CL). Contrasting results are still reported, possibly biased by exposure misclassification, relying on different assessment methods across studies, and by unmeasured confounders.
Methods/Approach
We further studied this relation in the Modena and Reggio Emilia provinces (Northern Italy), and through a modelling exposure assessment we identified the corridors along high voltage power lines with magnetic field intensity in the 0.1-0.4 µT ranges. Then we identified 182 cases of newly-diagnosed CL within these provinces from 1998 to 2019. We sampled four age-, sex-, province of residence- and calendar year- matched controls for each case. We computed the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) of CL in a conditional logistic regression analysis according to distance between home address at the time of diagnosis of the case and the nearest high voltage power line and also to residential magnetic field modeled intensity.
Results
OR of CL was 0.9 (95% CI 0.5-1.6), 0.9 (95% CI 0.4-2.0), 1.5 (95% CI 0.5-4.7) and 4.0 (95% CI 1.0-16.0) for children living respectively 200-400 m, 100-200 m, 50-100 m, and less than 50 m from the nearest high voltage power line compared to those residing further than 400 m. OR of CL associated with residence in the area with exposure >0.1 µT was 8.0 (95% CI 0.7-88.2).
Conclusions
Though the number of exposed children in this study was too low to allow firm conclusions, yielding in such cases high but very imprecise estimates, our results seem more suggestive of an excess risk of leukemia among children living close to electric power lines or exposed to higher magnetic fields intensity.
2022
- Residence in proximity of petrol stations and childhood leukemia risk
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Malavolti, Marcella; Malagoli, Carlotta; Costanzini, Sofia; Palazzi, Giovanni; Cellini, Monica; Filippini, Tommaso; Teggi, Sergio; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Background
Air pollutant concentrations close to petrol stations tend to increase, especially for benzene and other carcinogenic contaminants, depending on meteorological factors, features of nearby buildings and station activity. For this reason, it is suggested that petrol stations increase the risk of cancer, in particular, childhood leukemia.
Methods/Approach
We carried-out a population-based case-control study in two Northern Italy provinces, Modena and Reggio Emilia. We included 182 cases of childhood leukemia diagnosed in the period 1998-2019, and 726 age and sex-matched controls. We geocoded child residence and the 790 petrol stations located in the study area, of which we retrieved the annual refueling activity. Exposure was assessed based on both residential distance from the nearest petrol station and on the activity of all plants located up to 1000 m from the home. Risk ratio of leukemia was estimated by computing disease odds ratio (OR) through conditional logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders.
Results
We found an increased risk for childhood leukemia associated to residence in close proximity to petrol stations. Compared to those who live ≥ 1000m, OR was 2.30 (95% CI 0.53-9.97) for children living <50 m from nearest petrol station in bivariate analysis and 2.16 (95% CI 0.49-9.42) in multivariable analysis. The excess risk was higher when considering acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) subtype (OR=2.83, 95% CI 0.61-13.21), and in children diagnosed after 5 years of age (OR=4.68, 95% CI 0.61-35.95) compared with < 5 years (OR=1.63, 95% CI 0.14-18.84).
Conclusions
Our study found an increased childhood leukemia risk for residence in close proximity (<50 meters) to a petrol station. Such excess risk was higher for the ALL subtype and for children diagnosed after 5 years.
2021
- Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Exposure to Particulate Matter from Vehicular Traffic: A Case-Control Study
[Articolo su rivista]
Filippini, Tommaso; Mandrioli, Jessica; Malagoli, Carlotta; Costanzini, Sofia; Cherubini, Andrea; Maffeis, Giuseppe; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
(1) Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with still unknown etiology. Some occupational and environmental risk factors have been suggested, including long-term air pollutant exposure. We carried out a pilot case-control study in order to evaluate ALS risk due to particulate matter with a diameter of ≤10 µm (PM10) as a proxy of vehicular traffic exposure. (2) Methods: We recruited ALS patients and controls referred to the Modena Neurology ALS Care Center between 1994 and 2015. Using a geographical information system, we modeled PM10 concentrations due to traffic emissions at the geocoded residence address at the date of case diagnosis. We computed the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of ALS according to increasing PM10 exposure, using an unconditional logistic regression model adjusted for age and sex. (3) Results: For the 132 study participants (52 cases and 80 controls), the average of annual median and maximum PM10 concentrations were 5.2 and 38.6 µg/m3, respectively. Using fixed cutpoints at 5, 10, and 20 of the annual median PM10 levels, and compared with exposure <5 µg/m3, we found no excess ALS risk at 5-10 µg/m3 (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.39-1.96), 10-20 µg/m3 (0.94, 95% CI 0.24-3.70), and ≥20 µg/m3 (0.87, 95% CI 0.05-15.01). Based on maximum PM10 concentrations, we found a statistically unstable excess ALS risk for subjects exposed at 10-20 µg/m3 (OR 4.27, 95% CI 0.69-26.51) compared with those exposed <10 µg/m3. However, risk decreased at 20-50 µg/m3 (OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.39-5.75) and ≥50 µg/m3 (1.16, 95% CI 0.28-4.82). ALS risk in increasing tertiles of exposure showed a similar null association, while comparison between the highest and the three lowest quartiles lumped together showed little evidence for an excess risk at PM10 concentrations (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.50-2.55). After restricting the analysis to subjects with stable residence, we found substantially similar results. (4) Conclusions: In this pilot study, we found limited evidence of an increased ALS risk due to long-term exposure at high PM10 concentration, though the high statistical imprecision of the risk estimates, due to the small sample size, particularly in some exposure categories, limited our capacity to detect small increases in risk, and further larger studies are needed to assess this relation.
2021
- Sodium and potassium content of foods consumed in an italian population and the impact of adherence to a mediterranean diet on their intake
[Articolo su rivista]
Malavolti, M.; Naska, A.; Fairweather-Tait, S. J.; Malagoli, C.; Vescovi, L.; Marchesi, C.; Vinceti, M.; Filippini, T.
abstract
High sodium and low potassium intakes are associated with increased levels of blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular diseases. Assessment of habitual dietary habits are helpful to evaluate their intake and adherence to healthy dietary recommendations. In this study, we determined sodium and potassium food-specific content and intake in a Northern Italy community, focusing on the role and contribution of adherence to Mediterranean diet patterns. We collected a total of 908 food samples and measured sodium and potassium content using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, we assessed habitual dietary intake of 719 adult individuals of the Emilia-Romagna region. We then estimated sodium and potassium daily intake for each food based on their relative contribution to the overall diet, and their link to Mediterranean diet patterns. The estimated mean sodium intake was 2.15 g/day, while potassium mean intake was 3.37 g/day. The foods contributing most to sodium intake were cereals (33.2%), meat products (24.5%, especially processed meat), and dairy products (13.6%), and for potassium they were meat (17.1%, especially red and white meat), fresh fruits (15.7%), and vegetables (15.1%). Adherence to a Mediterranean diet had little influence on sodium intake, whereas potassium intake was greatly increased in subjects with higher scores, resulting in a lower sodium/potassium ratio. Although we may have underestimated dietary sodium intake by not including discretionary salt use and there may be some degree of exposure misclassification as a result of changes in food sodium content and dietary habits over time, our study provides an overview of the contribution of a wide range of foods to the sodium and potassium intake in a Northern Italy community and of the impact of a Mediterranean diet on intake. The mean sodium intake was above the dietary recommendations for adults of 1.5–2 g/day, whilst potassium intake was only slightly lower than the recommended 3.5 g/day. Our findings suggest that higher adherence to Mediterranean diet patterns has limited effect on restricting sodium intake, but may facilitate a higher potassium intake, thereby aiding the achievement of healthy dietary recommendations.
2020
- Clinical and Lifestyle Factors and Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Population-Based Case-Control Study
[Articolo su rivista]
Filippini, Tommaso; Fiore, Maria; Tesauro, Marina; Malagoli, Carlotta; Consonni, Michela; Violi, Federica; Arcolin, Elisa; Iacuzio, Laura; Oliveri Conti, Gea; Cristaldi, Antonio; Zuccarello, Pietro; Zucchi, Elisabetta; Mazzini, Letizia; Pisano, Fabrizio; Gagliardi, Ileana; Patti, Francesco; Mandrioli, Jessica; Ferrante, Margherita; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease of the motor neurons. The etiology of ALS remains largely unknown, particularly with reference to the potential environmental determinants. Methods: We performed a population-based case-control study in four provinces from both Northern and Southern Italy in order to assess non-genetic ALS risk factors by collecting through tailored questionnaires information about clinical and lifestyle factors. We estimated ALS risk by calculating odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) using unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for sex, age and educational attainment. Results: We recruited 230 participants (95 cases and 135 controls). We found a possible positive association of ALS risk with trauma, particularly head trauma (OR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.19-5.72), electric shock (OR = 2.09, 95% CI 0.62-7.06), and some sports, although at a competitive level only. In addition, our results suggest an increased risk for subjects reporting use of private wells for drinking water (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 0.73-2.27) and for use of herbicides during gardening (OR = 1.95, 95% CI 0.88-2.27). Conversely, there was a suggestion of an inverse association with overall fish consumption (OR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.12-0.60), but with no dose-response relation. Consumption of some dietary supplements, namely those containing amino acids and, in the Southern Italy population, vitamins and minerals such as selenium, seemed associated with a statistically imprecise increased risk. Conclusions: Our results suggest a potential etiologic role a number of clinical and lifestyle factors with ALS risk. However, caution is needed due to some study limitations. These include the small sample size and the low number of exposed subjects, which affect statistical precision of risk estimates, the potential for exposure misclassification, and the uncertainties about mechanisms underpinning the possible association between these factors and disease risk.
2020
- Comparison of Methodologies to Estimate Dietary Cadmium Intake in an Italian Population
[Articolo su rivista]
Filippini, Tommaso; Upson, Kristen; Adani, Giorgia; Malagoli, Carlotta; Baraldi, Claudia; Michalke, Bernhard; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Cadmium is a metal that is toxic to humans, and the major source of cadmium exposure in the non-smoking general population is diet. To identify major food sources and lower exposure from diet, an accurate estimate of dietary cadmium intake is needed. Hence, the objectives of this study are to develop a method to assess dietary cadmium intake using a biomarker measurement and to improve the estimation of dietary cadmium intake when using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). In a random sample of an Italian population, we collected dietary habits by FFQ and measured cadmium in foods and beverages. These data were used to compute the estimated weekly dietary intake (WDI) of cadmium (µg) by kilogram (kg) of body weight (bw) (WDIFFQ). We also measured fasting serum cadmium levels by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We used these data to develop a model for the estimation of the biomarker-derived dietary cadmium intake (WDIbio). In the 51 subjects recruited, the median level of serum cadmium was 0.041 µg/L (interquartile range (IQR): 0.030-0.054). The median WDIFFQ and WDIbio were 1.34 µg/kg bw/week (IQR: 0.86-1.70) and 0.72 µg/kg bw/week (IQR: 0.55-1.11), respectively. The correlation between the two estimates was low-to-moderate (r = 0.291). In exploratory analyses, the correlation was slightly higher in women and participants ages <50 years, and markedly higher in participants with body mass index <25 kg/m2 and smokers. Our approach allows for the dietary contribution to be isolated from the overall cadmium exposure measured with a biomarker; the estimated dietary cadmium intake was roughly similar to that estimated using the FFQ, especially in select subgroups. Future refinements to the biomarker-derived dietary cadmium intake approach should take into consideration additional sources of cadmium exposure, as well as factors affecting its absorption and metabolism.
2020
- Dietary Estimated Intake of Trace Elements: Risk Assessment in an Italian Population
[Articolo su rivista]
Filippini, T.; Tancredi, S.; Malagoli, C.; Malavolti, M.; Bargellini, A.; Vescovi, L.; Nicolini, F.; Vinceti, M.
abstract
Dietary intake to trace elements may represent the most relevant source of exposure for the general, non-occupationally population, but some of them have been rarely evaluated. We measured content of fifteen trace elements (antimony, barium, beryllium, boron, cobalt, lithium, molybdenum, nickel, silver, strontium, tellurium, thallium, titanium, uranium, and vanadium) in 908 food and beverage samples through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We estimated their dietary intake using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire collected from a population of the Emilia-Romagna Region in Northern Italy. We compared our estimates with tolerable upper intake levels reported by international agencies and we assessed the non-carcinogenic risk through calculation of total hazard quotient for each trace element according to the US-EPA approach. Overall, estimates of their dietary intake were substantially similar to those reported from other countries, and they fell below the tolerable upper intake levels provided by international agencies. The total hazard quotient for each trace element was below 1. Our findings provide updated estimates of food levels and dietary intake of trace elements far frequently evaluated in a sample of Italian adult consumers. They also suggest that any non-carcinogenic risk associated with intake of investigated trace elements may be ruled out in our population.
2020
- Environmental and Occupational Risk Factors of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Population-Based Case-Control Study
[Articolo su rivista]
Filippini, Tommaso; Tesauro, Marina; Fiore, Maria; Malagoli, Carlotta; Consonni, Michela; Violi, Federica; Iacuzio, Laura; Arcolin, Elisa; Oliveri Conti, Gea; Cristaldi, Antonio; Zuccarello, Pietro; Zucchi, Elisabetta; Mazzini, Letizia; Pisano, Fabrizio; Gagliardi, Ileana; Patti, Francesco; Mandrioli, Jessica; Ferrante, Margherita; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Objectives: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease with still unknown etiology. We aimed at investigating the association between environmental and occupational factors with ALS risk. Methods: We performed a population-based case-control study in four Italian provinces (Catania, Modena, Novara, and Reggio Emilia) by administration of tailored questionnaires to ALS cases (n = 95) and randomly selected population referents (n = 135). We estimated ALS risk by calculating the odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) using an unconditional logistic regression model. Results: We found a positive association with disease risk for history of occupation in the agricultural sector (OR = 2.09, 95% CI 0.79-7.54), especially for longer than 10 years (OR = 2.72, 95% 1.02-7.20). Overall occupational exposure to solvents also suggested a positive association, especially for thinners (OR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.14-4.54) and paint removers (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 0.90-4.48). Both occupational and environmental exposure to electromagnetic fields show a slightly increased risk with OR = 1.69 (95% CI 0.70-4.09) and 2.41 (95% CI 1.13-5.12), respectively. Occupational but not environmental exposure to pesticides (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 0.63-2.37), particularly fungicides, and exposure to metals (OR = 4.20, 95% CI 1.88-9.38), particularly lead, mercury, and selenium, showed an imprecise but positive association. Finally, there was an indication of increased risk for living in proximity to water bodies. Conclusions: Despite the caution that needs to be used due to some study limitations, such as the low number of exposed subjects and the possibility of recall bias, these results suggest the potential role of some environmental and occupational factors in ALS etiology.
2020
- Exposure to particulate matter and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A case-control study in Northern Italy
[Abstract in Rivista]
Filippini, T.; Mandrioli, J.; Malagoli, C.; Cherubini, A.; Maffeis, G.; Vinceti, M.
abstract
Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is progressive neurodegenerative disease with still unknown etiology. Role of occupational and environmental risk factors has been investigated, including outdoor air pollutants, which have been recently associated to an excess disease risk. We carried out a case-control study in order to assess if environmental exposure to particulate matter ≤10 µm (PM10) may increase ALS risk. Methods: We recruited patients referred to the Modena Neurology Unit between 1994-2015 and controls from the Modena province population. Using a validated geographical information system-based dispersion model, we geocoded subjects’ addresses of residence at the time of diagnosis and we estimated outdoor air PM10 concentrations for each subjects. We computed odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of ALS according to increasing PM10 exposure, using an unconditional logistic regression model age- and sex-adjusted. Results: For the 132 study participants (52 cases/80 controls), mean of annual average and maximum PM10 concentrations were 5.2 and 38.6µg/m3, respectively. Using fixed cutpoints at 5, 10 and 20 of average annual PM10 concentrations, compared with subjects <5µg/m3, we did not find evidence for an excess ALS risk associated with PM10 exposure, since OR was 0.87 (95% CI 0.39-1.96), 0.94 (0.24-3.70), and 0.87 (0.05-15.01) at 5-10, 10-20 and ≥20µg/m3, respectively. Using maximum annual PM10 concentrations, we found an excess ALS risk for subjects exposed at 10-20µg/m3 (OR=4.27, 0.69-26.51) compared with exposure below 10µg/m3, although the risk tended to decrease at higher PM10 concentrations, with OR of 1.49 (0.39-5.75) at 20-50, and 1.16 (0.98-4.82) at ≥50µg/m3. Conclusions:Our findings do not suggest that PM10exposure is associated with ALS risk. However, some evidence of an increased risk associated with maximum annual exposure concentrations, although statistically imprecise, suggests the need of further investigations, also considering the high concentrations of particulate matter characterizing Northern Italy.
2020
- Exposure to particulate matter and risk of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia: a cohort study in a Northern Italy population
[Abstract in Rivista]
Vinceti, M.; Filippini, T.; Malagoli, C.; Cherubini, A.; Maffeis, G.; Chiari, A.
abstract
Background/Aim Exposure to air pollutants such as inhalable particulate matter has been linked to increased risk of chronic disease including neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s dementia. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution, and specifically to particulate matter ≤10 μm (PM10), on the risk of dementia in a cohort of subjects with mild cognitive impairment. MethodsWe recruited 53 subjects newly-diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment of non-vascular origin and residing in the Modena and Reggio Emilia provinces of Northern Italy. Using a Geographical Information System and a validated air pollution dispersion model, we assessed exposure to outdoor PM10 from motorized traffic at subjects’ residence. We investigated the relation of these concentrations to subsequent onset of dementia, using a Cox proportional hazards model. We computed hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) according to fixed categories of PM10 exposure, adjusting for sex, age, and educational attainment level. ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 42 months, 19 participants developed Alzheimer’s dementia, 3 frontotemporal dementia and 2 Lewy body dementia. Baseline PM10 exposure levels were 9.6 µg/m3 on average. Using PM10 levels below 5 µg/m3 as reference, we found a dose-response increase in any dementia risk with HR of 1.04 (95% CI 0.41-2.66) at 5-10 µg/m3, 1.32 (95% CI 0.36-4.92) at 10-20 µg/m3, and 1.38 (95% CI 0.14-13.13) above 20 µg/m3, respectively. Conclusions Our results suggest that exposure to particulate matter emitted by motorized vehicles increases the risk of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia, though the low number of study participants suggests caution in the interpretation of these findings.
2020
- Lead exposure in an Italian population: Food content, dietary intake and risk assessment
[Articolo su rivista]
Malavolti, M.; Fairweather-Tait, S. J.; Malagoli, C.; Vescovi, L.; Vinceti, M.; Filippini, T.
abstract
Background and aim: Lead is a highly toxic heavy metal released into the environment after natural and anthropogenic activities. Excluding populations in occupations where there is possible lead contamination, food is the major source of human exposure. In this study, we determined lead contamination in food and beverages consumed in a Northern Italy community and performed a health risk assessment. Methods: We collected a total of 908 food samples and measured lead levels using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Using a validated food frequency questionnaire, we assessed the dietary habits and estimated daily lead dietary intakes in a sample of 719 adult individuals. We performed risk assessment using a benchmark dose and margin of exposure approach, based on exposure levels for both adverse effect of systolic blood pressure and chronic kidney disease. Results: Foods with the highest lead levels include non-chocolate confectionery (48.7 µg/kg), leafy (39.0 µg/kg) and other vegetables (42.2 µg/kg), and crustaceans and molluscs (39.0 µg/kg). The estimated mean lead intake was 0.155 µg/kg bw-day in all subjects, with little lower intakes in men (0.151 µg/kg bw-day) compared to women (0.157 µg/kg bw-day). Top food contributors were vegetables, cereals, and beverages, particularly wine. In relation to risk assessment, the estimated dietary intake was lower than levels associated with cardiovascular risk and nephrotoxicity. Conclusions: Our study provides an updated assessment of lead food contamination and dietary exposure in a Northern Italian community. The margin of exposure risk assessment approach suggests that risk of detrimental effects due to dietary lead intake is low in the investigated population. Nonetheless, these exposure levels for adverse effects are not reference health standards, and no safety threshold value can be established for lead. As a consequence, other and more subtle adverse effects may still occur in vulnerable and occupationally exposed individuals, particularly in relation to the nervous system.
2020
- Reply to comment on “environmental and occupational risk factors of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A population-based case-control study”
[Articolo su rivista]
Filippini, T.; Tesauro, M.; Fiore, M.; Malagoli, C.; Consonni, M.; Violi, F.; Iacuzio, L.; Arcolin, E.; Conti, G. O.; Cristaldi, A.; Zuccarello, P.; Zucchi, E.; Mazzini, L.; Pisano, F.; Gagliardi, I.; Patti, F.; Mandrioli, J.; Ferrante, M.; Vinceti, M.
abstract
We much appreciate the positive comments and interest concerning our study on the environmental and occupational risk factors of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) [...].
2019
- Aluminum and tin: Food contamination and dietary intake in an Italian population
[Articolo su rivista]
Filippini, Tommaso; Tancredi, Stefano; Malagoli, Carlotta; Cilloni, Silvia; Malavolti, Marcella; Violi, Federica; Vescovi, Luciano; Bargellini, Annalisa; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Aluminum and tin are ubiquitous in the environment. In normal biological systems, however, they are present
only in trace amounts and have no recognized biological functions in humans. High exposure to these metals can
result in adverse health effects such as neurodegenerative diseases. In non-occupationally exposed subjects, diet
is the primary source of exposure. In this study, we aimed at estimating dietary aluminum and tin intake in an
Italian adult population.
We measured aluminum and tin concentrations through inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry in
908 food samples. We also estimated dietary intake of these two metals, by using a validated semi-quantitative
food-frequency questionnaire administered to 719 subjects (319 men and 400 women) recruited from the
general population of the Emilia Romagna region, Northern Italy.
We found the highest aluminum levels in legumes, sweets, and cereals, while the highest tin levels were in
sweets, meat and seafood. The estimated median daily dietary intake of aluminum was 4.1 mg/day (Interquartile
range – IQR: 3.3–5.2), with a major contribution from beverages (28.6%), cereals (16.9%), and leafy vegetables
(15.2%). As for tin, we estimated a median intake of 66.8 μg/day (IQR: 46.7–93.7), with a major contribution
from vegetables (mainly tomatoes) (24.9%), fruit (15.5%), aged cheese (12.2%), and processed meat (10.4%).
This study provides an updated estimate of the dietary intake of aluminum and tin in a Northern-Italy adult
population, based on data from a validated food-frequency questionnaire. The intake determined for this population
does not exceed the established thresholds of tolerable intake.
2019
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis incidence following exposure to inorganic selenium in drinking water
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Vinceti, M; Filippini, T; Malagoli, C; Violi, F; Mandrioli, J; Consonni, D; Rothman, Kj; Wise, La
abstract
Background and aim. Some laboratory and epidemiologic studies have documented an association between high intake of the trace element selenium and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a degenerative disease of the motor neurons. There have been few epidemiologic studies of the association.
Methods. From 1986 through 2015, we followed a community cohort in northern Italy that had been inadvertently exposed in the 1974-86 period to drinking water with unusually high levels of selenium, around 8 µg/ml, in its inorganic hexavalent form (selenate). In this cohort, we previously identified a high incidence of ALS during 1986-94. Here we report extended follow-up of this exposed cohort, as well as of an unexposed cohort including over 95,000 municipal residents, for an additional 21 years. We identified incident cases through administrative sources and a specialized registry.
Results. During follow-up, 7 and 112 ALS cases were newly diagnosed in the exposed and unexposed cohorts, respectively, yielding incidence rates of 14 and 5 per 100,000 person-years. A Poisson regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, and calendar year produced an overall rate ratio (RR) for ALS of 2.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 - 6) in the entire period of follow-up. The association was stronger earlier than later in follow-up (1986-1994 vs. 1994-2015), and among women than men. All exposed cases were of the sporadic, non-familial form for the disease.
Conclusion. Overall, results from this ‘natural experiment’ indicate a positive association between chronic exposure to inorganic selenium and ALS incidence, with rates in the exposed cohort declining over time after cessation of exposure. Also taking into account the recognized neurotoxicity of selenium, particularly its selective toxicity on motor neurons observed in animal studies, the present study provides additional support for the hypothesis that selenium in its inorganic form increases ALS risk.
2019
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis incidence following exposure to inorganic selenium in drinking water: A long-term follow-up
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, M.; Filippini, T.; Malagoli, C.; Violi, F.; Mandrioli, J.; Consonni, D.; Rothman, K. J.; Wise, L. A.
abstract
Some studies have reported an association between overexposure to selenium and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a rare degenerative disease of motor neurons. From 1986 through 2015, we followed a cohort in Northern Italy that had been inadvertently consuming tap water with unusually high concentrations of inorganic hexavalent selenium from 1974 to 1985. We had previously documented an excess incidence of ALS in this cohort during 1986-1994. Here, we report extended follow-up of the cohort for an additional 21 years, encompassing 50,100 person-years of the exposed cohort and 2,233,963 person-years of the unexposed municipal cohort. We identified 7 and 112 incident ALS cases in the exposed and unexposed cohorts, respectively, yielding crude incidence rates of 14 and 5 cases per 100,000 person-years. A Poisson regression analysis, adjusting for age, sex and calendar year, produced an overall incidence rate ratio (IRR) for ALS of 2.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3, 6), with a substantially stronger IRR in 1986-1994 (8.2, 95% CI 2.7, 24.7) than in 1995-2015 (1.5, 95% CI 0.5, 4.7), and among women (5.1, 95% CI 1.8, 14.3) than men (1.7, 95% CI 0.5, 5.4). Overall, these results indicate an association between high exposure to inorganic selenium, a recognized neurotoxicant, and ALS incidence, with declining rates after cessation of exposure and stronger effects among women.
2019
- Capitolo 3: Determinanti di salute e malattia
[Capitolo/Saggio]
Vinceti, M; Balzarini, F; Filippini, T; Malagoli, C; Bossi, E
abstract
2019
- Dietary cadmium exposure and risk of melanoma: an Italian population-based case-control study
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, T; Malagoli, C; Malavolti, M; Vinceti, M
abstract
Background and aim. The heavy metal cadmium could be highly toxic to humans, and its environmental exposure has been linked to many adverse health effects, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer, including melanoma. Although the underlying mechanisms need yet to be clearly identified, recent findings suggested that cadmium can specifically promote the malignant transformation of melanoma cells through the aberrant DNA methylation inducing dysregulation of specific gene expression. Since in the non-occupationally exposed population, in addition to smoking, food intake is the major source of cadmium exposure, we aimed at assessing the risk of cutaneous melanoma in relation to dietary cadmium intake.
Methods. Using a population-based study design, we recruited 380 incident cases of newly-diagnosed melanoma and 719 sex- and age-matched controls in the Emilia-Romagna Region, Northern Italy. We evaluated their dietary habits through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and we computed the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for melanoma according to quintile distribution of cadmium intake, using a conditional logistic regression model, matching by sex, age and province of residence, and adjusting also for phototype, non-alcoholic energy intake, body mass index, and Italian Mediterranean Diet Index.
Results: Median intake of cadmium was 5.81 µg/day (interquartile range 4.46-7.59) in cases, and 5.63 µg/day (4.46-7.34) in controls. OR of melanoma associated with 1-unit increase in cadmium intake was 1.11 (95% CI 1.00-1.24). Melanoma risk increased with increasing quintile of cadmium exposure, with ORs of 1.55 (95% CI 0.99-2.42), 1.54 (95% CI 0.99-2-40), 1.75 (95% CI 1.12-2.75), and 1.65 (95% CI 1.05-2.61) in the second to the highest quintile compared to the lowest quintile. Sex-stratified analysis showed substantially comparable results and a generally higher risk in female population, with continuous ORs of 1.10 (95% CI 0.93-1-29), and 1.15 (95% CI 0.99-1.33) in men and women, respectively.
Conclusions: Our results suggest a positive association between cadmium exposure through diet and risk of cutaneous melanoma in a Northern Italy population. Such association started to occur at a level of exposure lower than the tolerable intake established by the World Health Organization, and considered to be safe for humans.
2019
- Dietary cadmium intake and risk of cutaneous melanoma: a population-based case-control study in Northern Italy
[Abstract in Rivista]
Filippini, T; Malagoli, C; Malavolti, M; Vinceti, M
abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM. Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal for humans, and its environmental exposure has been linked to many adverse health effects, including cancer, atherosclerosis and diabetes. In particular, recent findings suggest that cadmium may increase risk of cutaneous melanoma, possibly through the promotion of the malignant transformation of melanoma cells through aberrant DNA methylation and by inducing gene expression dysregulation. Since in non-occupational exposed and non-smoking subjects dietary exposure is the major source of cadmium exposure, we aimed to assess melanoma risk in relation to dietary cadmium intake. METHODS. We recruited 380 newly-diagnosed incident cases of cutaneous melanoma and 719 sex- and age-matched population controls in four North Italian provinces (Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena, and Bologna) of Emilia-Romagna Region. We estimated their dietary habits using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and we evaluated melanoma risk by computing the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) according to quintile distribution of cadmium intake. We used a conditional logistic regression model to compute ORs, matching by sex, age and province of residence, and adjusting also for phototype, non-alcoholic energy intake, body mass index, and Italian Mediterranean Diet Index. Also a spline regression model was used in order to evaluated possible dose-response relation. RESULTS: Median cadmium intake was 5.81 µg/day (interquartile range 4.46-7.59) in cases, and 5.63 µg/day (4.46-7.34) in controls. OR of melanoma associated with 1-unit increase in cadmium intake was 1.11 (95% CI 1.00-1.24). Melanoma risk increased with increasing quintile of cadmium exposure, with ORs of 1.55 (95% CI 0.99-2.42), 1.54 (95% CI 0.99-2-40), 1.75 (95% CI 1.12-2.75), and 1.65 (95% CI 1.05-2.61) from second to highest quintile compared to lowest quintile. Sex-stratified analysis showed substantially comparable results and a generally higher risk in women, with continuous ORs of 1.10 (95% CI 0.93-1-29), and 1.15 (95% CI 0.99-1.33) in men and women, respectively. Spline regression analysis showed a non-linear risk increase, with possible plateau at 5-6 µg/day of cadmium intake. Slightly higher risk estimates in women and older subjects were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Our results seem to point out a positive association between dietary cadmium exposure and melanoma risk in the study population. Such association started to occur at a level of exposure lower than the tolerable intake established for food safety by international authorities.
2019
- Dietary cadmium intake and risk of cutaneous melanoma: An Italian population-based case-control study
[Articolo su rivista]
Filippini, T.; Malagoli, C.; Wise, L. A.; Malavolti, M.; Pellacani, G.; Vinceti, M.
abstract
Introduction: Exposure to the heavy metal cadmium has been associated with many adverse health effects, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer, possibly melanoma. In non-occupationally exposed individuals, food intake is a major source of cadmium exposure, after smoking. We aimed to assess the risk of melanoma in relation to dietary cadmium intake. Methods: Using a population-based case-control study design, we recruited 380 incident cases of newly-diagnosed cutaneous melanoma and 719 matched controls in the Emilia-Romagna Region, Northern Italy in the years 2005-2006. We evaluated dietary intake using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We used conditional logistic regression to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for melanoma according to quintiles of dietary cadmium intake, adjusting for several potential confounders, and we modeled the association non-parametrically, using restricted cubic splines. Results: Median energy-adjusted intake of cadmium was 6.11 μg/day (interquartile range 5.38–6.91) among cases and 5.97 μg/day (5.15–6.79) among controls. For each 1 μg/day-increase in cadmium intake, the OR for melanoma was 1.11 (95% CI 1.00–1.24). Melanoma risk generally increased with increasing quintile of cadmium exposure, with ORs of 1.55 (95% CI 0.99–2.42), 1.54 (95% CI 0.99-2-40), 1.75 (95% CI 1.12–2.75), and 1.65 (95% CI 1.05–2.61) for the second through fifth quintiles, compared with the lowest quintile. Sex-stratified analysis showed ORs per 1 μg/day-increase in cadmium intake of 1.10 (95% CI 0.93-1-29) among men and 1.15 (95% CI 0.99–1.33) among women. Using spline regression analysis, we observed a generally linear increase in melanoma risk up to 6 μg/day of cadmium intake, after which the risk appeared to plateau. Conclusions: We observed a positive non-linear association between dietary cadmium intake and risk of cutaneous melanoma in a Northern Italy population. However, further studies are needed to elucidate this association, due to concerns about exposure misclassification, unmeasured confounding, and the limited and conflicting evidence from epidemiological findings.
2019
- Dietary exposure estimates to fifteen trace elements in an adult population of Emilia Romagna region, Northern Italy
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, T; Tancredi, S; Malagoli, C; Malavolti, M; Vescovi, L; Bargellini, A; Vinceti, M
abstract
The health effects and the exposure levels of trace elements in humans are important public health topics. Assessing their dietary intake is fundamental to evaluate the long-term risks for public health and for food safety assessment. Since a priority of food safety regulatory agencies is to ensure the protection of consumers and to assess the health risks for the general population, to estimate the actual dietary intake of trace elements for comparison with the upper and lower tolerable levels is very important. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the dietary intake of several trace elements in an Italian community, namely of antimony, barium, beryllium, boron, cobalt, lithium, molybdenum, nickel, silver, strontium, tellurium, thallium, titanium, uranium, and vanadium. To do that, in 2016-2017 we collected a total of 908 food samples available in Italian markets and groceries from two Northern Italy provinces (Modena and Reggio Emilia), and we measured their trace element content through inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We also administered a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to 708 residents (300 men and 48 women) in the Emilia-Romagna Region, to assess their dietary habits and eventually to estimate their dietary intake of the aforementioned trace elements. Overall, study results showed that in our population the dietary exposure levels to selected trace elements could be considered similar to that observed in other European and non-European populations. Though we cannot rule out the possibility that the dietary exposure estimates in the present study may not be representative of the population as a whole, our results provide a good and updated assessment of trace elements far frequently evaluated in a sample of Italian adult consumers from the Emilia Romagna region. Our findings finally suggest that our population should not be at risk of adverse health effects in relation to excess or deficiency of the investigated trace elements since the estimated dietary intake generally point out exposure levels within the safe range as far as indicated by recommendations of international agencies.
2019
- Exposure to inorganic selenium in drinking water and incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a long-term follow-up of a natural experiment
[Poster]
Vinceti, Marco; Filippini, Tommaso; Malagoli, Carlotta; Violi, Federica; Mandrioli, Jessica; Consonni, Dario; Rothman, Kenneth; Wise, LAUREN ANNE
abstract
Background: Some studies have reported an association between overexposure to selenium and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a rare degenerative disease of motor neurons. From 1986 through 2015, we followed a cohort in Northern Italy that had been inadvertently consuming tap water with unusually high concentrations of inorganic hexavalent selenium from 1974 to 1985. Methods: We had previously documented an excess incidence of ALS in this cohort during 1986-1994. Here, we report extended follow-up of the cohort for an additional 21 years, encompassing 50,100 person-years of the exposed cohort and 2,233,963 person-years of the unexposed municipal cohort. We assessed ALS risk using a Poisson regression analysis, adjusting for age, sex and calendar year. Results: We identified 7 and 112 incident ALS cases in the exposed and unexposed cohorts, respectively, yielding crude incidence rates of 14 and 5 cases per 100,000 person-years. The Poisson regression analysis produced an overall incidence rate ratio (IRR) for ALS of 2.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3, 6), with a substantially stronger IRR in 1986-1994 (8.2, 95% CI 2.7, 24.7) than in 1995-2015 (1.5, 95% CI 0.5, 4.7), and among women (5.1, 95% CI 1.8, 14.3) than men (1.7, 95% CI 0.5, 5.4). Conclusions: Overall, these results indicate an association between high exposure to inorganic selenium, a recognized neurotoxicant, and ALS incidence, with declining rates after cessation of exposure and stronger effects among women.
2019
- Food and beverage consumption and melanoma risk: a population-based case-control study in Northern Italy
[Articolo su rivista]
Malagoli, C; Malavolti, M; Agnoli, C; Farnetani, F; Longo, C; Filippini, T; Pellacani, G; Vinceti, M
abstract
It has been suggested that diet may influence the risk of melanoma, but few studies are available on this topic. We assessed the relation between food consumption and the risk of cutaneous melanoma in a Northern Italy population. We carried out a population-based case-control study involving 380 cases of melanoma and 719 age- and sex-matched controls. Dietary habits were established through a self-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We computed the odds ratios (ORs) of melanoma and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to tertiles of daily intake of each food item, using multiple logistic regression models adjusted for major confounding factors. We observed an indication of a positive association between melanoma risk and consumption of cereals and cereal products (OR = 1.32; 95% CI 0.89–1.96, higher vs. lowest tertile), sweets (OR = 1.22; 95% CI 0.84–1.76), chocolate, candy bars. etc., (OR = 1.51; 95% CI 1.09–2.09) and cabbages (OR = 1.51; 95% CI 1.09–2.09). Conversely, an inverse association with disease risk was found for the intake of legumes (OR = 0.77; 95% CI 0.52–1.13), olive oil (OR = 0.77; 95% CI 0.51–1.16), eggs (OR = 0.58; 95% CI 0.41–0.82), and onion and garlic (OR = 0.80; 95% CI 0.52–1.14). No relationship was observed with beverage consumption. Our results suggest potentially adverse effects on melanoma risk of foods characterized by high contents of refined flours and sugars, while suggesting a protective role for eggs and two key components of the Mediterranean diet, legumes and olive oil. These associations warrant further investigation and, if confirmed, they might have important public health implications for the reduction of melanoma incidence through dietary modification.
2019
- High‐frequency motor rehabilitation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial
[Articolo su rivista]
Zucchi, Elisabetta; Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Fini, Nicola; Gessani, Annalisa; Fasano, Antonio; Rizzi, Romana; Sette, Elisabetta; Cavazza, Stefano; Fiocchi, Alena; Buja, Sergio; Faccioli, Tiziana; Storani, Simone; Mandrioli, Jessica
abstract
.
2019
- Maternal pregestational diabetes and risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the offspring: A population-based study in Northern Italy
[Articolo su rivista]
Borsari, L.; Malagoli, C.; Della Torre, F.; Cellini, M.; Rodolfi, R.; Pession, A.; Vinceti, M.
abstract
Introduction: This population-based study aims to evaluate the association between maternal pregestational diabetes and risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the offspring. Methods: All 241,958 children born in three Northern Italy provinces 1998–2010 were followed from birth until first cancer diagnosis (National Childhood Cancer Register), age 15 years, or 31 December 2017. We computed hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI of ALL in relation to the presence of maternal diabetes through Cox proportional regression models. Results: We observed 145 cases of ALL, with a higher incidence in children born to women with pregestational diabetes compared to the others (12.4 vs 4.6). Adjusted hazard ratio of ALL was 2.6 (CI, 0.6–10.5) for maternal diabetes. Discussion: We estimated higher risks of ALL in the offspring of women with pregestational diabetes. These results are consistent with previous findings and compatible with a role of prenatal glycaemic environment in childhood cancer aetiology.
2019
- Proximity to petrol station and risk of childhood leukemia: systematic review and meta-analysis
[Poster]
Filippini, Tommaso; Malagoli, Carlotta; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Motorized traffic exposure and particularly benzene have been associated to childhood leukemia. In particular, living next to a petrol station or repair garage may increase the opportunity for benzene exposure. In this review, we investigated the extent to which living in proximity to petrol stations is associated with risk of childhood leukemia. We searched all observational studies that have investigated the risk of childhood leukemia in relation to exposure to petrol station using either proximity of children residence or modelled exposure. We performed online database search up to October 10, 2019, including also snowballing methods to retrieve all possible eligible studies. We carried out a meta-analysis of all eligible studies using a random effect model. We found six studies eligible to be included in our review published from 1999 to 2019 and all with all with a case-control design. We identified two additional studies compared to the last published systematic review, including one conference abstract. Exposure assessment was performed using questionnaire or face-to-face interview asking for distance of residence to petrol station in three studies (in one case with external validation), while georeferencing method was used using either distance (two studies) or petrol station density (one study). We eventually included 3632 cases and 21874 controls in the analysis. Summary relative risk (sRR) was 1.63 (95% CI 1.11 to 2.50). After exclusion of one study in which exposure to either petrol station and automotive repair was considered, we still found an increased sRR of 1.48 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.12). Comparable risk was reported after stratification of exposure assessment method. Estimates were slightly higher for ALL (sRR=3.31, 95% CI 0.92 to 11.86) compared with AML (sRR=2.06, 95% CI 0.90 to 4.70), although based on only two studies. Overall, the epidemiologic literature appears to support an association between living in proximity to petrol station and childhood leukemia risk, particularly ALL, supporting previous findings regarding motorized traffic and particularly benzene.
2019
- Selenium and selenium species in the etiology of Alzheimer's dementia: The potential for bias of the case-control study design
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Michalke, Bernhard; Malagoli, Carlotta; Eichmüller, Marcel; Filippini, Tommaso; Tondelli, Manuela; Bargellini, Annalisa; Vinceti, Giulia; Zamboni, Giovanna; Chiari, Annalisa
abstract
Several human studies imply that the trace element selenium and its species may influence the onset of neurological disease, including Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Nevertheless, the literature is conflicting, with reported associations between exposure and risk in opposite direction, possibly due to biases in exposure assessment. After conducting a cohort study that detected an excess AD risk associated with higher levels of inorganic-hexavalent selenium in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), we investigated the relation between selenium and AD using a case-control study design. We determined cerebrospinal fluid levels of selenium species in 56 MCI participants already included in the cohort study, considered as referents, and in 33 patients with established AD. AD risk was inversely correlated with inorganic selenium species and with the organic form bound to selenoprotein P. Selenium bound to other organo-selenium species was positively correlated with AD risk, suggesting compensatory selenoprotein upregulation following increased oxidative stress. The finding of an increased AD risk associated with inorganic-hexavalent selenium from the cohort study was not replicated. This case-control study yielded entirely different results than those generated by a cohort study with a partially overlapping participant population, suggesting that case-control design does not allow to reliably assess the role of selenium exposure in AD etiology. This inability appears to be due to exposure misclassification, falsely indicating an etiologic role of selenium deficiency likely due to reverse causation, and involving most selenium species. The case-control design may instead lend insights into the pathologic process underlying disease progression.
2018
- A GIS-based atmospheric dispersion model for pollutants emitted by complex source areas
[Articolo su rivista]
Teggi, Sergio; Costanzini, Sofia; Ghermandi, Grazia; Malagoli, Carlotta; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Gaussian dispersion models are widely used to simulate the concentrations and deposition fluxes of pollutants
emitted by source areas. Very often, the calculation time limits the number of sources and receptors and the
geometry of the sources must be simple and without holes. This paper presents CAREA, a new GIS-based
Gaussian model for complex source areas. CAREA was coded in the Python language, and is largely based
on a simplified formulation of the very popular and recognized AERMOD model. The model allows users to
define in a GIS environment thousands of gridded or scattered receptors and thousands of complex sources
with hundreds of vertices and holes. CAREA computes ground level, or near ground level, concentrations and
dry deposition fluxes of pollutants. The input/output and the runs of the model can be completely managed in
GIS environment (e.g. inside a GIS project). The paper presents the CAREA formulation and its applications
to very complex test cases. The tests shows that the processing time are satisfactory and that the definition of
sources and receptors and the output retrieval are quite easy in a GIS environment. CAREA and AERMOD
are compared using simple and reproducible test cases. The comparison shows that CAREA satisfactorily reproduces
AERMOD simulations and is considerably faster than AERMOD.
2018
- Adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with changing patterns of exposure to the emissions of a municipal waste incinerator
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Werler, Martha M.; Filippini, Tommaso; De Girolamo, Gianfranco; Ghermandi, Grazia; Fabbi, Sara; Astolfi, Gianni; Teggi, Sergio
abstract
Municipal solid waste incinerators emissions contain pollutants that, despite their low concentration, might adversely affect reproductive health. In the present study, we examined rates of miscarriage and birth defects among women who resided or were employed in the vicinity of a municipal solid waste incinerator plant from 2003-2013. In 2009, a progressive shutdown of the old incineration lines and operation of a new line caused considerably higher atmospheric release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, particularly of dioxins, due to these irregular operating conditions, technological renovation, and increased capacity. We used dioxin emission levels, based on a dispersion model, as a marker of air pollution due to waste incineration. In women who resided in areas characterized by higher emission exposures compared with a referent area, the relative risk (RR) of miscarriage was 1.04 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80-1.32) based on 62 cases overall, with little evidence of a dose-response relation. RRs were similarly null for both 2003-2008 and 2010-2013 periods (RR 1.12 (95% CI 0.80-1.53) and 0.98 (95% CI 0.63-1.48), respectively). Concerning birth defects in the offspring of women residing in the exposed area, no evidence of increased risk emerged, since the prevalence ratio at birth was 0.64 (95% CI 0.29-1.26), with comparable results in the 2003-2008 and 2010-2013 period. Corresponding analyses carried out in municipal residents who worked in the exposed area confirmed these findings. We also did not detect abnormally high rates of miscarriage and birth defects in the exposed cohorts in the single year 2009.
Overall, these results do not suggest an effect of exposure to the emissions of the municipal solid waste incinerator we investigated on two indicators of reproductive health. However, the limited statistical stability of the estimates and the absence of individual-based information on some potential confounders suggest caution in the interpretation of study findings.
2018
- Assessment of food contamination and dietary intake of lead and thallium in a Northern Italy population.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, T; Malavolti, M; Cilloni, S; Violi, F; Malagoli, C; Vescovi, L; Vinceti, M.
abstract
Lead and thallium are heavy metals released in the environment after natural and anthropogenic activities. Food and water intake are the major sources of human exposure to these elements. In this study, we aimed at characterizing lead and thallium content in foods consumed in Northern Italy population, in order to estimate the dietary intake of these metals. To do that we bought food samples in markets and groceries collected during the period from October 2016 to February 2017 in the Emilia Romagna region, and we measured their element content using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Finally, after assessing dietary habits of an Emilia-Romagna community by using a validated food frequency questionnaire, we eventually estimated dietary intake of these metals in that community. In the 890 analyzed food samples, the highest lead contamination levels were found in seafood, vegetables, sweets and beverages. The estimated dietary intake of lead was 5.758 (interquartile range-IQR: 4.547-7.427) µg/day, corresponding to 0.089 (IQR: 0.069-0.113) µg/kg of body weight per day, with cereals, beverages and vegetables as major contributors. About thallium, one third of specimens showed very low levels below the limit of detection, with the highest contamination levels in vegetables, dry fruits and sweets. The dietary intake of thallium was 0.236 (IQR: 0.183-0.312) µg/day, mainly from vegetables, beverages, cereals and sweets. In conclusion, our study provides an estimation of lead and thallium intake in a Northern Italian community and shows a generally low exposure levels from dietary sources.
2018
- Assessment of residential exposure to pesticides and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: methodological issue in the use of different versions of Land Use Chart.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, T; Fiore, M; Violi, F; Malagoli, C; Cilloni, S; Odone, A; Signorelli, C; Ferrante, Michele; Vinceti, M.
abstract
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2018
- Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling and Spatial Analysis to Evaluate Population Exposure to Pesticides from Farming Processes
[Articolo su rivista]
Costanzini, Sofia; Teggi, Sergio; Bigi, Alessandro; Ghermandi, Grazia; Filippini, Tommaso; Malagoli, Carlotta; Nannini, Roberta; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
This work originates from an epidemiological study aimed to assess the correlation between population exposure to pesticides used in agriculture and adverse health effects. In support of the population exposure evaluation two models implemented by the authors were applied: a GIS-based proximity model and the CAREA atmospheric dispersion model. In this work, the results of the two models are presented and compared. Despite the proximity analysis is widely used for these kinds of studies, it was investigated how meteorology could affect the exposure assessment. Both models were applied to pesticides emitted by 1519 agricultural fields and considering 2584 receptors distributed over an area of 8430 km2. CAREA output shows a considerable enhancement in the percentage of exposed receptors, from the 4% of the proximity model to the 54% of the CAREA model. Moreover, the spatial analysis of the results on a specific test site showed that the effects of meteorology considered by CAREA led to an anisotropic exposure distribution that differs considerably from the symmetric distribution resulting by the proximity model. In addition, the results of a field campaign for the definition and planning of ground measurement of concentration for the validation of CAREA are presented. The preliminary results showed how, during treatments, pesticide concentrations distant from the fields are significantly higher than background values.
2018
- Cancer incidence following long-term consumption of drinking water with high inorganic selenium content
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Vicentini, Massimo; Wise, Lauren A.; Sacchettini, Claudio; Malagoli, Carlotta; Ballotari, Paola; Filippini, Tommaso; Malavolti, Marcella; Rossi, Paolo Giorgi
abstract
Selenium, a trace element to which humans are exposed mainly through diet, has been involved in the etiology of human cancer. We investigated the long-term effects of selenium exposure on cancer incidence using data from a natural experiment in Northern Italy. During the 1970s–1980s, in a part of the Italian municipality of Reggio Emilia, residents were inadvertently exposed to unusually high levels of inorganic hexavalent selenium (selenate) through drinking water. We followed the exposed residents for 28 years, generating data on incidence (when available) and mortality rates for selected cancer sites; the remaining municipal residents comprised the unexposed (reference) group. We observed no substantial difference in overall cancer incidence comparing exposed and unexposed cohorts. We detected, however, a higher incidence of cancer at some sites, and for a few of them, namely cancers of the buccal cavity and pharynx, melanoma, urinary tract and lymphoid tissue, the excess incidence was particularly evident in the first period of follow-up but decreased over time. Overall, these results suggest that consumption of water with levels of selenium in its inorganic hexavalent form close to the European standard, 10 μg/L, may have unfavourable effects on cancer incidence.
2018
- Comparison of two alternative methodologies to estimate the weekly intake of cadmium in an italian population
[Abstract in Rivista]
Filippini, Tommaso; Malagoli, Carlotta; Michalke, Bernhard; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
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2018
- Congenital anomalies and risk of childhood leukemia: a pooled analysis from the childhood leukemia international consortium (clic)
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Lupo, Pj; Mueller, Ba; Clavel, J; Dockerty, Jd; Ezzat, S; Hansen, J; Heck, Je; Infante-Rivard, C; Magnani, C; Metayer, C; Milne, E; Mora, Am; Petridou, Et; Malagoli, C; Pombo-de-Oliveira, Ms; Roman, E; Schüz, J; Vinceti, M; Spector, Lg; Scheurer, Me
abstract
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2018
- Contaminazione alimentare da piombo e stima dell’assunzione giornaliera in una popolazione del Nord Italia.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Cilloni, S; Filippini, T; Violi, F; Malavolti, M; Malagoli, C; Ferrari, A; Vescovi, L; Vinceti, M.
abstract
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2018
- Correlation between dietary cadmium exposure with biochemical and metabolic parameters: A cross-sectional study in Northern Italy population
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, T; Lasagni, D; Bruzziches, F; Baraldi, C; Malagoli, C; Grioni, S; Sieri, S; Santachiara, A; De Luca, T; Pertinhez, T; Baricchi, R; Vinceti, M.
abstract
Background and aim: Cadmium is a heavy metal classified as carcinogen for humans. It accumulates in the organism, especially in kidney and liver. Recent findings suggested that cadmium could influence human metabolism acting as endocrine disruptor and high cadmium exposure has been associated with impairment of cardiovascular and endocrine systems. This study aims at assessing the dietary intake of cadmium in an Italian community of Northern Italy and to evaluate its correlation with endocrine and metabolic factors. Methods: In a sample adult population of ever smokers from Reggio Emilia Province we estimated dietary cadmium intake through a food frequency questionnaire, validated for the Northern Italy population. From each participant we collected a fasten blood sample for determination of biochemical parameters and hormones levels, including alanine transaminase, blood glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). All subjects who participated to this study signed a written informed consent. Results: We eventually recruited 104 participants (men/women: 46/58), with mean (standard
deviation) dietary intake of cadmium of 16.0 (8.5) μg/day. Correlation between cadmium intake and biochemical factors demonstrated a positive association with total cholesterol levels, blood glucose and TSH. Adjustment for main confounders, including sex, age, and bass index did not substantially alter the results. No clear correlation emerged with other parameters under investigation. Discussion: The results show that in our sampled population, dietary intake of cadmium is similar with other Italian and European populations. They also suggest that cadmium intake could influence the levels of metabolic and other biochemical factor which are important risk factors for chronic cardiovascular and endocrine system diseases.
Acknowledgements
We acknowledge the collaboration of the personnel of Transfusion Medicine Unit of AUSL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, staff and volunteers of AVIS – Section of Reggio Emilia, and all blood donors who participated to this study.
2018
- Correlation between dietary selenium exposure with biochemical and metabolic parameters: a cross-sectional study in Northern Italy population.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Vinceti, M; Lasagni, D; Bruzziches, F; Baraldi, C; Malagoli, C; Grioni, S; Sieri, S; Santachiara, A; De Luca, T; Pertinhez, T; Baricchi, R; Filippini, T.
abstract
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2018
- Diagnostic medical radiation exposure and risk of childhood leukaemia: results from an Italian population-based case-control study.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Cilloni, S; Arcolin, E; Malagoli, C; Filippini, T; Violi, F; Borsari, L; Vinceti, M.
abstract
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2018
- Diagnostic medical radiation exposure and risk of childhood leukemia: results from an Italian population-based case-control study.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, T; Arcolin, E; Malagoli, C; Cilloni, S; Violi, F; Borsari, L; Vinceti, M.
abstract
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2018
- Diet composition and serum levels of selenium species: A cross-sectional study
[Articolo su rivista]
Filippini, Tommaso; Michalke, Bernhard; Wise, Lauren A.; Malagoli, Carlotta; Malavolti, Marcella; Vescovi, Luciano; Salvia, Chiara; Bargellini, Annalisa; Sieri, Sabina; Krogh, Vittorio; Ferrante, Margherita; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Selenium is a trace element of both nutritional and toxicological interest, depending on its dose and chemical form. Diet is the primary source of exposure for most individuals. We sought to investigate the influence of food intake on serum levels of selenium species. Among fifty subjects randomly selected from a Northern Italian population, we assessed dietary habits using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We also measured circulating levels of selenium species in serum using high pressure liquid chromatography associated with inductively-coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometer. Circulating levels of inorganic selenium, the most toxic selenium species, were positively associated with intake of fish, legumes and dry fruits, and inversely associated with intake of dairy products and mushrooms. Concerning the organic selenium species, selenoproteinP-bound selenium was inversely associated with intake of fish, fresh fruits, vegetables, and legumes, while selenocysteine-bound selenium positively associated with intake of fresh fruit, potato, legume and mushroom. In the present study, intakes of different foods were correlated with different types of selenium species. These results have important public health implications when assessing the nutritional and toxicological potential of diet composition with reference to selenium exposure.
2018
- Dietary intake of cadmium, chromium, copper, manganese, selenium and zinc in a Northern Italy community
[Articolo su rivista]
Filippini, T; Cilloni, S; Malavolti, M; Violi, F; Malagoli, C; Tesauro, M; Bottecchi, I; Ferrari, A; Vescovi, L; Vinceti, M
abstract
This study provides the dietary intakes of six trace elements (cadmium, chromium, copper, manganese, selenium and zinc), generally characterized by both nutritional and toxicological features depending on their exposure. Being diet the most relevant source of exposure to trace elements in non-professionally exposed subjects, we measured content of these trace elements in foods composing the typical Italian diet using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and assessing dietary habits using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire we eventually estimated dietary daily intake of trace elements in a Northern Italian community.
In the 890 analyzed food samples, the main contributors to cadmium intake are cereals, vegetables and sweets, while cereals, beverages and vegetable are to primary source of manganese. The primary contributors for copper are cereals, fresh fruits and vegetables, while for chromium are beverages, cereals and meat. The main source of selenium intake are cereals and meat, followed by fish, seafood and milk and dairy products, while of zinc intake are meat, cereals, milk and dairy products. In our Italian population sample, the estimated median (interquartile range) dietary daily intakes are 5.00 (3.17-7.65), 56.70 (36.08-86.70) and 66.53 (40.04-101.32) µg/day for cadmium, chromium and selenium, and corresponding figures are 0.98 (0.61-1.49), 2.34 (1.46-3.52) and 8.50 (5.21-12.48) mg/day for copper, manganese and zinc.
The estimated intakes are generally within the average intake reported in other European populations, and in such cases well above the daily dietary intakes recommended by national international agencies, avoiding the risk of excess or deficiency. The present estimated intake data can be used to examine a specific trace element of interest and would afford enhanced health protection from those trace elements characterized by both nutritional and toxicological effects.
2018
- Dietary intake of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in a Northern Italian community.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Malavolti, M; Filippini, T; Malagoli, C; Cilloni, S; Violi, F; Vescovi, L; Vinceti, M.
abstract
Minerals are essential micronutrients for growth, development, and maintenance of healthy tissues, the long term insufficient intake of minerals may lead to bone demineralization and often requires the use of food supplements. The ratios of certain minerals intake like calcium and phosphorus are also proved to can affect the bioavailability of calcium and even lead to adverse health consequence. This study was designed to explore the dietary sources of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) and the ratios between different minerals (Ca/P). We measured the content of these elements in foods composing typical Italian diet using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and we estimated their daily dietary intakes assessing through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire specifically developed within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study in a Northern Italian Community. In 890 analyzed food samples the main contributors to calcium are milk and dietary products, dry fruits, legumes and sweet products. Important sources of phosphorus are represented by dry fruits, legumes, milk and dairy products and meat. While dry fruits, legumes, cereals and fish symbolized the most important sources for magnesium. In our Italian population sample, the estimated median (interquartile range) dietary daily intakes are 786.3 (592.2-1062.7) μg/day for calcium; 1291.7 (1017.2-1591.4) mg/day for phosphorus and 323.2 (260.3-396.6) mg/day for magnesium. The calcium-phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio in this study was 0.63 (0.52-0.73). These values are in agreement with those suggested by European and International recommended intake for adult population, with the exception of calcium which is slightly lower than recommended values and suggest that this population does not present nutritional deficiencies requiring any supplementation.
2018
- Exposure to electromagnetic fields and risk of childhood leukemia: a population-based case-control study in two Italian provinces.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Malagoli, C; Filippini, T; Storani, S; Violi, F; Fabbi, S; Teggi, S; Ballotti, E; Zanichelli, P; Poli, M; Bruni, M; Sesti, D; Notari, B; Palazzi, G; Vinceti, M.
abstract
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2018
- Exposure to high voltage power lines and risk of childhood leukaemia: an Italian population-based case-control study.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Violi, F; Malagoli, C; Filippini, T; Fabbi, S; Teggi, S; Ballotti, E; Zanichelli, P; Poli, M; Bruni, M; Sesti, D; Notari, B; Vinceti, M.
abstract
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2018
- Food contamination from the food packaging metals aluminum and tin: estimation of their dietary exposure in an Italian adult community.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, T; Tancredi, Stefano; Malagoli, C; Cilloni, S; Malavolti, M; Violi, F; Vescovi, L; Bargellini, A; Vinceti, M.
abstract
2018 Scientific meeting Italian Association for the Study of Trace Elements in living Organisms – AISETOV. Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, October 12, 2018 (ISBN: 9788894309812)
2018
- I fattori ambientali di rischio delle malattie neurodegenerative: prospettive e metodologie di ricerca epidemiologica.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Vinceti, M; Malagoli, C; Filippini, T
abstract
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2018
- Impact of referral sources and waiting times on the failure to quit smoking: One-year follow-up of an italian cohort admitted to a smoking cessation service
[Articolo su rivista]
Borsari, Lucia; Storani, Simone; Malagoli, Carlotta; Filippini, Tommaso; Tamelli, Marco; Malavolti, Marcella; Nicolini, Fausto; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
In Italy, the National Health Service offers specialized evidence-based support to smokers who would like to quit through smoking cessation (SC) services. We conducted a two-year prospective study, involving all 288 subjects treated for smoking cessation at the SC service of Reggio Emilia, to assess the association of referral sources and waiting times with the risk of treatment failure, by following participants up to one year after the quit date. We performed Cox-regression analysis, including demographic and smoking-related characteristics as confounding variables. The treatment failure rate at 12 months was 59.4% (171/288), including only 12 subjects lost to follow-up. The main mode of entry was self-referral (42.4%), followed by 32.6% from general practice, 17.4% from hospital and 7.6% from other sources. Only 27.8% participants were involved in the SC-program within 60 days of the first contact, as the guidelines suggest. The risk of treatment failure at 12 months showed little association with the type of referral source, while it correlated with waiting times ≥ 60 days (hazard ratio = 1.59; 95% confidence interval 1.10-2.29). This study provides evidence of long-term high quit rates from a SC service, with few subjects lost to follow-up and biochemical verification of almost all abstinent subjects. Timeliness in care provision could further improve the outcome.
2018
- Intake of arsenic and mercury from fish and seafood in a Northern Italy community
[Articolo su rivista]
Filippini, Tommaso; Malavolti, Marcella; Cilloni, Silvia; Wise, Lauren A.; Violi, Federica; Malagoli, Carlotta; Vescovi, Luciano; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Regular consumption of fish is generally recommended by authorities because fish is an important source of essential nutrients. However, the presence of potentially toxic contaminants in fish has raised many concerns about the food's safety for human health. In the present study, we used a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess the dietary habits of a representative sample of 719 individuals (319 males and 400 females) aged 18â87 years residing in Northern Italy. We estimated weekly dietary intakes of Arsenic (As) and Mercury (Hg), and we compared them with safety standards set by the European Food Safety Authority. In this population, fish was the main contributor to As and Hg intake. The highest levels of As were in sardine, sole/flounder and cephalopods, and of Hg in the biggest, predatory fish. About the other foods, cereals were the second contributor to the intake of these elements, especially rice for As and bread for Hg, and high levels of As and Hg were also found in mushrooms, coffee and wine. Average weekly intake of both contaminants was below recommended safety limits.
2018
- Investigating the environmental risk factors for childhood leukaemia: the research activity at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Northern Italy.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Vinceti, M; Malagoli, C; Filippini, T; Violi, F; Cilloni, S; Malavolti, M; Borsari, L; Storani, S; Arcolin, E; Palazzi, G; Teggi, S; Fabbi, S; Costanzini, Sofia; Ghermandi, G; Bagni, Enrico
abstract
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2018
- Is there a relation between birth of month and risk of childhood leukaemia? A case-control study in two Italian provinces.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Malavolti, M; Filippini, T; Malagoli, C; Cilloni, S; Borsari, L; Vinceti, M.
abstract
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2018
- Joint Effect of Maternal Tobacco Smoking and Pregestational Diabetes on Preterm Births and Congenital Anomalies: A Population-Based Study in Northern Italy
[Articolo su rivista]
Borsari, Lucia; Malagoli, Carlotta; Werler, Martha M.; Rothman, Kenneth J.; Malavolti, Marcella; Rodolfi, Rossella; De Girolamo, Gianfranco; Nicolini, Fausto; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Smoking and pregestational diabetes (PGD) are recognized risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes, but to date, no population-based study has investigated their joint effects. Using hospital discharges, we identified all women with PGD delivering in Emilia-Romagna region during 2007-2010 matched 1: 5 with parturients without diabetes. Our study endpoints were preterm births and congenital anomalies. We measured interaction between PGD and maternal smoking, by calculating excess prevalence and prevalence ratio due to interaction, relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), and the synergy index (S). Analyses were performed in the overall study population and in the subgroup whose PGD was validated through diabetes registers. The study included 992 women with PGD (10.5% smokers) and 4788 comparison women (11.9% smokers). The effects of PGD and maternal tobacco smoking were greater than additive for both preterm birth (excess prevalence due to interaction = 11.7%, excess ratio due to interaction = 1.5, RERI = 2.39, AP = 0.51, S = 2.82) and congenital anomalies (excess prevalence due to interaction = 2.2%, excess ratio due to interaction = 1.3, RERI = 1.33, AP = 0.49, S = 5.03). Joint effect on both endpoints was confirmed in the subgroup whose PGD status was validated. In conclusion, we found that maternal tobacco smoking and PGD intensify each other's effect on preterm birth and congenital anomalies.
2018
- Livelli di assunzione di selenio in un campione di popolazione italiana e correlazione con parametri metabolici ed ormonali: uno studio trasversale in Emilia Romagna.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Vinceti, M; Lasagni, D; Bruzziches, F; Baraldi, C; Malagoli, C; Grioni, S; Sieri, S; Santachiara, Alessia; De Luca, T; Pertinez, T; Baricchi, R; Filippini, T.
abstract
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2018
- Maternal pregestational diabetes and risk of childhood leukaemia in the offspring: a population-based study in Northern Italy.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Borsari, L; Malagoli, C; della Torre, F; Palazzi, G; Rodolfi, R; Filippini, T; Violi, F; Cilloni, S; Malavolti, M; Nicolini, F; Vinceti, M.
abstract
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2018
- Non-chromosomal congenital anomalies and risk of childhood leukaemia: a Italian population-based case-control study.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Malagoli, C; Filippini, T; Malavolti, M; Volpato, S; Astolfi, G; Palazzi, G; Vinceti, M.
abstract
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2018
- Non-chromosomal congenital anomalies and risk of childhood leukaemia: An Italian population-based case-control study
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Malagoli, C; Filippini, T; Malavolti, M; Volpato, S; Astolfi, G; Palazzi, G; Vinceti, M
abstract
Introduction: The association between chromosomal conditions such as Down syndrome and increased CL risk of childhood leukemia (CL) is well established, while the association between non-chromosomal birth defects is far less clear. We conducted a population-based case-control study in two provinces of Northern Italy to evaluate CL risk in children born with non-chromosomal anomalies.
Methods: We identified all leukemia cases diagnosed in children (<15 years) in the Modena and Reggio Emilia provinces through the Italian National Childhood Cancer Register in the period 1998-2013. For each case, we randomly selected four population controls matched by age, sex, province of residence and calendar year. Through the Emilia-Romagna Region population-based Birth Defects Registry, we retrieved information about occurrence and type of congenital malformations for each study subject. We computed the odds ratio (OR) of CL for children affected by non-chromosomal birth defects using a multivariable conditional logistic regression model.
Results: We eventually included 132 cases and 528 controls, 5 of which (2 cases and 3 controls) were affected by a non-chromosomal congenital malformation. We found an increased risk of CL in children born with non-chromosomal anomalies, with an OR of 2.7 (95% confidence interval 0.4–16.0).
Conclusions: Despite the limited stability of the risk estimates and the risk of unmeasured and residual confounding, our study appears to suggest an association between non-chromosomal birth defects and risk of childhood leukemia.
2018
- Outdoor air pollution and risk of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia: a cohort study.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, T; Chiari, A; Zamboni, G; Tondelli, M; Vinceti, G; Maffeis, G; Cherubini, A; Malagoli, C; Vinceti, M.
abstract
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2018
- Proximity to Overhead Power Lines and Childhood Leukemia: An International Pooled Analysis
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Amoon, A; Crespi, Cm; Ahlbom, A; Bhatnagar, M; Bray, I; Bunch, K; Clavel, J; Feychting, M; Hemon, D; Johansen, C; Kreis, C; Malagoli, C; Marquant, F; Pedersen, C; Raaschou-Nielsen, O; Roosli, M; Spycher, B; Sudan, M; Swanson, J; Tittarelli, A; Tuck, D; Tynes, T; Vergara, X; Vinceti, M; Wünsch-Filho, V; Kheifets, L.
abstract
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2018
- Proximity to overhead power lines and childhood leukemia: an international pooled analysis
[Articolo su rivista]
Amoon, Aryana; Crespi, Catherine; Ahlbom, Anders; Bhatnagar, Megha; Bray, Issy; Bunch, Kathryn; Clavel, Jacqueline; Feychting, Maria; Hemon, Denis; Johansen, Christoffer; Kreis, Christian; Malagoli, Carlotta; Marquant, Fabienne; Pedersen, Camilla; Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole; Roosli, Martin; Spycher, Ben; Sudan, Madhuri; Swanson, John; Tittarelli, Andrea; Tuck, Dierdre; Tynes, Tore; Vergara, Ximena; Vinceti, Marco; Wunsch Filho, Victor; Kheifets, Leeka
abstract
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2018
- Residence near electrical transformer rooms and risk of childhood leukaemia: an Italian population-based case-control study.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, T; Storani, S; Malagoli, C; Fabbi, S; Teggi, S; Sesti, D; Notari, B; Zanichelli, P; Poli, M; Palazzi, G; Vinceti, M.
abstract
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2018
- Risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and passive residential exposure to pesticides: comparison of questionnaire-based with gis-based exposure assessment methods
[Abstract in Rivista]
Filippini, Tommaso; Malagoli, Carlotta; Costanzini, Sofia; Violi, Federica; Cilloni, Silvia; Teggi, Sergio; Fiore, Maria; Ferrante, Margherita; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
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2018
- The new-old exposure to lead: assessment of food contamination and estimation of dietary intake in a Northern Italy population.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, T; Malavolti, M; Cilloni, S; Violi, F; Malagoli, C; Vescovi, L; Vinceti, M.
abstract
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2017
- A selenium species in cerebrospinal fluid predicts conversion to Alzheimer's dementia in persons with mild cognitive impairment
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Chiari, Annalisa; Eichmüller, Marcel; Rothman, Kenneth J; Filippini, Tommaso; Malagoli, Carlotta; Weuve, Jennifer; Tondelli, Manuela; Zamboni, Giovanna; Nichelli, Paolo F; Michalke, Bernhard
abstract
Little is known about factors influencing progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's dementia. A potential role of environmental chemicals and specifically of selenium, a trace element of nutritional and toxicological relevance, has been suggested. Epidemiologic studies of selenium are lacking, however, with the exception of a recent randomized trial based on an organic selenium form.
2017
- Air dispersion modelling for the evaluation of population exposure to pollutants emitted by complex areal sources.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Costanzini, Sofia; Teggi, Sergio; Bigi, Alessandro; Ghermandi, Grazia; Filippini, Tommaso; Malagoli, Carlotta; Vinceti, Marco; Nannini, R.
abstract
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2017
- Capitolo 3: Determinanti di salute e malattia
[Capitolo/Saggio]
Vinceti, M; Balzarini, F; Filippini, T; Malagoli, C
abstract
2017
- Comparative methods to estimate cadmium intake in an Italian population
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, T; Malagoli, C; Michalke, B; Vinceti, M.
abstract
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2017
- Comparison of questionnaire exposure data to land cover map from geographical information system to assess passive exposure to pesticides: a methodological study
[Abstract in Rivista]
Filippini, T; Malagoli, C; Fiore, M; Violi, F; Costanzini, S; Ledda, C; Mauceri, C; Dimartino, A; Mandrioli, J; Fini, N; Patti, F; Teggi, S; Ferrante, M; Vinceti, M
abstract
Background: Exposure assessment based on questionnaires is frequently implemented in case-control studies, but possible information and recall bias could lead to misclassification of exposure.
Methods: We evaluated passive exposure to pesticides as possible environmental risk factors for amyotrophic lateral scle-rosis (ALS) using a questionnaire mailed to participants in a case-control study in Emilia Romagna and Sicily. Results from questionnaire assessment were com-pared with a remote sensing methodology based on geographical information system, i.e. the land use within a circular 100-meter area around subjects' residence. Since land cover maps were made available only about once every ten years, we used the 2003 and 2009 maps for Emilia-Romagna and Sicily, respectively. Thus, we estimated the percent-age of 'recent' total crop density close to each participant's home, setting positive exposure above 10% of land use. Finally, we calculated the agreement between the two different methodologies using Cohen‟s kappa coefficients for all subjects, cases and controls.
Results and Conclusions: Cohen's kappa was 0.364 (95% CI 0.158-0.569) in total population, 0.378 (0.056-0.700) in cases and 0.354 (0.090-0.618) in controls using the most recent land use map available close to year of case diagnosis. Although a moderate-to-low agreement could be seen between two exposure methods, similar results were found in both cases and controls, suggesting that no recall bias occurred in the most recent period.
In the future, we plan to compare such agreement using historical residence over the 20-30 years prior to diagnosis, in order to validate the long-term exposure to pesticides in subjects.
2017
- Correlation between intake and biomarker levels of cadmium and selenium in an Italian population: implications for biomonitoring studies.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Malavolti, M; Filippini, T; Malagoli, C; Cilloni, S; Venturelli, M; Michalke, B; Vinceti, M.
abstract
.
2017
- Correlazione tra cadmio e selenio in un campione di popolazione modenese: implicazioni per studi di biomonitoraggio
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Malavolti, M; Filippini, T; Malagoli, C; Cilloni, S; Venturelli, M; Michalke, B; Vinceti, M.
abstract
.
2017
- Determinants of serum manganese levels in an Italian population.
[Articolo su rivista]
Filippini, Tommaso; Michalke, B; Grill, P; Malagoli, Carlotta; Malavolti, Marcella; Vescovi, L; Sieri, S; Krogh, V; Cherubini, A; Maffeis, G; Lucchini, R; Ferrante, M; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Manganese (Mn) is both essential and toxic for humans, mainly depending on the total levels and its species. Main sources of exposure include food and air pollution, particularly motorized traffic. We sought to determine the potential influence of these sources on serum total levels of Mn and Mn species. We selected a random sample of municipality residents from an Italian urban municipality, from whom we collected detailed personal information, dietary habits and a blood sample for serum Mn determination. We also assessed outdoor air Mn exposure, by modeling levels of particulate matter ≤10 µm (PM10) from motorized traffic at the residence of geocoded subjects. Serum Mn species generally showed higher levels in males and positive correlation with age, while no such differences were found according to smoking habits or use of dietary supplements. Among nutrients, only iron intake showed a relation with Mn [an inverse correlation with Mn‑ferritin (Mn‑Fer) and a direct one with inorganic‑Mn (Inorg‑Mn)]. Meat consumption directly correlated and fish and seafood inversely correlated with total Mn, Mn‑transferrin (Mn‑Tf) and Mn-citrate (Mn-Cit). Fruits and vegetables, including legumes and nuts, generally showed a positive correlation with all Mn species, especially Mn‑Cit, and an inverse one with Inorg‑Mn. Odds ratios (ORs) of having serum Mn levels above median value increased with increasing PM10 tertiles, with an OR for highest‑to‑lowest tertile of 7.40 (1.36‑40.25) in multivariate analysis. Analyses for Mn species did not highlight a clear comparable pattern. In conclusion, our results seem to demonstrate that PM10 exposure positively influences total Mn serum levels, while single Mn species show conflicting results.
2017
- Dietary determinants of serum selenium species in Italian populations
[Abstract in Rivista]
Filippini, Tommaso; Michalke, Bernhard; Salvia, Chiara; Malagoli, Carlotta; Malavolti, Marcella; Grill, Peter; Vescovi, Luciano; Sieri, Sabina; Krogh, Vittorio; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
We investigated the correlation between dietary habits with
serum levels of selenium (Se) species collected from an Italian
community. Consumption of food items was assessed using a food
frequency questionnaire. Cereal intake showed a positive relation
with total and organic Se, but null/negative with inorganic Se.
Fish and seafood positively correlated with inorganic Se and negatively
with organic Se. Correlations were generally negative/null in
vegetables (only Se-Cys was positively correlated), while in fruits
they were positive with organic species, mainly Se-Cys. Legumes
showed inverse relation with overall organic Se, but positive with
Se-Cys, Se-TrXr and inorganic Se. Correlation of potatoes intake was
negative with Se forms, except a positive one with Se-Cys and selenate.
Our results show highly specific associations between intake
of selected foods and circulating Se species levels.
2017
- Environmental and occupational exposure to heavy metals and metalloid and development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population-based case control study in Emilia-Romagna and Sicily.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Violi, F; Filippini, T; Malagoli, C; Fiore, M; Ledda, C; Mauceri, C; Dimartino, A; Mandrioli, J; Fini, N; Patti, F; Ferrante, M; Vinceti, M.
abstract
.
2017
- Fattori di rischio ambientali e occupazionali per la sclerosi laterale amiotrofica: uno studio caso-controllo di popolazione in Emilia Romagna e Sicilia
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Violi, F; Filippini, T; Malagoli, C; Fiore, M; Ledda, C; Mauceri, Mc; Dimartino, A; Mandrioli, J; Fini, N; Patti, F; Ferrante, M; Vinceti, M.
abstract
.
2017
- Fattori di rischio ambientali e occupazionali per la sclerosi laterale amiotrofica: uno studio caso-controllo di popolazione in Emilia Romagna e Sicilia.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, T; Fiore, M; Violi, F; Malagoli, C; Ledda, C; Mauceri, C; Dimartino, A; Mandrioli, J; Fini, N; Patti, F; Ferrante, M; Vinceti, M.
abstract
Introduzione
La Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica (SLA) è una malattia neurodegenerativa che colpisce sia i motoneuroni inferiori del tronco encefalico e del midollo spinale, sia i motoneuroni superiori della corteccia motoria. La perdita di questi neuroni conduce ad atrofia e debolezza muscolare, fascicolazioni e spasticità. Ad eccezione di alcune forme genetiche, l’eziologia rimane tutt’ora ignota.
Obiettivi
Abbiamo realizzato uno studio caso-controllo di popolazione in due province emiliane (Modena, Reggio Emilia) e in una provincia siciliana (Catania), al fine di valutare il ruolo di alcuni fattori ambientali e occupazionali sul rischio di SLA.
Metodi
Al fine di identificare tutti i casi incidenti di SLA diagnosticati nel periodo 2008-2011 nelle tre province in studio sono stati utilizzati i dati provenienti dal Registro SLA della Regione Emilia-Romagna integrato con i flussi informativi degli archivi della banca dati SDO, delle prescrizioni farmacologiche e delle schede di morte. I controlli sono stati estratti con procedura casuale dalla popolazione generale mediante gli archivi degli assistiti AUSL. A ciascun paziente (o alle loro famiglie nel caso di decesso) ed ai relativi controlli è stato inviato per via postale un questionario che prevedeva la raccolta di informazioni personali, cliniche e generali.
Risultati
In totale sono stati raccolti 162 questionari (61 casi e 101 controlli, tasso di risposta medio di 18,5%). I risultati ottenuti dall’analisi dei questionari mostrano un aumentato rischio per aver svolto attività lavorativa in ambito agricolo (odds ratio- OR = 2.44 (intervallo di confidenza – IC 95% 1.02-5.79), per chi avesse svolto attività lavorativa da saldatore OR = 1.25 (IC 95% 0.27-5.80). In riferimento alla storia occupazionale, abbiamo evidenziato un aumentato rischio derivante da esposizione a metalli pesanti, tra cui piombo (OR=3.40, IC 95% 1.40-8.56) e mercurio (OR=6.86, IC 95% 0.75-62.88), e pesticidi, tra cui insetticidi (OR=1.61, IC 95% 0.77-3.34), erbicidi (OR=1.89, IC 95% 0.75-4.77) e fungicidi (OR=1.93, IC 95% 0.70-5.30).
Conclusioni
Sebbene tali risultati debbano essere considerati con cautela per l’eventualità della presenza di bias di selezione e di informazione, tuttavia suggeriscono un potenziale ruolo eziologico nello sviluppo della forma sporadica di SLA di due categorie di sostanze dal potenziale neurotossico come metalli pesanti e pesticidi
2017
- Glycaemic index, glycaemic load and risk of cutaneous melanoma in a population-based, case-control study
[Articolo su rivista]
Malavolti, Marcella; Malagoli, Carlotta; Crespi, Cm; Brighenti, F; Agnoli, C; Sieri, S; Krogh, V; Fiorentini, Chiara; Farnetani, Francesca; Longo, Caterina; Ricci, C; Albertini, G; Lanzoni, A; Veneziano, L; Virgili, A; Pagliarello, C; Feliciani, C; Fanti, Pa; Dika, E; Pellacani, Giovanni; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) are indicators of dietary carbohydrate quantity and quality and have been associated with increased risk of certain cancers and type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance has been associated with increased melanoma risk. However, GI and GL have not been investigated for melanoma. We present the first study to examine the possible association of GI and GL with melanoma risk. We carried out a population-based, case-control study involving 380 incident cases of cutaneous melanoma and 719 age- and sex-matched controls in a northern Italian region. Dietary GI and GL were computed for each subject using data from a self-administered, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We computed the odds ratio (OR) for melanoma according to quintiles of distribution of GL and GL among controls. A direct association between melanoma risk and GL emerged in females (OR 2·38; 95 % CI 1·25, 4·52 for the highest v. the lowest quintile of GL score, P for trend 0·070) but not in males. The association in females persisted in the multivariable analysis after adjusting for several potential confounders. There was no evidence of an association between GI and melanoma risk. GL might be associated with melanoma risk in females.
2017
- Inorganic selenium exposure in drinking water and cancer incidence: a natural experiment
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Vinceti, M; Malagoli, C; Malavolti, M; Filippini, T; Cilloni, S; Wisen, L; Sacchettini, C; Vicentini, M; Ballotari, Paola; Giorgi Rossi, P.
abstract
.
2017
- Magnetic fields exposure from high-voltage power lines and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in two Italian populations
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Fabbi, Sara; Kheifets, Leeka; Violi, Federica; Poli, Maurizio; Caldara, Salvatore; Sesti, Daniela; Violanti, Silvia; Zanichelli, Paolo; Notari, Barbara; Fava, Roberto; Arena, Alessia; Calzolari, Roberta; Filippini, Tommaso; Iacuzio, Laura; Arcolin, Elisa; Mandrioli, Jessica; Fini, Nicola; Odone, Anna; Signorelli, Carlo; Patti, Francesco; Zappia, Mario; Pietrini, Vladimiro; Oleari, Paola; Teggi, Sergio; Ghermandi, Grazia; Dimartino, Angela; Ledda, Caterina; Mauceri, Cristina; Sciacca, Salvatore; Fiore, Maria; Ferrante, Margherita
abstract
The aetiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a rare and extremely severe neurodegenerative disease, has been
associated with magnetic fields exposure. However, evidence for such a relation in the general population is weak, although
the previous null results might also be due to exposure misclassification, or a relationship might exist only for selected
subgroups. To test such a hypothesis we carried out a population-based case-control study in two Northern and Southern
Italy regions, including 703 ALS cases newly diagnosed from 1998 to 2011 and 2737 controls randomly selected from the
residents in the study provinces. Overall, we found that a residence near high-voltage power lines, within the corridors
yielding a magnetic fields of 0.1 lT, was not associated with an excess disease risk, nor did we identify a dose-response
relationship after splitting the exposed corridor according to the 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 lT cut-points of exposure. These results
were confirmed taking into account age at onset, period of diagnosis, sex, geographical area, and length of exposure.
Overall, despite the residual possibility of unmeasured confounding or small susceptible subgroups not identified in our
study, these results appear to confirm that the exposure to magnetic fields from power lines occurring in the general
population is not associated with increased ALS risk.
2017
- Methods to assess cadmium intake in biomonitoring surveys
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, T; Michalke, B; Malagoli, C; Vinceti, M.
abstract
.
2017
- Metodologie per la valutazione dell’intake del cadmio a partire da studi di biomonitoraggio.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, T; Malagoli, C; Michalke, B; Vinceti, M.
abstract
.
2017
- Pesticide exposure assessed through agricultural crop proximity and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Filippini, Tommaso; Violi, Federica; Rothman, Kenneth J.; Costanzini, Sofia; Malagoli, Carlotta; Wise, Lauren A.; Odone, Anna; Signorelli, Carlo; Iacuzio, Laura; Arcolin, Elisa; Mandrioli, Jessica; Fini, Nicola; Patti, Francesco; Fermo, Salvatore Lo; Pietrini, Vladimiro; Teggi, Sergio; Ghermandi, Grazia; Scillieri, Renato; Ledda, Caterina; Mauceri, Cristina; Sciacca, Salvatore; Fiore, Maria; Ferrante, Margherita
abstract
Background: Epidemiologic studies have raised the possibility that some pesticide compounds induce the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), though the available evidence is not entirely consistent. Methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study in two Italian populations to assess the extent to which residence in the vicinity of agricultural crops associated with the application of neurotoxic pesticides is a risk factor for ALS, using crop acreage in proximity to the residence as an index of exposure. Results: Based on 703 cases and 2737 controls, we computed an ALS odds ratio of 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.78-1.09) for those in proximity to agricultural land. Results were not substantially different when using alternative exposure categories or when analyzing specific crop types, with the exception of a higher risk related to exposure to citrus orchards and olive groves in Southern Italy, though based on few exposed subjects (N = 89 and 8, respectively). There was little evidence of any dose-response relation between crop proximity and ALS risk, and using long-term residence instead of current residence did not substantially change our estimates. Conclusions: Though our index of exposure is indirect and subject to considerable misclassification, our results offer little support for the hypothesis that neurotoxic pesticide exposure increases ALS risk.
2017
- Pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: a case-control study.
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Violi, Federica; Tzatzarakis, M; Mandrioli, J; Malagoli, Carlotta; Hatch, Ee; Fini, N; Fasano, Antonio; Rakitskii, Vn; Kalantzi, Oi; Tsatsakis, A.
abstract
Neurotoxic chemicals including several pesticides have been suggested to play a role in the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We investigated the relation between organochlorine pesticides and their metabolites (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the etiology of sporadic ALS, determining for the first time their levels in cerebrospinal fluid as indicator of antecedent exposure. We recruited 38 ALS patients and 38 controls referred to an Italian clinical center for ALS care, who underwent a lumbar puncture for diagnostic purposes between 1994-2013, and had 1mL of cerebrospinal fluid available for the determination of OCPs, PCBs and PAHs. Many chemicals were undetectable in both case and control CSF samples, and we found little evidence of any increased disease risk according to higher levels of exposure. Among males >60 years, we found a slight but statistically very unstable increased ALS risk with higher levels of the congener PCB 28 and the OCP metabolite p,p'-DDE. Overall, these results do not suggest an involvement of the neurotoxic chemicals investigated in this study in disease etiology, although small numbers limited the precision of our results.
2017
- Selenium in human neurodegenerative diseases: friend or foe?
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Vinceti, M; Filippini, T; Malagoli, C.
abstract
.
2017
- Selenium levels in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Vinceti, M; Chiari, A; Eichmüller, M; Rothman K., J; Filippini, T; Malagoli, C; Weuve, J; Tondelli, M; Zamboni, G; Nichelli P., F; Michalke, B.
abstract
.
2017
- Selenium, zinc and copper content of foods consumed in an Italian community
[Abstract in Rivista]
Cilloni, Silvia; Malavolti, Marcella; Malagoli, Carlotta; Violi, Federica; Filippini, Tommaso; Vescovi, Luciano; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
This study aimed to determine the concentrations of selenium,
zinc and copper in foods generally composing the diet of Northern
Italy population in order to implement a database of the quantitative
content for each of the three trace elements, according to
food category intake. Food samples were collected from (small to
large) distribution markets in triplicates and trace elements determination
was performed with ICP-MS after sample mineralization.
We found the highest levels of selenium in meat (202g/kg),
fish and seafood (489), dry fruits (314) and legumes (220). The
level of zinc was higher in cereal products (11.7 mg/kg), meat
(28.4), dairy products (18.8), legumes (21.2) and dry fruits (37.8).
Finally, the highest concentration of copper was found in dry fruits
(14.9 mg/kg), legumes (6.2), sweets (4.1) and meat (3.7). Our findings
will allow to estimate dietary trace elements exposure which
could be useful for both toxicological and epidemiological studies.
2017
- Stima dell’assunzione settimanale di cadmio in un campione di popolazione italiana: metodologie a confronto
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, T; Malagoli, C; Michalke, B; Vinceti, M.
abstract
Introduzione:
Il cadmio (Cd) è un metallo carcinogeno per l’uomo introdotto principalmente con la dieta nei soggetti non fumatori e non esposti professionalmente. La dose settimanale ammissibile di Cd è stata recentemente abbassata a 2,5 μg/kg di peso corporeo (bw) a settimana dall’Agenzia Europea per la Sicurezza Alimentare (EFSA) al fine di assicurare un alto livello di protezione per la popolazione. Nella presente indagine abbiamo messo a confronto due differenti modelli atti a stimare l’assunzione settimanale di Cd.
Materiali e Metodi
In un campione casuale di residenti adulti del comune di Modena è stato somministrato un questionario al fine di raccogliere informazioni sulle caratteristiche individuali, gli stili di vita e le abitudini alimentari. Inoltre è stato misurato il livello di Cd in un campione di siero. Sono stati dunque costruiti in base ai dati di letteratura due modelli per stimare la dose settimanale di Cd a partire rispettivamente dall’intake calcolato tramite il questionario alimentare e dai livelli nel biomarcatore, tenendo in considerazione il rapporto tra Cd sierico e totale, la percentuale di assorbimento del Cd assunto con la dieta e il contributo relativo del fumo di sigaretta.
Risultati
Nei 51 soggetti reclutati, l’intake giornaliero medio (deviazione standard: DS) di Cd è risultato pari a 14,1 µg/die (DS 6,5) e la concentrazione media di Cd sierico a 45 ng/L (DS 24,0). Abbiamo in tal modo potuto stimare un’assunzione settimanale media pari a 1,38 (DS 0,41; range 0,26-3,18) µg/kg/bw a partire dalla dieta e di 0,78 (DS 0,68; range 0,27-2,47) µg/kg/bw a partire dai livelli del biomarcatore.
Conclusioni
Nel campione di popolazione esaminato abbiamo riscontrato un livello medio di assunzione settimanale di Cd più elevato nel caso di stima effettuata tramite questionario alimentare rispetto a quella con il biomarcatore. Le differenze riscontrate confrontando i due modelli sottolineano la necessità di valutare con attenzione il rapporto tra l’intake alimentare e i livelli di Cd nei biomarcatori, soprattutto al fine di valutare l’esposizione individuale. Sulla base delle stime effettuate mediante la somministrazione del questionario, per alcuni soggetti la dose di Cd è risultata superiore al valore di riferimento stabilito dall’EFSA, mettendo in luce un possibile rischio per la salute.
2017
- Toenail selenium as an indicator of environmental exposure: A cross-sectional study.
[Articolo su rivista]
Filippini, Tommaso; Ferrari, Angela; Michalke, B; Grill, P; Vescovi, L; Salvia, Chiara; Malagoli, Carlotta; Malavolti, Marcella; Sieri, S; Krogh, V; Bargellini, Annalisa; Martino, Antonio; Ferrante, M; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
The relation between toxicity and essentiality of selenium (Se) is of growing interest in human health, as the effects may widely differ depending of its different chemical species and the exposure levels. Toenail Se has been proposed as a reliable biomarker of long-term Se exposure, but few studies investigated the correlation between its toenail content and environmental determinants (i.e., dietary food intake). We aimed to determine the relation of toenail Se levels with serum Se species as well as food items. We recruited a random sample of Modena (Northern Italy) municipal residents, from whom we collected detailed personal information, dietary habits, toenail specimen for Se determination and a blood sample for serum Se speciation analysis. Toenail Se mean value was 0.96 µg/g (range, 0.47‑1.60), with slightly higher levels in females, in non-obese subjects and in Se supplements users, while it was lower in current smokers. Toenail Se positively correlated with organic Se forms, mainly selenoprotein P and selenocysteine, and inversely with the inorganic forms (selenite and selenate). Toenail Se was not associated with meat, cereals and dairy products consumption, positively correlated with fruit and slightly with vegetable intake, and negatively with fish and seafood consumption. Finally, no clear association emerged with estimated air Se exposure.
2017
- Trace element speciation in the cerebrospinal fluid samples from the patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Solovyev, N; Mandrioli, J; Vinceti, M; Malagoli, C; Lucio, M; Michalke, B.
abstract
.
2017
- Trace element species and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with disease associated genetic mutations
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Nikolay, Solovyev; Mandrioli, Jessica; Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Marianna, Lucio; Bernhard, Michalke
abstract
Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disease with mostly unknown eti-ology. Certain genetic mutations are associated with the disease; however, the role of environmental factors, such as exposure to metals and organic pollutants is also widely discussed in the literature. ALS, as other neurodegenerative disorders, is related to the brain oxidative stress, so the disturbance of redox homeostasis may be anticipated for such elements as selenium (Se), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn).
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate a possible alteration of trace element (Se, Cu, Mn, and Fe) homeostasis in the ALS patients with disease associated gene mutations.
Methods: We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 9 patients with ALS-associated muta-tions (C9ORF72, SOD1, FUS, TARDBP, ATXN2, and TUBA4A) and 42 age- and gender-matched controls. Advanced speciation techniques were used to quantify redox forms of Cu (I/II), Mn (II/III), and Fe (II/III) and Se species (selenoprotein P, glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, selenite, selenate, and human serum bound-Se). For the separation of Se species strong anion exchange chromatography (SAX) was used, whereas Cu, Mn, and Fe redox forms were separated by strong cation exchange (SCX). For the species detection, inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-sf-MS), op-erated at high resolution for Se or medium resolution for Cu, Fe, and Mn was employed. Standard compounds and spikings were used for peak assignment. External calibration vs. matching to the total content of the elements, measured by inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spec-trometry, was used for species quantification.
Results: The analytical schemes of species quantification, using SAX-ICP-sf-MS [1] and SCX-ICP-sf-MS [2], have been optimized. The difference in Cu(II) and some Se species were found to be altered in the CSF of the ALS patients with disease-associated mutations. Also, since multi-element speciation had been performed for the same set of CSF samples, some inter-element correlations were observed (be-tween Fe and Se species, Mn and Fe, Mn and Cu).
Conclusion: Despite the limited sample size, we could presume a distortion in trace element metabo-lism, reflected the altered speciation of Cu and Se in the CSF. However, more insight is required to understand if these findings are an innocent bystander to the pathological changes in the ALS brain or has its own relevant role in the etiopathogenesis of the disease.
2017
- Validity of hospital discharge records to identify pregestational diabetes in an Italian population
[Articolo su rivista]
Borsari, Lucia; Malagoli, Carlotta; Ballottari, Paola; De Girolamo, Gianfranco; Bonora, Karin; Violi, Federica; Capelli, Oreste; Rodolfi, Rossella; Nicolini, Fausto; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
.AIMS:
In recent years, the prevalence of pregestational diabetes (PGDM) and the concern about the possibility of adverse pregnancy outcomes in affected women have been increasing. Routinely collected health data represent a timely and cost-efficient approach in PGDM epidemiological research. This study aims to evaluate the reliability of hospital discharge (HD) coding to identify a population-based cohort of pregnant women with PGDM and to assess trends in prevalence in two provinces of Northern Italy.
METHODS:
We selected all deliveries occurred in the period 1997-2010 with ICD-9-CM codes for PGDM in HD record and we matched up to 5 controls from mothers without diabetes. We used Diabetes Registers (DRs) as the gold standard for validation analysis.
RESULTS:
We selected 3800 women, 653 with diabetes and 3147 without diabetes. The agreement between HD records and DRs was 90.7%, with K=0.58. We detected 350 false positives and only 1 false negative. Sensitivity was 99.3%, specificity 90.0%, positive predictive value 46.4% and negative predictive value 99.9%. Of the false positives, 48.6% had gestational diabetes and 2.3% impaired glucose tolerance. After the validation process, PGDM prevalence decreased from 4.4 to 2.0 per 1000 deliveries.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results show that HD facilitate detection of almost all PGDM cases, but they also include a large number of false positives, mainly due to gestational diabetes. This misclassification causes a large overestimation of PGMD prevalence. Our findings require accuracy evaluation of ICD-9-CM codes, before they can be widely applied to epidemiological research and public health surveillance related to PGDM.
2017
- 112. Bonvicini F, Fornaciari R, Casoni C, Marchesi C, Monici L, Cilloni S, Malagoli C, Greci M, Vinceti M. Epidemiologia della forma attiva e latente di tubercolosi in un gruppo di immigrati irregolari visitati presso il centro della salute per la famiglia straniera (CSFS) dell’azienda Ausl di Reggio Emilia. 50° Congresso Nazionale SItI. Torino 20-22 Novembre 2017
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Bonvicini, F; Fornaciari, R; Casoni, C; Marchesi, C; Monici, L; Cilloni, S; Malagoli, C; Greci, M; Vinceti, M.
abstract
.
2016
- Determinants of serum cadmium levels in a Northern Italy community: A cross-sectional study.
[Articolo su rivista]
Filippini, Tommaso; Michalke, B; Malagoli, Carlotta; Grill, P; Bottecchi, Iliaria; Malavolti, Marcella; Vescovi, L; Sieri, S; Krogh, V; Cherubini, A; Maffeis, G; Modenesi, M; Castiglia, P; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Introduction
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal and a serious environmental hazard to humans. Some uncertainties still exist about major sources of Cd exposure in non-occupationally exposed subjects in addition to cigarette smoking, such as diet and outdoor air pollution. We sought to determine the influence of these sources on a biomarker of exposure, serum Cd concentration.
Methods
We recruited 51 randomly selected residents from an Italian urban community, from whom we obtained detailed information about dietary habits and smoking habits, and a blood sample for serum Cd determination. We also assessed outdoor air Cd exposure, by modeling outdoor air levels of particulate matter ≤10 µm (PM10) from motorized traffic at geocoded subjects’ residence.
Results
In crude analysis, regression beta coefficients for dietary Cd, smoking and PM10 on serum Cd levels were 0.03 (95% CI -0.83 to 0.88), 6.96 (95% CI -0.02 to 13.95) and 0.62 (95% CI -0.19 to 1.43), respectively. In the adjusted analysis, regression beta coefficients were -0.34 (95% CI -1-40 to 0.71), 5.81 (95% CI -1.43 to 13.04) and 0.47 (95% CI -0.35 to 1.29), respectively.
Conclusion
Cigarette smoking was the most important factor influencing serum Cd in our non-occupationally exposed population, as expected, while dietary Cd was not associated with this biomarker. Outdoor air pollution, as assessed through exposure to particulate matter generated by motorized traffic, was an additional source of Cd exposure.
2016
- Does maternal exposure to benzene and PM10 during pregnancy increase the risk of congenital anomalies? A population-based case-control study
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Malavolti, Marcella; Cherubini, Andrea; Maffeis, Giuseppe; Rodolfi, Rossella; Heck, Julia E; Astolfi, Gianni; Calzolari, Elisa; Nicolini, Fausto
abstract
A few studies have suggested an association between maternal exposure to ambient air pollution from vehicular traffic and risk of congenital anomalies in the offspring, but epidemiologic evidence is neither strong nor entirely consistent. In a population-based case-control study in a Northern Italy community encompassing 228 cases of birth defects and 228 referent newborns, we investigated if maternal exposure to PM10 and benzene from vehicular traffic during early pregnancy, as estimated through a dispersion model, was associated with excess teratogenic risk. In conditional logistic regression analysis, and with adjustment for the other pollutant, we found that higher exposure to PM10 but not benzene was associated with increased risk of birth defects overall. Anomaly categories showing the strongest dose-response relation with PM10 exposure were musculoskeletal and chromosomal abnormalities but not cardiovascular defects, with Down syndrome being among the specific abnormalities showing the strongest association, though risk estimates particularly for the less frequent defects were statistically very unstable. Further adjustment in the regression model for potential confounders did not considerably alter the results. All the associations were stronger for average levels of PM10 than for their maximal level. Findings of this study give some support for an excess teratogenic risk following maternal exposure during pregnancy to PM10, but not benzene. Such association appears to be limited to some birth defect categories.
2016
- Environmental and occupational risk factors of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population-based case control study
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Violi, Federica; Fiore, Maria; Filippini, Tommaso; Malagoli, Carlotta; Ledda, Caterina; Mauceri, Cristina; Dimartino, Angela; Mandrioli, Jessica; Fini, Nicola; Patti, Francesco; Ferrante, Margherita; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Background and aims
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the motor neuron. Its etiology is still largely unknown, except for some rare forms of genetic origin, but environmental factors may have an important role.
Methods
We performed a population case-control study in three Italian provinces (Modena, Reggio Emilia and Catania) in order to assess the possible etiologic role of some environmental factors. We administered 877 questionnaires by mail or by person in a neurological office to collect information about personal, clinical and professional history to ALS cases newly diagnosed in the 2008-2011 period and age- and sex-matched population controls.
Results
Analysis of the returned questionnaires (18,5%, 61 cases and 101 controls) showed an increased risk when examining clinical information for reported trauma (OR 1.20, 95%CI 0.63-2.30), head (OR 3.04, 1.23-7.55) and chest trauma (OR 2.65, 95%CI 0.72-9.78). History of previous fractures has an OR of 1.10 (95%CI 0.58-2.11), but for head fracture OR raised to 5.17 (95%CI 0.53-50.88). With reference to occupational history an excess of risk was found for employment in agriculture (OR 2.44, 95%CI 1.03-5.79) and for welding (OR 1.25, 95%CI 0.27-5.80). Occupational exposure to lead (OR 1.27, 95%CI 0.74-2.17), thinners (OR 1.12, 95%CI 0.66-1.91) and solvents (toluene/xylene) (OR 1.24, 95%CI 0.72-2.13) provide some excess risk. Considering 'extra-working' activities, we found an excess disease risk for hunting (OR 1.69, 95%CI 0.33-8.65), painting (OR 1.46, 95%CI 0.47-4.58), modelling with glue (OR 1.72, 95%CI 0.57-5.17), gardening (OR 1.15, 95%CI 0.64-2.08), football (OR 1.04, 95%CI 0.44-2.47) and pesticides (OR 1.98, 95%CI 0.76-5.12) and herbicides use (OR 2.27, 95%CI 0.72-7.19).
Conclusions
Thoughthese results must be assessed with caution for the risk of selection and information bias, they suggest potential etiologic clues to ALS etiology which are worthy of further study.
2016
- Esposizione passiva a pesticidi e rischio di leucemia infantile.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Malavolti, Marcella; Costanzini, Sofia; Fabbi, Sara; Teggi, Sergio; Arcolin, Elisa; De Girolamo, G; Oleari, P; Palazzi, G; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Esposizione passiva a pesticidi e rischio di leucemia infantile.
2016
- FOOD INTAKE OF ZINC AND CADMIUM IN NORTHERN ITALY POPULATION
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Malavolti, Marcella; Sieri, Sabina; Krogh, Vittorio; Bottecchi, Ilaria; Filippini, Tommaso; Modenesi, Marina; Vescovi, Luciano; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Background:
Some trace elements are essential for humans; their deficiency may cause
abnormal biological functions, whereas excessive intakes may produce adverse
health effects. The aim of this study was to estimate the daily intake through diet
of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in a Northern Italy population and verify the
compliance with recommended levels of intake for Italian population recently
updated by Italian Society of Human Nutrition (SINU).
Methods:
We investigated dietary intake of Zn, and Cd in 719 residents of five provinces
of Emilia Romagna region in Northern Italy, using a validated semi-quantitative
food frequency questionnaire designed to capture eating behaviors in Italy,
specifically developed as part of the European Prospective Investigation into
Cancer and Nutrition study, for the Northern Italy population.
Results: We analyzed the diet of 319 men and 400 women, mean (±SD) aged
59.0 (± 14.0) and 52.3 (±14.1) respectively. The daily average (±SD) intake of
Zn and Cd was 11.99 (±4.31) mg/day and 15.06 (±8.41) μg/day in men and 10.83
(±4.06) mg/day and 13.23 (±7.23) μg/day in women. Dietary intake levels of Zn
were above the recommended values and well below the upper safe levels set by
SINU for healthy adults. Cd intake did not exceed the safety limits established by
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
Conclusions: Our analysis suggested that dietary intake of the above-mentioned
essential and toxic trace elements characterizing this Northern Italy population is
within the range defined as safe by SINU and EFSA.
2016
- INTAKE OF IRON IN A NORTHERN ITALY POPULATION
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Malavolti, Marcella; Malagoli, Carlotta; Sieri, Sabina; Krogh, Vittorio; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Backgrounds: Globally an estimated two billion people suffer from a chronic
deficiency of micronutrients. Iron deficiency and related anaemia is a significant
public health problem in several countries, and it becomes a very serious condition
in poor resources countries.
Methods: We investigated dietary iron intake of 719 residents of five provinces of
the Emilia Romagna region in Northern Italy, using a validated semi-quantitative
food frequency questionnaire designed to capture eating behaviors in Italy. This
questionnaire was specifically developed as part of the European Prospective
Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study for the Northern Italy population.
We focused our attention especially in non-menopausal women (considered as
aged <50), a population at high risk for anemia, to assess if their iron intake
is adequate taking into account the population reference intake (PRI) recently
established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
Results: We found an average iron intake of 13.68 (±4.43) mg/day in males and
11.93 (±4.12) mg/day in females without any differences between younger and
older women (<50 or ≥ 50). These intakes by young women were lower the
intakes recommended by EFSA for non-menopausal women (16 mg/day).
Conclusions: Our analysis suggested that women iron intake in this northern
Italy population is much lower than the recommended levels. Public health
interventions should be considered to increase iron intake in this population and
counteract the risk of iron deficiency anaemia.
2016
- Long-term mortality patterns in a residential cohort exposed to inorganic selenium in drinking water.
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Ballotari, P; Steinmaus, C; Malagoli, Carlotta; Luberto, F; Malavolti, Marcella; Rossi Giorgi, P.
abstract
Selenium (Se) is a metalloid of considerable nutritional and toxicological importance in humans. To date, limited epidemiologic evidence exists about the health effects of exposure to this trace element in drinking water. We investigated the relationship between Se levels in water and mortality in the municipality of Reggio Emilia, Italy, where high levels of Se were previously observed in drinking water. From 1974 to 1985, 2065 residents consumed drinking water with Se levels close to the European standard of 10 μg/l, in its inorganic hexavalent form (selenate). Follow-up was conducted for the years 1986–2012 in Reggio Emilia and a lesser exposed comparison group of around 100,000 municipal residents, with comparable socio-demographic characteristics. Overall mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease and cancer showed little evidence of differences. However, excess rate ratios were seen for some site specific cancers such as neoplasms of buccal cavity and pharynx, urinary tract, lymphohematopoietic tissue, melanoma, and two neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Excess mortality in the exposed cohort for specific outcomes was concentrated in the first period of follow-up (1986–1997), and waned starting 10 years after the high exposure ended. We also found lower mortality from breast cancer in females during the first period of follow-up. When we extended the analysis to include residents who had been consuming the high-selenium drinking water for a shorter period, mortality rate ratios were also increased, but to a lesser extent. Overall, we found that the mortality patterns related to long-term exposure to inorganic hexavalent selenium through drinking water were elevated for several site-specific cancers and neurodegenerative disease.
2016
- Passive exposure to agricultural pesticides and risk of childhood leukemia in an Italian community
[Articolo su rivista]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Costanzini, Sofia; Heck, Julia E.; Malavolti, Marcella; De Girolamo, Gianfranco; Oleari, Paola; Palazzi, Giovanni; Teggi, Sergio; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Background Exposure to pesticides has been suggested as a risk factor for childhood leukemia, but definitive evidence on this relation and the specific pesticides involved is still not clear. Objective We carried out a population-based case-control study in a Northern Italy community to assess the possible relation between passive exposure to agricultural pesticides and risk of acute childhood leukemia. Methods We assessed passive pesticide exposure of 111 childhood leukemia cases and 444 matched controls by determining density and type of agricultural land use within a 100-m radius buffer around children's homes. We focused on four common crop types, arable, orchard, vineyard and vegetable, characterized by the use of specific pesticides that are potentially involved in childhood induced leukemia. The use of these pesticides was validated within the present study. We computed the odds ratios (OR) of the disease and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) according to type and density of crops around the children's homes, also taking into account traffic pollution and high-voltage power line magnetic field exposure. Results Childhood leukemia risk did not increase in relation with any of the crop types with the exception of arable crops, characterized by the use of 2.4-D, MCPA, glyphosate, dicamba, triazine and cypermethrin. The very few children (n = 11) residing close to arable crops had an OR for childhood leukemia of 2.04 (95% CI 0.50–8.35), and such excess risk was further enhanced among children aged <5 years. Conclusions Despite the null association with most crop types and the statistical imprecision of the estimates, the increased leukemia risk among children residing close to arable crops indicates the need to further investigate the involvement in disease etiology of passive exposure to herbicides and pyrethroids, though such exposure is unlikely to play a role in the vast majority of cases.
2016
- Pesticidi organoclorurati, bifenili policlorurati e idrocarburi aromatici policiclici nel liquido cefalorachidiano di pazienti con sclerosi laterale amiotrofica: uno studio caso-controllo
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Violi, Federica; Tzatzarakis, M; Mandrioli, Jessica; Fini, N; Fasano, Antonio; Malagoli, Carlotta; Tsatsakis, A; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
.
2016
- Rischio di leucemia infantile in relazione al mese di nascita: studio caso-controllo basato sui dati del Registro AIEOP.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Malavolti, Marcella; Filippini, Tommaso; Malagoli, Carlotta; Arcolin, Elisa; De Girolamo, G; Oleari, P; Palazzi, G; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Rischio di leucemia infantile in relazione al mese di nascita: studio caso-controllo basato sui dati del Registro AIEOP.
2016
- Se-human serum albumin (Se-HSA) in human serum and its correlation with other selenium species.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, Tommaso; Vinceti, Marco; Grill, P; Malagoli, Carlotta; Arcolin, Elisa; Iacuzio, Laura; Storani, Simone; Ferrari, A; Michalke, B.
abstract
.
2015
- A review and meta-analysis of outdoor air pollution and risk of childhood leukemia
[Articolo su rivista]
Filippini, Tommaso; Heck, J. E.; Malagoli, Carlotta; DEL GIOVANE, Cinzia; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Leukemia is the most frequent malignant disease affecting children. To date, the etiology
of childhood leukemia remains largely unknown. Few risk factors (genetic susceptibility,
infections, ionizing radiation, etc.) have been clearly identified, but they appear
to explain only a small proportion of cases. Considerably more uncertain is the role of
other environmental risk factors, such as indoor and outdoor air pollution.We sought to
summarize and quantify the association between traffic-related air pollution and risk
of childhood leukemia, and further examined results according to method of exposure
assessment, study quality, leukemia subtype, time period, and continent where studies
took place. After a literature search yielded 6 ecologic and 20 case-control studies,
we scored the studies based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The studies assessed residential
exposure to pollutants from motorized traffic by computing traffic density in
the neighboring roads or vicinity to petrol stations, or by using measured or modeled
nitrogen dioxide and benzene outdoor air levels. Because heterogeneity across studies
was observed, random-effects summary odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals
(CI) were reported. Whenever possible we additionally conducted stratified analyses
comparing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Limiting the analysis to high-quality studies (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale ≥ 7), those using
traffic density as the exposure assessment metric showed an increase in childhood
leukemia risk in the highest exposure category (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.93–1.24). However,
we observed evidence of publication bias. Results for NO2 exposure and benzene
showed an OR of 1.21 (95% CI 0.97–1.52) and 1.64 (95% CI 0.91–2.95) respectively.
When stratifying by leukemia type, the results based upon NO2 were 1.21 (95% CI 1.04–1.41) for ALL and 1.06 (95% CI 0.51–2.21) for AML; based upon benzene were
1.09 (95% CI 0.67–1.77) for ALL and 2.28 (95% CI 1.09–4.75) for AML. Estimates were
generally higher for exposures in the postnatal period compared to the prenatal period,
and for European studies compared to North American studies. Overall, our results
support a link between ambient exposure to traffic pollution and childhood leukemia
risk, particularly due to benzene.
2015
- Accuratezza della diagnosi di diabete pregestazionale in scheda di dimissione ospedaliera: studio di validazione di una coorte di Modena e Reggio Emilia mediante i registri diabete.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Borsari, Lucia; Malagoli, Carlotta; Violi, Federica; De Girolamo, G; Ballotari, P; Bonora, K; Capelli, O; Solfrini, V; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
.
2015
- Are glycemic index and glycemic load associated with risk of cutaneous melanoma? A case-control study in an Italian population.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Malavolti, Marcella; Malagoli, Carlotta; Furio, Brighenti; Sabina, Sieri; Vittorio, Krogh; Farnetani, Francesca; Longo, Caterina; Pellacani, Giovanni
abstract
Are glycemic index and glycemic load associated with risk of cutaneous melanoma? A case-control study in an Italian population.
2015
- Assessing multiple sources of cadmium exposure in an Italian population.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, Tommaso; Cherubini, Alessandro; Maffeis, Giuseppe; Malagoli, Carlotta; Malavolti, Marcella; Sieri, Sabina; Krogh, Vittorio; Vescovi, Luciano; Modenesi, Marina; Michalke, Bernhard
abstract
Assessing multiple sources of cadmium exposure in an Italian population.
2015
- Assessment of cadmium levels in serum, toenails and diet: A cross sectional study in Modena, Northern Italy.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, Tommaso; Bottecchi, Iliaria; Arcolin, Elisa; Iacuzio, Laura; Malagoli, Carlotta; Vescovi, L; Ferrari, Angela; Martino, Antonio; Malavolti, Marcella; Cavazzuti, L; Sieri, S; Krogh, V; Michalke, B; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Assessment of cadmium levels in serum, toenails and diet: A cross sectional study in Modena, Northern Italy.
2015
- Assessment of selenium and cadmium levels in serum and toenails: A cross-sectional study in Modena, Northern Italy.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, Tommaso; Malagoli, Carlotta; Arcolin, Elisa; Vinceti, Marco; Michalke, Bernard
abstract
Assessment of selenium and cadmium levels in serum and toenails: A cross-sectional study in Modena, Northern Italy.
2015
- Cadmium dietary intake in a Northern Italy population.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Malavolti, Marcella; Malagoli, Carlotta; Bottecchi, Ilaria; Vescovi, Luciano; Sieri, Sabina; Krogh, Vittorio; Modenesi, M; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Cadmium dietary intake in a Northern Italy population
2015
- Cadmium, lead and mercury levels in cerebrospinal fluid and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis – A case-control study.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Violi, Federica; Filippini, Tommaso; Fini, Nicola; Malagoli, Carlotta; Vinceti, Marco; Bernard, Michalke; Mandrioli, Jessica
abstract
Cadmium, lead and mercury levels in cerebrospinal fluid and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis – A case-control study.
2015
- Correlation between cadmium and selenium blood levels in an Italian population.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, Tommaso; Storani, Simone; Malagoli, Carlotta; Arcolin, Elisa; Iacuzio, Laura; Castiglia, P; Michalke, B; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Correlation between cadmium and selenium blood levels in an Italian population.
2015
- Diet Quality and Risk of Melanoma in an Italian Population
[Articolo su rivista]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Malavolti, Marcella; Agnoli, Claudia; Crespi, Catherine M; Fiorentini, Chiara; Farnetani, Francesca; Longo, Caterina; Ricci, Cinzia; Albertini, Giuseppe; Lanzoni, Anna; Veneziano, Leonardo; Virgili, Annarosa; Pagliarello, Calogero; Santini, Marcello; Fanti, Pier Alessandro; Dika, Emi; Sieri, Sabina; Krogh, Vittorio; Pellacani, Giovanni; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Background: Some results from laboratory and epidemiologic studies suggest that diet may influence the risk of melanoma, but convincing evidence for a role of single nutrients or food items is lacking. Diet quality, which considers the combined effect of multiple food items, may be superior for examining this relation. Objective: We sought to assess whether diet quality, evaluated with the use of 4 different dietary indexes, is associated with melanoma risk. Methods: In this population-based case-control study, we analyzed the relation between 4 diet quality indexes, the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) index, Greek Mediterranean Index (GMI), and Italian Mediterranean Index (IMI), and melanoma risk in a northern Italian community, with the use of data from 380 cases and 719 matched controls who completed a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Results: In the overall sample, we found an inverse association between disease risk and the HEI-2010 and DASH index, but not the Mediterranean indexes, adjusting for potential confounders (skin phototype, body mass index, energy intake, sunburn history, skin sun reaction, and education). However, in sex stratified analyses, the association appeared only in women (P-trend: 0.10 and 0.04 for the HEI-2010 and DASH index, respectively). The inverse relations were stronger in women younger than age 50 y than in older women, for whom the GMI and IMI scores also showed an inverse association with disease risk (P-trend: 0.05 and 0.02, respectively). Conclusions: These results suggest that diet quality may play a role in cutaneous melanoma etiology among women.
2015
- Dietary cadmium intake in an Italian population.
[Abstract in Rivista]
Malavolti, Marcella; Malagoli, Carlotta; Ilaria, Bottecchi; Luciano, Vescovi; Massimo, Modenesi; Paolo, Castiglia; Sabina, Sieri; Vittorio, Krogh; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Dietary cadmium intake in an Italian population.
2015
- FATTORI AMBIENTALI DI RISCHIO DELLA SCLEROSI LATERALE AMIOTROFICA: UNO STUDIO CASO-CONTROLLO DI POPOLAZIONE BASATO SU QUESTIONARI ANAMNESTICI
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Violi, F; Fiore, M; Filippini, T; Malagoli, C; Arcolin, E; Iacuzio, L; Ledda, C; Mauceri, C; Dimartino, A; Mandrioli, J; Fini, N; Georgoulopoulou, E; Patti, F; Lo Fermo, S; Sciacca, S; Ferrante, M; Vinceti, M
abstract
Introduzione: La sclerosi laterale amiotrofica (SLA) è una malattia neurodegenerativa progressiva la cui eziologia è ancora sostanzialmente ignota, ad eccezione di alcune rare forme di origine genetica. Numerosi suoi possibili fattori di rischio ambientali sono attualmente oggetto di indagine. Metodi: Abbiamo realizzato uno studio caso-controllo di popolazione nelle province di Modena, Reggio Emilia e Catania, al fine di valutare il ruolo eziologico di alcuni possibili fattori ambientali di rischio. Abbiamo somministrato per via postale un questionario finalizzato alla raccolta di informazioni anamnestiche ai casi di SLA diagnosticati nel periodo 2008-2011 e ad un gruppo di controlli di popolazione appaiati per alcune variabili confondenti. Risultati: Il 35% (n=162, 61 casi e 101 controlli) dei questionari inviati è stato compilato e restituito. In un modello di regressione logistica, i pregressi traumatismi soggetti a valutazione medica sono risultati associati ad un odds ratio (OR) di SLA pari a 1.20 (intervalli di confidenza al 95% (IC 95%) 0.62-2.30), con un valore più elevato (3.04, 1.22-7.55) per traumi alla testa. Gli shock elettrici hanno evidenziato un OR di 2.25 (0.66-7.63). Con riferimento alla storia occupazionale, l’OR associata all’attività lavorativa in ambito agricolo o come saldatore è risultata rispettivamente pari a 2.44 (1.02-5.79) e 1.25 (0.27-5.80). Aver vissuto in zona agricola è stato associato ad un lieve aumento del rischio (OR=1.67, 0.87-3.20), a differenza della pratica sportiva e specificatamente del calcio (OR 0.84 (0.46-1.51) e 1.04 (0.44-2.47). Conclusioni: I risultati ottenuti appaiono di potenziale interesse eziologico e meritevoli di ulteriori approfondimenti, pur tenendo conto del rischio di distorsioni di selezione del campione o di informazione, specie nei pazienti.
2015
- Increased incidence of childhood leukemia in urban areas: a population-based case-control study
[Articolo su rivista]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Malavolti, Marcella; Costanzini, Sofia; Fabbi, Sara; Teggi, Sergio; Palazzi, Giovanni; Arcolin, Elisa; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Objective. We carried out a population-based case-control study to assess the possibility of an excess risk of childhood leukemia in urban areas, independently from road traffic pollution. Methods. Study subjects were the 111 cases of childhood leukemia diagnosed from 1998 to 2011 among residents of two provinces of the northern Italian Emilia-Romagna region, and 444 controls matched by age and sex. Through mapping of the region carried out by remote sensing, we examined the percentage of urban or rural area in the 100-meter circular buffer around each child's house. We also modeled annual average exposure to benzene and PM10 from vehicular traffic at each residence. Results. In a multivariate model adjusting for benzene and PM10, the odds ratio of leukemia associated with residence in a highly urbanized area and residential area (≥95% land use of this type near the child's home) was 1.4 (95% confidence intervals 0.8-2.4) and 1.3 (0.8-2.2), respectively. An increased risk was also found in association with the proximity to "dumps, scrap yards, and building sites". No association emerged with residence in rural areas or near industrial plants. Conclusions. These results indicate that children living in urban areas experience an excess leukemia risk, independently from exposure to pollutants from vehicles.
2015
- Indice Glicemico e Carico Glicemico e rischio di melanoma in una popolazione della Emilia-Romagna.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Malavolti, Marcella; Malagoli, Carlotta; Brighenti, F; Sieri, S; Krogh, V; Farnetani, Francesca; Longo, Caterina; Pellacani, Giovanni; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
.
2015
- Livelli di Cadmio e Manganese e correlazione con caratteristiche individuali e abitudini alimentari - Uno studio di popolazione nel Nord Italia.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, Tommaso; Malagoli, Carlotta; Storani, Simone; Ferrari, Angela; Cavazzuti, L; De Girolamo, G; Michalke, B; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
.
2015
- Long-term mortality in a population exposed to inorganic selenium through drinking water.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Vinceti, Marco; Ballotari, Paola; Malagoli, Carlotta; Luberto, Ferdinando; Malavolti, Marcella; Vicentini, Massimo; Filippini, Tommaso; Giorgi Rossi, Paolo
abstract
Long-term mortality in a population exposed to inorganic selenium through drinking water.
2015
- Long-term mortality in a residential cohort exposed to inorganic hexavalent selenium through drinking water.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Vinceti, Marco; Paola, Ballotari; Malagoli, Carlotta; Ferdinando, Luberto; Malavolti, Marcella; Massimo, Vicentini; Violi, Federica; Paolo, Giorgi Rossi
abstract
Long-term mortality in a residential cohort exposed to inorganic hexavalent selenium through drinking water
2015
- Maternal exposure to benzene and PM10 during pregnancy influences the risk of congenital anomalies in the offspring. A population-based case-control study in a Northern Italy community.
[Abstract in Rivista]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Malavolti, Marcella; Cherubini, A; Maffeis, G; Rodolfi, R; Astolfi, G; Calzolari, E; Nicolini, F; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
.
2015
- Passive exposure to agricultural pesticides and risk of childhood leukemia in an Italian community.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Malavolti, Marcella; Costanzini, Sofia; Teggi, Sergio; Giovanni, Palazzi; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Passive exposure to agricultural pesticides and risk of childhood leukemia in an Italian community
2015
- Population density and risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: an Italian population-based study.
[Abstract in Rivista]
Filippini, Tommaso; Malagoli, Carlotta; Violi, Federica; Iacuzio, Laura; Arcolin, Elisa; Nicola, Fini; Georgoulopoulou, Eleni; Mandrioli, Jessica; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Population density and risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: an Italian population-based study.
2015
- Risk of ALS and passive long-term residential exposure to pesticides: a population based study.
[Abstract in Rivista]
Violi, Federica; Filippini, Tommaso; Malagoli, Carlotta; Mandrioli, Jessica; Carlo, Signorelli; Aanna, Odone; Margherita, Ferrante; Maria, Fiore; Ledda, C; Cristina, Mauceri; Patti, F; Costanzini, Sofia; Fabbi, Sara; Teggi, Sergio; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Risk of ALS and passive long-term residential exposure to pesticides: a population based study.
2015
- Risk of ALS and passive residential exposure to pesticides: a population based study.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Violi, Federica; Filippini, Tommaso; Malagoli, Carlotta; Mandrioli, Jessica; Signorelli, C; Odone, A; Ferrante, M; Fiore, M; Ledda, C; Mauceri, C; Patti, F; Costanzini, Sofia; Fabbi, Sara; Teggi, Sergio; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
. Risk of ALS and passive residential exposure to pesticides: a population based study.
2015
- Selenium in humans: which is the safe range of intake?
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Vinceti, Marco; Filippini, Tommaso; Violi, Federica; Malavolti, Marcella; Malagoli, Carlotta; Bargellini, Annalisa; Borella, Paola
abstract
Selenium in humans: which is the safe range of intake?
2015
- Selenium speciation in human serum and its implications for epidemiologic research: a cross-sectional study
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Grill, Peter; Malagoli, Carlotta; Filippini, Tommaso; Storani, Simone; Malavolti, Marcella; Michalke, Bernhard
abstract
Observational studies addressing the relation between selenium and human health, particularly cancer risk, yielded inconsistent results, while most recent randomized trials showed a fairly consistent pattern suggesting null or adverse effects of the metalloid. One of the most plausible explanations for such inconsistencies is inadequate exposure assessment in observational studies, commonly carried out by measuring total Se content without taking into account the specific exposure to the individual chemical forms of the metalloid, whose toxic and nutritional properties may vary greatly. Data on the distribution of these species in human blood and their correlation with overall selenium levels are very limited. The concentrations of organic and inorganic selenium species were analyzed in serum of fifty subjects sampled from the general population of the municipality of Modena, northern Italy, aged from 35 to 70 years. Samples were collected during a 30-month period, and determinations of selenium species were carried out using high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometry. The majority of selenium was found to be present as organic species, but the inorganic forms showed higher levels than expected. These species showed limited correlations with age, sex and body mass index, while the organic forms increased in subjects consuming selenium-containing dietary supplements and decreased in smokers. The length of the sample storage period strongly influenced the distribution of selenium compounds, with a clear tendency towards higher inorganic and lower organic selenium levels over time. In multivariate analysis adjusting for potential confounders, total serum selenium correlated with human serum albumin-bound selenium and, in males, with two organic species of the metalloid (selenocysteine and glutathione peroxidase-bound selenium), while little association existed with the other organic forms and the inorganic ones. These findings highlight the potential for exposure misclassification of observational epidemiologic investigations based on overall selenium content in blood and possibly other tissues, and the critical role of the storage conditions for speciation analysis.
2015
- Skin Cancer Diagnosis With Reflectance Confocal Microscopy: Reproducibility of Feature Recognition and Accuracy of Diagnosis
[Articolo su rivista]
Farnetani, Francesca; Scope, Alon; Braun, Ralph P; Gonzalez, Salvador; Guitera, Pascale; Malvehy, Josep; Manfredini, Marco; Marghoob, Ashfaq A; Moscarella, Elvira; Oliviero, Margaret; Puig, Susana; Rabinovitz, Harold S; Stanganelli, Ignazio; Longo, Caterina; Malagoli, Carlotta; Vinceti, Marco; Pellacani, Giovanni
abstract
IMPORTANCE: Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) studies have been performed to identify criteria for diagnosis of skin neoplasms. However, RCM-based diagnosis is operator dependent. Hence, reproducibility of RCM criteria needs to be tested. OBJECTIVE: To test interobserver reproducibility of recognition of previously published RCM descriptors and accuracy of RCM-based skin cancer diagnosis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Observational retrospectiveweb-based study of a set of RCM images collected at a tertiary academic medical center. Nine dermatologists (6 of whom had ≥3 years of RCM experience) from 6 countries evaluated an RCM study set from 100 biopsy-proven lesions, including 55 melanocytic nevi, 20 melanomas, 15 basal cell carcinomas, 7 solar lentigines or seborrheic keratoses, and 3 actinic keratoses. Between June 15, 2010, and October 21, 2010, participanting dermatologists, blinded to histopathological diagnosis, evaluated 3 RCM mosaic images per lesion for the presence of predefined RCM descriptors. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The main outcomewas identification of RCM descriptors with fair to good interrater agreement (κ statistic ≥0.3) and independent correlation with malignant vs benign diagnosis on discriminant analysis. Additional measures included sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of malignant vs benign for each evaluator, for majority diagnosis (rendered by ≥5 of 9 evaluators), and for experienced vs recent RCM users. RESULTS: Eight RCM descriptors showed fair to good reproducibility and were independently associated with a specific diagnosis. Of these, the presence of pagetoid cells, atypical cells at the dermal-epidermal junction, and irregular epidermal architecture were associated with melanoma. Aspecific junctional pattern, basaloid cords, and ulceration were associated with basal cell carcinomas. Ringed junctional pattern and dermal nests were associated with nevi. The mean sensitivity for the group of evaluators was 88.9% (range, 82.9%-100%), and the mean specificity was 79.3%(range, 69.2%-90.8%). Majority diagnosis showed sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 80.0%. Sensitivity was higher for experienced vs recent RCM users (91.0% vs 84.8%), but specificity was similar (80.0%vs 77.9%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The study highlights key RCM diagnostic criteria for melanoma and basal cell carcinoma that are reproducibly recognized among RCM users. Diagnostic accuracy increases with experience. The higher accuracy of majority diagnosis suggests that there is intrinsically more diagnostic information in RCM images than is currently used by individual evaluators.
2015
- Sources of cadmium exposure in an Italian population: a cross-sectional study
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, Tommaso; Cherubini, A; Greco, S; Maffeis, G; Malagoli, Carlotta; Bottecchi, Iliaria; Malavolti, Marcella; Sieri, S; Krogh, V; Vescovi, L; Modenesi, M; Castiglia, P; Michalke, B; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Sources of cadmium exposure in an Italian population: a cross-sectional study.
2015
- The GIS methodology and its application in exposure assessment – Experience of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
[Abstract in Rivista]
Filippini, Tommaso; Iacuzio, Laura; Arcolin, Elisa; Violi, Federica; Storani, Simone; Costanzini, Sofia; Fabbi, Sara; Malagoli, Carlotta; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
.
2015
- The influence of outdoor air pollution on cadmium exposure assessment: a cross-sectional population-based Italian study.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, Tommaso; Cherubini, A; Maffeis, G; Greco, S; Malagoli, Carlotta; Malavolti, Marcella; Sieri, S; Krogh, V; Vescovi, L; Modenesi, M; Michalke, B; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
The influence of outdoor air pollution on cadmium exposure assessment: a cross-sectional population-based Italian study.
2015
- Toenail selenium and risk of type 2 diabetes: the ORDET cohort study
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Grioni, S.; Alber, D.; Consonni, D.; Malagoli, Carlotta; Agnoli, C.; Malavolti, Marcella; Pala, V.; Krogh, V.; Sieri, S.
abstract
Epidemiologic studies, particularly randomized controlled trials, have shown a direct relation between dietary and environmental exposure to the metalloid selenium and risk of type 2 diabetes. We investigated the association between baseline toenail selenium levels and diabetes occurrence in a case-control study nested in ORDET, a population-based female cohort in Northern Italy. After a median follow-up of 16 years, we identified 226 cases of type 2 diabetes cases and 395 age-matched control women with available toenail samples at baseline. The multivariate odds ratios of diabetes in increasing a priori defined categories of toenail selenium exposure were 1.09 (95% confidence interval 0.61, 1.96), 0.71 (0.38, 1.34) and 1.14 (0.46, 2.80) compared with the lowest category. The results were not substantially altered when quartile distribution of toenail selenium in controls was used to define exposure categories. Spline regression analysis did not show homogeneous risk trends. Overall, we did not find an association between toenail selenium and subsequent development of diabetes. Since the diabetogenic activity of selenium is strongly supported by experimental studies and some observational investigations, our null results might be explained by the limitations of overall selenium toenail content to assess environmental exposure to selenium species of etiologic relevance in the study population.
2015
- Valutazione dell’esposizione passiva a pesticidi a lungo termine mediante flussi informativi di popolazione: aspetti metodologici.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Vinceti, Marco; Fiore, M; Odone, A; Malagoli, Carlotta; Filippini, Tommaso; Violi, Federica; Arcolin, Elisa; Iacuzio, Laura; Ledda, C; Mauceri, C; Dimartino, A; D’Agati, Mg; Floridia, A; Rossi, R; Mazzini, F; Nannini, R; Marchi, N; Staffilani, F; Guermandi, M; Fornaciari, M; Costanzini, Sofia; Teggi, Sergio; Sciacca, S; Signorelli, C; Ferrante, M.
abstract
.
2014
- Diabete materno e rischio di macrosomia fetale: uno studio di coorte nella regione Emilia-Romagna.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Filippini, Tommaso; Rodolfi, R; Bertolotti, Marco; Astolfi, G; Calzolari, E; Puccini, A; Martini, M; Nicolini, F; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
.
2014
- Do dietary intake and blood level of total selenium predict circulating levels of selenium species? A cross-sectional study.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Storani, Simone; Grill, P; Michalke, B.
abstract
.
2014
- Fattori predittivi per la cessazione dal fumo nel centro per il trattamento del tabagismo della provincia di Reggio Emilia: analisi di due anni di attivita’.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Storani, Simone; Tamelli, M; Malagoli, Carlotta; Filippini, Tommaso; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
.
2014
- I pesticidi quali possibili fattori ambientali di rischio nella sclerosi laterale amiotrofica: uno studio caso-controllo di popolazione in Emilia-Romagna.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Arcolin, Elisa; Fiore, M; Mandrioli, Jessica; Iacuzio, Laura; Malagoli, Carlotta; Violi, Federica; Filippini, Tommaso; Georgoulopoulou, E; Ledda, C; Mauceri, C; Floridia, A; Di Martino, A; D’Agati, M. G; Fazio, R; Patti, F; Zappia, M; Sciacca, S; Ferrante, M; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
.
2014
- Modeling of population exposure to airborne pesticides
[Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Costanzini, Sofia; Teggi, Sergio; Fabbi, Sara; Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta
abstract
Air pollution due to pesticides emitted by farming practices is an environmental topical issue nowadays and
little it’s known about its effects on human health. Pesticides can contaminate the atmosphere through various
pathways, especially by volatilization and by adsorption on particulate matter. Although the use of certain
substances (i.e. dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, DDT) has been banned over the years, there are still few
groups of substances (i.e. phosphorganic insecticides, triazole and phenylenediamine fungicides applied on
fruit orchards and vineyards) whose characteristics of toxicity, carcinogenicity, and persistence can lead to
severe effects on human health. This paper shows a methodology for the modeling of the population exposure
to airborne pesticides based on the AERMOD Gaussian air dispersion model and on geoprocessing and spatial
analysis techniques implemented in a GIS (Geographic Information System) environment using the Python
programming language. This analysis relies on several spatial data (i.e. hazard sources localization),
appropriate processing and on management techniques achievable in a GIS environment. The methodology
has been applied to a test site, located in Centre Po Valley near the city of Modena, Italy. In this territory
several epidemiological studies have been carried out so far. These activities are framed in the context of a
partnership between the DIEF and the CREAGEN of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. The main
steps followed for the methodology can be summarized in: definition of the computational domain, realization
of a GIS input geodatabase (hazard source localization, wind field, demography), realization of a Python
procedure to allow the interaction between the GIS input dataset and AERMOD, data processing and
visualization in a GIS environment. Fruit orchards and vineyards extracted from the Corine Land Cover have
been modeled in AERMOD as areal hazard sources. The designed methodology allows to assess the spatial
distribution in the test site of a relative concentration value associated to the use of phosphorganic insecticides,
triazole and phenylenediamine fungicides in farming practices. In the future the parameterization of the hazard
sources emission (currently only related to the area of the source) will be improved, in order to employ the
methodology in epidemiological studies related to the occurrence of potential pathologies.
2014
- Pattern alimentari e rischio di melanoma cutaneo: studio epidemiologico multicentrico in una popolazione del nord-Italia.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Malavolti, Marcella; Malagoli, Carlotta; Agnoli, C; Fiorentini, Chiara; Longo, Caterina; Farnetani, Francesca; Sieri, S; Krogh, V; Pellacani, Giovanni; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
.
2014
- Pesticidi e rischio di sclerosi laterale amiotrofica: il contributo della metodologia gis in uno studio in Emilia-Romagna e in Sicilia.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, Tommaso; Fiore, M; Mandrioli, Jessica; Odone, A; Malagoli, Carlotta; Iacuzio, Laura; Arcolin, Elisa; Violi, Federica; Mazzini, F; Rossi, R; Nannini, R; Guermandi, M; Staffilani, F; Marchi, N; Fabbi, Sara; Teggi, Sergio; Costanzini, Sofia; Ghermandi, Grazia; Pietrini, V; Fini, N; Ledda, C; Mauceri, C; Di Martino, A; Patti, F; Sentina, E; Signorelli, C; Ferrante, M; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
.
2014
- Residence near electrical transformer rooms and risk of childhood leukemia: an Italian population-based case-control study.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Storani, Simone; Malagoli, Carlotta; Fabbi, Sara; Zanichelli, P; Notari, B; Poli, M; Sesti, D; Teggi, Sergio; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
.
2014
- Risk of birth defects associated with maternal pregestational diabetes.
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Rothman, Kj; Rodolfi, R; Astolfi, G; Calzolari, E; Puccini, A; Bertolotti, Marco; Lunt, M; Paterlini, L; Martini, M; Nicolini, F.
abstract
Maternal diabetes preceding pregnancy may increase the risk of birth defects in the offspring, but not all studies confirm this association, which has shown considerable variation over time, and the effect of having type 1 versus type 2 diabetes is unclear. We conducted a population-based cohort study in the Northern Italy Emilia-Romagna region linking administrative databases with a Birth Defects Registry. From hospital discharge records we identified all diabetic pregnancies during 1997-2010, and a population of non-diabetic parturients matched for age, residence, year and delivery hospital. We collected available information on education, smoking and drug prescriptions, from which we inferred the type of diabetes. We found 62 malformed infants out of 2,269 births among diabetic women, and 162 out of 10,648 births among non-diabetic women. The age-standardized prevalence ratio (PR) of malformation associated with maternal pregestational diabetes was 1.79 (95 % confidence interval 1.34-2.39), a value that varied little by age. Type of diabetes strongly influenced the PR, with higher values related to type 2 diabetic women. Most major subgroups of anomalies had PRs above 1, including cardiovascular, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, and chromosomal abnormalities. There was an unusually high PR for the rare defect 'extra-ribs', but it was based on only two cases. This study indicates that maternal pregestational type 2 diabetes is associated with a higher prevalence of specific birth defects in offspring, whereas for type 1 diabetic mothers, particularly in recent years, the association was unremarkable.
2014
- Traffic-related air pollution and risk of childhood leukemia: a meta-analysis.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Filippini, Tommaso; Malagoli, Carlotta; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
.
2013
- Association between dietary vitamin C and risk of cutaneous melanoma in a population of Northern Italy
[Articolo su rivista]
Malavolti, Marcella; Malagoli, Carlotta; Fiorentini, Chiara; Longo, Caterina; Farnetani, Francesca; Ricci, Cinzia; Albertini, Giuseppe; Lanzoni, Anna; Reggiani, Camilla; Virgili, Annarosa; Pagliarello, Calogero; Santini, Marcello; Fanti, Pier A; Dika, Emi; Sieri, Sabina; Krogh, Vittorio; Pellacani, Giovanni; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Cutaneous melanoma incidence has been increasing during the last few years, and diet has been suggested as one of the lifestyle factors responsible for this increase. Since antioxidant nutrients such as ascorbic acid might prevent skin carcinogenesis, we investigated the risk of cutaneous melanoma related to vitamin C intake in a population-based case-control study in Northern Italy based on 380 melanoma patients and 719 matched controls, to whom we administered a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. After adjusting for potential confounders, odds ratio of melanoma were 0.86 (95 % confidence interval 0.65 - 1.15) and 0.59 (95 % confidence interval 0.37 - 0.94) in the intermediate and highest categories of vitamin C dietary intake respectively, compared with the bottom one. The association between vitamin C and decreased risk persisted after adjustment for some potential confounders. In age- and gender-stratified analyses, this association was seen in young females (< 60 years old), and was found to be enhanced in subjects with phototypes II and III. These results suggest a possible protective activity of vitamin C intake against cutaneous melanoma in specific subgroups of this population of Northern Italy.
2013
- Associazione tra vitamina C e rischio di melanoma cutaneo: studio epidemiologico multicentrico in una popolazione del nord Italia.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Malavolti, Marcella; Malagoli, Carlotta; Fiorentini, Chiara; Sieri, S; Krogh, V; Pellacani, Giovanni; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
.
2013
- Epidemiologia e fattori ambientali di rischio della sclerosi laterale amiotrofica sporadica: metodologia di uno studio realizzato in ambiente gis.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Vinceti, Marco; Fiore, M; Odone, A; Signorelli, C; Mandrioli, Jessica; Fini, N; Fabbi, Sara; Teggi, Sergio; Costanzini, Sofia; Ghermandi, Grazia; Iacuzio, Laura; Malagoli, Carlotta; Arcolin, Elisa; Ferrante, M.
abstract
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2013
- Friend or foe? The current epidemiologic evidence on selenium and human cancer risk
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Crespi, Cm; Malagoli, Carlotta; DEL GIOVANE, Cinzia; Krogh, V.
abstract
Scientific opinion on the relationship between selenium and the risk of cancer has undergone radical change over the years, with selenium first viewed as a possible carcinogen in the 1940s then as a possible cancer preventive agent in the 1960s-2000s. More recently, randomized controlled trials have found no effect on cancer risk but suggest possible low-dose dermatologic and endocrine toxicity, and animal studies indicate both carcinogenic and cancer-preventive effects. A growing body of evidence from human and laboratory studies indicates dramatically different biological effects of the various inorganic and organic chemical forms of selenium, which may explain apparent inconsistencies across studies. These chemical form-specific effects also have important implications for exposure and health risk assessment. Overall, available epidemiologic evidence suggests no cancer preventive effect of increased selenium intake in healthy individuals and possible increased risk of other diseases and disorders.
2013
- Il consumo di legumi riduce il rischio di melanoma cutaneo: studio caso-controllo nella regione Emilia Romagna.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Malavolti, Marcella; Fiorentini, Chiara; Sieri, S; Krogh, V; Pellacani, Giovanni; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
.
2013
- Inquinamento da traffi co e rischio di malformazioni congenite: considerazioni metodologiche sull’uso di differenti modellistiche espositive
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; R., Rodolfi; A., Cherubini; G., Maffeis; S., Greco; Fabbi, Sara; C., Signorelli; Storani, Simone; Iacuzio, Laura; A., Fraulini; Teggi, Sergio; Bergomi, Margherita; G., Astolfi; E., Calzolari; F., Nicolini
abstract
The relation between air pollution from road traffi c and teratogenic risk is an issue of considerable interest
in epidemiological research. We examined the risk of birth defects associated with exposure to benzene and
particulate matter (PM10) emitted by motorized traffi c in an Italian community, using a validated dispersion
model (CALINE4) of these contaminants and two different methodological approaches for exposure assessment
within a Geographical Information System. The study population included 228 cases of congenital
malformation diagnosed at birth and the same number of matched controls. The results showed that estimates
of individual exposure to benzene and PM10 and associated relative risks were substantially affected by the
different approaches for exposure assessment.
2013
- Rischio di malformazioni congenite associato all’inquinamento da traffico in una comunità italiana: uno studio di modellistica in ambiente GIS
[Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Rodolfi, R; Cherubini, A; Maffeis, G; Signorelli, C; Storani, Simone; Martino, Antonio; Astolfi, G; Calzolari, E; Amelio, F; Nicolini, F.
abstract
.
2013
- Risk of birth defects associated with maternal pregestational diabetes: a population-based cohort study in northern Italy
[Abstract in Rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Rodolfi, R; Rothman, K; Puccini, A; Lunt, M; Bertolotti, Marco; Astolfi, G; Calzolari, E; Nicolini, F.
abstract
Maternal diabetes preceding pregnancy, whether type-1 or type-2, appears to increase the risk of birth defects in the offspring, though several aspects of this relation are still unknown or controversial.
We conducted a large population-based cohort study in the Northern Italy region of Emilia-Romagna using administrative databases and a Birth Defects Registry. From hospital discharge records we identified all diabetic pregnancies during 1997-2010, and a population of non-diabetic parturients matched for age, province of residence, year and hospital of delivery. We collected where available information on drug prescriptions, from which we inferred the type of diabetes.
We found 62 malformed infants out of 2,269 births among diabetic women, and 162 out of 10,648 births among non-diabetic women. The prevalence ratio (PR) of malformation associated with maternal pregestational diabetes was 1.73 (95% confidence interval 1.28-2.33). Period of birth and type of diabetes strongly influenced the PR, with higher values estimates in the earliest periods and in type-2 diabetic women compared with type-1 diabetic mothers. The latter group exhibited no excess risk in the most recent period, 2006-2010, possibly owing to improvements in metabolic control over time. Most subgroups of anomalies had PRs above 1, but relevant and statistically more precise excess risks were seen for cardiovascular, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, and chromosomal abnormalities.
The present study indicates that maternal diabetes increases the risk of specific birth defects in offspring, particularly for type-2 diabetes, whereas for type-1 diabetic mothers in the most recent years, this was not the case.
2013
- Selenium and human health: bridging together epidemiological and laboratory evidence.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Vinceti, Marco; Bargellini, Annalisa; Malagoli, Carlotta; Borella, Paola
abstract
.
2013
- Selenium (Se)
[Capitolo/Saggio]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Ferrante, M.
abstract
2013
- Serum fatty acids and risk of cutaneous melanoma: a population-based case-control study
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Iacuzio, Laura; Catherine M., Crespi; Sabina, Sieri; Vittorio, Krogh; Marmiroli, Sandra; Pellacani, Giovanni; Elisabetta, Venturelli
abstract
Background. Some observational studies have suggested that excess dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid increases cutaneous melanoma risk. We aimed at examining the association between serum fatty acids and melanoma risk by conducting a population-based case-control study in a northern Italy community. Methods. e percentage composition of 12 fatty acids was determined in 51 newly diagnosed melanoma patients and 51 age- and sex-matched population controls by extracting total lipids from serum samples using thin layer and gas chromatography. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the relative risk of melanoma associated with tertiles of percentage composition of each fatty acid as well as groupings including saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Results. We found a slightly increased melanoma risk for stearic and arachidic acids proportion, with and without adjustment for potential confounders. For an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty
acid, docosapentaenoic acid, we found a male-specic direct association with melanoma risk. o other associations emerged for the other saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, individually or grouped by type. Conclusions. These fndings do not suggest a major role of fatty acids, including linoleic acid, on risk of cutaneous melanoma, though their evaluation is limited by the small sample size.
2013
- The need for a reassessment of the safe upper limit of selenium in drinking water
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; C. M., Crespi; Bonvicini, Francesca; Malagoli, Carlotta; M., Ferrante; Marmiroli, Sandra; S., Stranges
abstract
Results of recent epidemiologic studies suggest the need to reassess the safe upper limit in drinking water of selenium, a metalloid with both toxicological and nutritional properties. Observational and experimental human studies on health effects of organic selenium compounds consumed through diet or supplements, and of inorganic selenium consumed through drinking water, have shown that human toxicity may occur at much lower concentrations than previously surmised. Evidence indicates that the chemical form of selenium strongly influences its toxicity, and that its biological activity may differ in different species, emphasizing the importance of the few human studies on health effects of the specific selenium compounds found in drinking water. Epidemiologic studies that investigated the effects of selenate, an inorganic selenium species commonly found in drinking water, together with evidence of toxicity of inorganic selenium at low levels in vitro and in animal studies, indicate that health risks may occur at exposures below the current European Union and World Health Organization upper limit and guideline of 10 and 40 µg/l, respectively, and suggest reduction to 1 µg/l in order to adequately protect human health. Although few drinking waters are currently known to have selenium levels exceeding this level, the public health importance of this issue should not be overlooked, and further epidemiologic research is critically needed in this area.
2012
- A case-control study of the risk of cutaneous melanoma associated with three selenium exposure indicators
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; C. M., Crespi; Malagoli, Carlotta; Bottecchi, Iliaria; Ferrari, Angela; S., Sieri; V., Krogh; D., Alber; Bergomi, Margherita; Seidenari, Stefania; Pellacani, Giovanni
abstract
Aims and background. A direct association between exposure to the metalloid sele-nium and risk of cutaneous melanoma has been suggested by some observational and experimental cohort studies, whereas other studies have yielded inconsistent re-sults. Since some of the inconsistencies may be due to exposure misclassification arising from the use of exposure indicators that do not adequately reflect body tissue selenium content or the levels of the biologically relevant species of this metalloid, we examined this issue using multiple indicators of exposure. Methods. We analyzed the relation of selenium exposure with risk of cutaneous melanoma using two different biomarkers, plasma and toenail selenium concentra-tion, and estimated dietary selenium intake in a community-based case-control se-ries (54 cases, 56 controls) from an Italian community. Results. In unmatched and matched logistic regression models as well as nonpara-metric generalized additive models, higher plasma selenium levels were strongly as-sociated with excess disease risk. In contrast, toenail and dietary selenium exhibited little relation with melanoma risk. The pattern of correlation among indicators of ex-posure differed by disease status, with dietary intake associated with plasma seleni-um levels in patients but not in controls. Conclusions. Our data showed that different selenium exposure indicators can yield different inferences about melanoma risk. Although the series was small, our results are consistent with a positive association between circulating levels of selenium and melanoma risk. Further investigation of the exposure classification performance of various selenium biomarkers and of metabolic patterns of the metalloid and of its speciation are needed to help elucidate the relation between selenium exposure and human health.
2012
- Dietary exposure to cadmium in a northern italy population
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Bottecchi, Iliaria; Arcolin, Elisa; L., Vescovi; Malagoli, Carlotta; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Background and AimsCadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal which can bevery harmful to the human health, mainlyintroduced into the body through diet.Limited data are available on the amount ofCd contained in vegetable and animal foods.MethodsWe selected foods characterizing the diet ofEmilia-Romagna region population using theresults of an EPIC survey, by selecting from alist of 233 foods foodstuffs and drinks havingaverage consumption ≥3 g/day. Cddeterminations of foods were performed atIren Acqua Gas - IREN company, ReggioEmilia, using mass spectrometer inductivelycoupled plasma following mineralization ofthe food samples. From the results of theEPIC semi-quantitative food frequencyquestionnaire administered to 1099 residentsin the Emilia-Romagna region, we assesseddaily foodstuffs consumption and wecalculated dietary Cd intake.ResultsThe highest average Cd concentration (μgCd/100 g food) was found in cereals (1.14),fish and mussels (5.10), chocolate (8,5),vegetables (0.8) and particularly wildmushrooms (268,90).Average daily Cd intake in the studypopulation resulted to be 11.11 μg, mainlydue to intake of vegetables, wild mushrooms,cereals, fish and mussels.Considering that the European Food SafetyAuthority set in 2010 the tolerable Cd weeklyintake as 2.5 μg/kg body weight (25 μg/dayfor a 70-kg individual) daily intake calculatedin our population did not exceed such limit.According the EC Regulation 1881/2006, inour study only wild mushrooms (2,69 mg/kg)exceeded such limits.ConclusionsThe Cd weekly intake characterizing ourstudy population did not exceed the EFSAlimits. However, considering the high toxicityof this heavy metal particularly for chronicexposure and the relatively high intakeswhich may characterize consumers of largeamounts of wild mushrooms, vegetables,cereals and fish, the issue of dietary Cd intakein the Italian population and its relatedhealth effects appears to be an importantpublic health issue.
2012
- Environmental risk factors for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:
methodological issues in epidemiologic studies
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; M., Fiore; C., Signorelli; A., Odone; M., Tesauro; M., Consonni; Arcolin, Elisa; Malagoli, Carlotta; Mandrioli, Jessica; Marmiroli, Sandra; Sciacca, S. v.; M., Ferrante
abstract
The exact role of environmental risk factors in the etiology of the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis (ALS) is still unknown. Their hypothetical contribution ranges from a minimal impact to
a major role. Among the environmental factors strictu sensu (i.e., not life-style factors) suspected to play
a role in ALS etiology, we consider pesticides, the metalloid selenium, some heavy metals, magnetic fields
and cyanobacteria. However, the possibility exists that these factors exert their activity only in genetically
susceptible persons and only after long-term exposures, thus further hampering epidemiologic studies. The
recent availability of powerful tools such as population-based ALS registries for case ascertainment and
clustering detection, and of environmental modeling techniques and of geographical information systems,
may yield unique opportunities for offering insight into the etiology of the disease.
2012
- GIS methods for health and environmental monitoring and assessment
[Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Teggi, Sergio; Ghermandi, Grazia; Fabbi, Sara; Bigi, Alessandro; Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta
abstract
Very often, health and environmental studies are based on the identification of correlations between population exposure to environmental agents and their effects on population health. Time and space are among the principal variables for this kind of analysis. The latter generates a significant increase in complexity of the study. Spatial analysis requires very different methods and skills, such as those on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and on geostatistics. In this work we describe the models of geographic data (GIS data models) implemented in the framework of several health studies done recently. As an example, we describe the GIS data model generated for the city of Modena. We highlight the potentiality of GIS for health and environmental monitoring and assessment, by describing the GIS data models contents, the elaboration levels and the principal studies for which it has been used so far.
2012
- Leukemia risk in children exposed to benzene and PM10 from vehicular traffic: a case-control study in an Italian population.
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; K. J., Rothman; C. M., Crespi; A., Sterni; A., Cherubini; L., Guerra; G., Maffeis; Ferretti, Enrica; Fabbi, Sara; Teggi, Sergio; D., Consonni; G., De Girolamo; A., Meggiato; G., Palazzi; Paolucci, Paolo; Malagoli, Carlotta
abstract
Benzene, a recognized occupational leukemogen in adults, has been implicated by sparse and conflicting epidemiologic evidence in the etiology of childhood leukemia. We carried out a population-based case-control study in a northern Italy population involving 83 cases with childhood leukemia diagnosed in the years 1998-2009 and 332 matched controls. We assessed residential exposure to benzene and to particulate matter ≤10 µm (PM10) from motorized traffic using geocoded residences and detailed emission and dispersion modeling. Exposure to benzene, and to a lesser extent to PM10, appeared to be independently associated with an excess leukemia risk. When we stratified the study population by age, the relative risk associated with benzene exposure was higher among children aged less than five years. Overall, these findings suggest that low levels of benzene exposure released from motorized traffic may increase the risk of childhood leukemia, and do not rule out an independent effect of PM10.
2012
- Maternal exposure to magnetic fields from high-voltage power lines and the risk of birth defects
[Articolo su rivista]
Malagoli, Carlotta; C. M., Crespi; R., Rodolfi; C., Signorelli; M., Poli; P., Zanichelli; Fabbi, Sara; Teggi, Sergio; L., Garavelli; G., Astolfi; E., Calzolari; C., Lucenti; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
The issue of adverse human health effects due to exposure to electromagnetic fields is still unclear, and congenital anomalies are among the outcomes that have been inconsistently associated with such exposure. We conducted a population-based, case–control study to examine the risk of congenital anomalies associated with maternal exposure to magnetic fields (MF) from high-voltage power lines during pregnancy in a community in northern Italy. We identified 228 cases of congenital malformations diagnosed in live births, stillbirths, and induced abortions among women living in the municipality of Reggio Emilia during the period 1998–2006, and a reference group of healthy newborns was matched for year of birth, maternal age, and hospital of birth. We identified maternal residence during early pregnancy and used Geographic Information System to determine whether the residences were within geocoded corridors with MF ≥0.1 µT near high-voltage power lines, then calculated the relative risk (RR) of congenital anomalies associated with maternal exposure. One case and 5 control mothers were classified as exposed, and the RR associated with MF ≥0.1 µT was 0.2 (95% CI: 0.0–2.0) after adjusting for maternal education. While small or moderate effects may have gone undetected due to low statistical power, the results of this study overall do not provide support for major effects of a teratogenic risk due to exposure to MF during early pregnancy.
2011
- Esposizione a benzene da traffico e leucemia infantile: influenza delle modellistiche di dispersione atmosferica sulla valutazione del rischio.
[Abstract in Rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Sterni, A; Guerra, L; Cherubini, A; Maffeis, G; Ferretti, Enrica; Fabbi, Sara; Teggi, Sergio; De Girolamo, G; Palazzi, G; Paolucci, Paolo
abstract
INTRODUZIONE E OBIETTIVI: Nell’ambito di uno studio di tipo casocontrollo,volto a studiare la relazione tra esposizione al benzene datraffico veicolare nella provincia di Modena e leucemia infantile, abbiamoapplicato in modo indipendente due differenti modelli di dispersione inatmosfera delle emissioni veicolari di tale inquinante, al fine di valutareeventuali differenze indotte dall’uso di queste due metodologie nellavalutazione del rischio di ordine sanitario preso in esame.METODI: Abbiamo identificato e georeferenziato tutti i casi di leucemiainfantile occorsi nel periodo 1998-2009 nella popolazione della provinciadi Modena (n=47) ed un gruppo di controllo costituito da quattro residentiper ciascun paziente aventi medesimo sesso ed età. Abbiamo inoltredefinito una mappa di concentrazione del benzene emesso dal trafficoautoveicolare nel territorio provinciale di Modena utilizzando due modelligaussiani di dispersione in atmosfera, CALINE4 (California Departmentof Transportation line source model) e ADMS (Advanced DispersionModelling System) Urban, associati alla rilevazione dei flussi di trafficonel 2006 e ai relativi fattori di emissione di benzene, utilizzando lo stessoinput meteorologico. Mediante metodologia GIS su cartografia vettoriale,abbiamo attribuito a ciascun bambino il proprio status espositivo a benzenenell’ambito di ciascun modello, calcolando con regressione logisticacondizionata il rischio relativo di leucemia associato alle concentrazioniatmosferiche di benzene.RISULTATI: Il rischio relativo di leucemia nei residenti nelle aree convalori di benzene > 0.5 μg/m3 è risultato essere pari a 1.5 (IC95% 0.8-2.8;P=0.269; P trend=0.670) e 1.2 (IC95% 0.6-2.4; P=0.660; P trend=0.498),utilizzando i dati espositivi rispettivamente generati da CALINE4 ed ADMSUrban.I rischi ottenuti nei residenti nell’area caratterizzata da valori dibenzene superiori alla concentrazione mediana sono stati pari a 1.0 (IC95%0.5-1.8; P=0.895) e 0.9 (IC95% 0.4-1.6; P=0.645), utilizzandorispettivamente il modello CALINE4 e ADMS-Urban.CONCLUSIONI: La nostra indagine suggerisce come aspetti metodologiciassociati alla modellizzazione delle concentrazioni ambientali del benzeneemesso dal traffico veicolare possano influenzare la valutazione deirischi sanitari associati a tale esposizione.
2011
- Indici antropometrici e rischio di melanoma: uno studio caso-controllo di popolazione.
[Abstract in Rivista]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Bergomi, Margherita; Seidenari, Stefania; Pellacani, Giovanni; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Introduzione e obiettiviLo studio da noi effettuato, con disegno caso-controllo di popolazione, si è proposto di analizzare il ruolo di alcune misure antropometriche quali Body Mass Index (BMI) e Body Surface Area (BSA) nell’eziologia del melanoma cutaneo. MetodiAbbiamo identificato i casi di melanoma diagnosticati nel periodo 1999-2002 presso la Clinica Dermatologica del Policlinico di Modena, individuando quali controlli di popolazione residenti estratti a caso dalla popolazione generale della provincia di Modena, con un rapporto caso-controllo 1:1 ed appaiamento ai pazienti per età e sesso. Ad ogni soggetto partecipante abbiamo somministrato un questionario per la raccolta di informazioni relative alla dieta abituale, e di ciascuno abbiamo raccolto le misure di peso ed altezza. Abbiamo quindi calcolato gli indici BMI e BSA, quest’ultima utilizzando l’equazione di Mosteller (BSA(m2)=[altezza(cm) x peso(kg) / 3600]1/2). Abbiamo infine calcolato il rischio relativo di melanoma cutaneo associato ai quartili di BMI e BSA (sulla base della distribuzione nei controlli) utilizzando modelli di regressione logistica condizionata.RisultatiAbbiamo incluso nello studio 59 casi di melanoma e un pari numero di controlli. Il rischio relativo di melanoma associato a BMI e aggiustato per BSA e introito calorico è risultato essere, per il quartile più elevato verso il minore, pari a 0.5 (IC95% 0.2-2.1; P trend 0.393). Il rischio relativo di melanoma associato invece alla BSA, dopo aggiustamento per BMI e introito calorico, è risultato pari a 10.4 nel quartile più elevato (IC95% 1.1-101.4; P trend 0.042). Nell’analisi disaggregata per sesso, è emersa un’associazione tra BSA e rischio di melanoma pari a 5.1 nel quartile più elevato (IC95% 0.4-69.5; P trend 0.200) negli uomini e 6.3 nel quartile più elevato (IC95% 0.3-128.9; P trend 0.030) nelle donne.ConclusioniI risultati da noi ottenuti, pur tenendo conto dell’instabilità statistica delle stime di rischio dovute alle limitate dimensioni della popolazione esaminata, indicano come i diversi indici antropometrici predicano in modo sensibilmente differente il rischio di melanoma, e come l’area della superficie corporea rappresenti, soprattutto per le donne, un fattore di rischio di questa patologia.
2011
- Inverse association between dietary vitamin D and risk of cutaneous melanoma in a Northern Italy population
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Fiorentini, Chiara; Longo, Caterina; Crespi, Cm; Albertini, G; Ricci, C; Lanzoni, A; Reggiani, M; Virgili, A; Osti, F; Lombardi, M; Santini, M; Fanti, Pa; Dika, E; Sieri, S; Krogh, V; Seidenari, Stefania; Pellacani, Giovanni
abstract
The possibility of an inverse association between vitamin D and risk of cancer and, in particular, of cutaneous malignant melanoma has been suggested, but results of epidemiologic studies are still conflicting. We examined the relation between dietary vitamin D intake and melanoma risk through a population-based case-control study (380 cases, 719 controls) in a northern region of Italy, a country with an average vitamin D intake lower than that in northern Europe or the United States. We assessed average daily intake of vitamin D from foodstuffs using the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. In this population, levels of vitamin D intake were considerably lower than those observed in recent U.S. studies. We found an inverse relation between dietary vitamin D and melanoma risk in the sample as a whole, in both crude and adjusted analyses. In sex- and age-specific analyses, this association appeared to be stronger among males and among older subjects. These findings suggest that, at the relatively low levels of intake observed in this sample, an inverse relation between dietary vitamin D and risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma may exist.
2011
- Mapping traffic atmospheric emissions for epidemiological studies using atmospheric dispersion models and geostatistical methods: a case study
[Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Teggi, Sergio; Ghermandi, Grazia; Fabbi, Sara; Malagoli, Carlotta; Vinceti, Marco; L., Guerra; A., Sterni; G., Maffeis
abstract
In some cases, epidemiological studies require the air pollutant concentrations at the exposure points. In these cases air dispersion models represent a very important tool. When additional points of exposure are inserted or when some exposure points must be relocated, spatial interpolators can be used in place of new runs of the air dispersion model. In this work the uncertainties and the problematic related to spatial interpolation methods are inspected. The case studied is based on an epidemiological study aimed to study the risk of childhood leukemia associated with benzene exposure due to traffic emissions. The concentration values of benzene computed by the atmospheric dispersion model ADMS are taken as reference and compared with the concentration values computed using several interpolation methods and additional data sets of concentrations computed by ADMS in the same area. The comparison is done following two approaches: the summary statistics of the differences and the correctness of the assignment of the exposure points to the concentration categories used in the epidemiological study. These comparisons show that the values computed by the interpolators are very problematic: important differences and categories assignment and categories uncertainties were found. The main conclusion of this work is that the use of interpolators must be done with extreme caution. Moreover, it is highlighted the importance and the potential pitfalls of exposure modelling methodologies when assessing the health effects of environmental pollutants
2011
- Methods to assess selenium exposure: evaluation of dietary intake and biomarkers in melanoma patients and population controls.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Storani, Simone; Malagoli, Carlotta; Bottecchi, Iliaria; Ferrari, A; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
.
2011
- Risk of congenital anomalies around a municipal solid waste incinerator
[Capitolo/Saggio]
Vinceti, M.; Malagoli, C.; Fabbi, S.; Teggi, S.; Rodolfi, R.; Garavelli, L.; Astolfi, G.; Rivieri, F.
abstract
Waste incineration releases into the environment toxic substances having a teratogenic potential, but little epidemiologic evidence is available on this topic. We aimed at examining the relation between exposure to the emissions from a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) and risk of birth defects in a northern Italy community, using geographical information system (GIS) data to estimate exposure and a population-based case-control study design. By modeling the incinerator emissions, we defined in the GIS three areas of increasing exposure according to predicted dioxins concentrations. We mapped the 228 births and induced abortions with diagnosis of congenital anomalies observed during the 1998-2006 period, together with a corresponding series of control births matched for year and hospital of birth/abortion as well as maternal age, using maternal address in the first 3 months of pregnancy to geocode cases and controls.
2011
- Stima della esposizione a benzene da traffico veicolare nelle Province di Modena e Reggio Emilia
[Abstract in Rivista]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Cherubini, A; Maffeis, G; Sterni, A; Guerra, L; Fabbi, Sara; Teggi, Sergio; Ferretti, Enrica; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
controllo,volto a studiare la relazione tra leucemia infantile ed esposizioneal benzene da traffico veicolare nelle province di Modena e Reggio Emilia,abbiamo applicato un modello di simulazione deterministico e la metodologiaGIS (Geographical Information System) per studiare la dispersione delleemissioni veicolari di tale inquinante e costruire una mappa espositiva, alfine di valutarne l’eventuale associazione col rischio di leucemia infantile.METODI: Abbiamo individuato e georeferenziato i casi di leucemia infantile(n=83) diagnosticati nei bambini residenti nella province di Modena e ReggioEmilia dal 1998 ad oggi ed una popolazione di controllo costituita da quattrosoggetti per ciascun paziente, appaiati per sesso, età e provincia di residenza.Abbiamo quindi definito una mappa della dispersione delle emissioniautoveicolari di benzene con l’utilizzazione dei dati relativi ai flussi di trafficonel periodo 2005-06 sulle principali vie di circolazione sui due territoriprovinciali, alle emissioni ad essi associabili ed alla dispersione in atmosfera,utilizzando per quest’ultima stima il modello gaussiano CALINE4 (CaliforniaDepartment of Transportation line source model). Infine, abbiamo attribuitoin ambito GIS a ciascun bambino il proprio status espositivo.RISULTATI: I soggetti inclusi nello studio sono risultati caratterizzati,presso le loro residenze, da concentrazioni annuali di benzene legatealle sole emissioni da traffico comprese aventi una media di 0.41 μg/m3 e una mediana di 0.26 μg/m3, con concentrazioni massime su baseoraria comprese tra 0.79 e 15.16 μg/m3. Restringendo le analisi allasola popolazione di controllo, 241 soggetti sono risultati residenti in unaarea caratterizzata da una concentrazione media annuale di benzeneinferiore a 0.5 μg/m3; 62 soggetti sono risultati residenti in una zonacaratterizzata da concentrazioni comprese tra e”0.5 e <1.0 μg/m3 e 29soggetti sono risultati abitare in aree con concentrazioni e”1.0 μg/m3.Le stime fornite dalla modellistica in riferimento ai punti di localizzazionedelle centraline di rilevazione del benzene sono apparse complessamentesoddisfacenti, suggerendo la sostanziale validità dell’approcciometodologico utilizzato.CONCLUSIONI: L’applicazione di questa modellistica si è dimostrataefficace nello stimarelo status espositivo a benzene nella popolazione presa in esame ed hasuggerito livelli di concentrazioni ambientali relativamente contenuti,sensibilmente inferiori a quelli documentati dalle rilevazioni strumentalie dai dati di letteratura disponibili per gli anni ‘90.
2010
- Atmospheric dispersion modelling for the assessment of population exposure to contaminants emitted by municipal waste incinerators
[Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Teggi, Sergio; Ghermandi, Grazia; Fabbi, Sara; Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta
abstract
In this work two examples of the use of pollutants atmospheric dispersion modelling for the study of the risk of spontaneous abortion and birth of congenital anomalies due to the emissions from municipal waste incineration plants are shown. The main purposes of the work are to show the importance of atmospheric dispersion modelling for epidemiological studies and to discuss advantages and disadvantages of the different models used. For this study the emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls (PCDD/F) from the municipal waste incinerators of Modena (Italy, Case A) and of Reggio Emilia (Italy, Case B) have been considered. Ground-level (0 – 10 m) concentrations of PCDD/F over the city of Modena were computed using the ARIA Industry dispersion model for the period from 1 October, 2005 to 1 October, 2006. Ground-level concentrations of PCDD/F over the city of Reggio Emilia were computed using the WinDimula 3.0 model for the years 1999, 2000 and 2001, and for the period from 1 July, 2005 to 30 June, 2006. The ground level concentration grids computed by the models were exported in a GIS along with rates of spontaneous abortion and prevalence at birth of congenital anomalies in women residing or working near the incinerators. Successively, the maps of exposure to PCDD/F and of risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes have been computed in the GIS environment. In both the cases the study results provide little evidence of an excess risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to emissions from a modern municipal solid waste incinerator.
2010
- Campi elettromagnetici e suicidio: un protocollo di studio
[Abstract in Rivista]
N., Borciani; Malagoli, Carlotta; R., Rodolfi; F., Luberto; Bergomi, Margherita; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
L’esposizione a campi elettromagnetici può provocare effetti sulla salute. In particolare alcuni studi hanno evidenziato una possibile correlazione tra la esposizione a campi elettromagnetici a frequenze estremamente basse generati dalle linee elettriche ad alta tensione ed alcune patologie quali leucemie infantili e tumori cerebrali. Altri studi hanno inoltre proposto la presenza di una associazione tra la residenza in prossimità di elettrodotti e l’occorrenza di sindromi depressive e suicidi.Abbiamo così steso un protocollo per la conduzione di uno studio di tipo caso-controllo da realizzare con l’ausilio di procedure di georeferenziazione GIS (Geographical Information System) nel territorio di Reggio Emilia. Tale studio si pone i seguenti obiettivi: costruire una mappa di patologia che mostri la distribuzione territoriale dei suicidi occorsi fra i residenti del comune di Reggio Emilia nel periodo 1989-2008; studiare la correlazione tra suicidi e l’esposizione a campi elettromagnetici generati dalle linee elettriche ad alta tensione; identificare eventuali aggregati spaziali di tale fenomeno. Saranno identificati tutti i casi di suicidio occorsi dal 1989 al 2008 nei residenti nel comune di Reggio Emilia. Per ciascuno di essi saranno estratti casualmente dalla popolazione residente due controlli dello stesso sesso ed anno di nascita. Di ogni soggetto in studio saranno ricercati la residenza al momento del suicidio, la professione ed il titolo di studio consultando i registri informatizzati e cartacei dell’anagrafe comunale. Con una simulazione modellistica calcoleremo il campo magnetico generato dalle linee elettriche ad alta tensione (>132kV) presenti sul territorio comunale ed identificheremo fasce di esposizione lungo gli elettrodotti caratterizzate da induzione magnetica con cutoff pari a 0.1, 0.2 e 0.4 microtesla (µT).In un progetto GIS inseriremo le localizzazioni delle abitazioni dei casi e dei rispettivi controlli (dopo avere attribuito ad ogni edificio le proprie coordinate cartografiche) e le aree espositive identificate lungo gli elettrodotti al fine di attribuire ad ogni soggetto il proprio status espositivo.Sarà così elaborata una ‘mappa di patologia’ che descriverà la distribuzione dei casi di suicidio nel territorio del comune di Reggio Emilia e che permetterà, con opportune analisi di cluster, di individuare la presenza di possibili aggregati spaziali. Inoltre, utilizzando modelli multivariati di regressione logistica condizionata e tenendo conto dei possibili fattori confondenti, sarà calcolato il rischio relativo di suicidio associato alla residenza nelle aree a crescente esposizione ai campi elettromagnetici generati da linee elettriche ad alta tensione.
2010
- Epidemiologia ambientale: attualità e prospettive
[Capitolo/Saggio]
Vinceti, Marco; Righi, Elena; Malagoli, Carlotta; Fantuzzi, Guglielmina
abstract
Le tematiche prese in esame dall’epidemiologia ambientale appaiono oggi sempre più rilevanti e nello stesso tempo più complesse rispetto al passato, ponendo ai ricercatori sfide particolarmente impegnative. L’attenzione posta dall’opinione pubblica e dalle istituzioni politico-amministrative nei confronti dei determinanti ambientali di rischio è molto elevata, si pensi a tematiche come il rischio sanitario di insediamenti industriali, l’inquinamento da traffico, i rischi legati ai campi elettromagnetici, la pericolosità di pesticidi, contaminanti organici clorurati e metalli pesanti. Quindi sempre maggior impegno dovrebbe essere posto dai ricercatori sia nel condurre studi sulle problematiche dell’epidemiologia ambientale sia nel contribuire ad una definizione più chiara del suo ambito di competenza affinchè si possa anche rafforzarne il ruolo nei suoi aspetti formativi e metodologici all’interno dei curricula di corsi di laurea, scuole di specializzazione, dottorati di ricerca e master.
2010
- Esposizione a benzene e rischio di leucemia infantile: studio caso-controllo realizzato con metodologia GIS.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Ferretti, Enrica; Fabbi, Sara; Teggi, Sergio; Sterni, A; Guerra, L; Palazzi, G; Paolucci, Paolo; Bergomi, Margherita; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
.
2010
- Esposizione a benzene e rischio di neoplasie ematologiche infantili: un protocollo di studio.
[Abstract in Rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Fabbi, Sara; Teggi, Sergio; Guerra, L; Sterni, A; Maffeis, G; Ferretti, Enrica; Palazzi, G; Paolucci, Paolo; Bergomi, Margherita
abstract
OBIETTIVILe neoplasie ematologiche sono patologie a probabile eziologia multifattoriale: oltre a fattori di tipo genetico infatti, possono essere indotte o favorite da fattori ambientali quali contaminanti chimici e radiazioni ionizzanti. In particolare, esistono in letteratura alcune indicazioni che suggeriscono un’associazione tra esposizione a benzene e rischio di leucemia sia nell’età adulta che in quella pediatrica, anche se il numero degli studi è ancora molto limitato e i relativi risultati non sono concordi. Abbiamo messo a punto un protocollo finalizzato alla realizzazione di uno studio caso-controllo nei bambini residenti in aree urbane di due province del nord Italia con l’obiettivo di identificare un possibile aumento del rischio di leucemia e più in generale di neoplasie del sistema linfoematopoietico (codici ICD-9 200-208) in relazione a diversi livelli espositivi a benzene da traffico veicolare.MATERIALIIntendiamo individuare tutti i casi di tali patologie diagnosticati in età compresa tra 0 e 13 anni tra i residenti nelle province di Modena e Reggio Emilia a partire dal 1986, utilizzando il Registro nazionale AIEOP. A questi pazienti affiancheremo una popolazione di controllo, costituita da quattro bambini non ammalati per ciascun caso caratterizzati da medesimo sesso, anno di nascita e provincia di residenza; tali controlli saranno estratti casualmente dalla popolazione residente. La valutazione espositiva di ciascun soggetto incluso nello studio verrà effettuata in ambiente GIS (Geographical Information System). Nel progetto GIS verranno inserite una simulazione modellistica della dispersione delle emissioni autoveicolari di benzene sull’intero territorio delle due province e le localizzazioni delle residenze dei bambini al momento della diagnosi. Intendiamo così individuare per ogni bambino la residenza al momento della diagnosi mediante consultazione dei registri anagrafici comunali informatizzati e cartacei, intervista ai medici di famiglia e ricerche dirette. Ad ogni indirizzo attribuiremo quindi le coordinate cartografiche del baricentro dell’edificio presenti nelle cartografie tecniche o rilevate direttamente sul posto tramite un sistema di posizionamento satellitare GPS. Per ogni soggetto raccoglieremo inoltre informazioni relative a titolo di studio, professione e reddito di entrambi i genitori. Calcoleremo infine il rischio di leucemia e di neoplasie linfoematopoietiche associato ai diversi livelli espositivi a benzene utilizzando modelli multivariati di regressione logistica condizionata e di ‘natural spline regression’, tenendo conto dei possibili fattori confondenti e cercando di identificare eventuali modificatori di effetto.
2010
- Evaluation of the drinking water selenium standard: an update.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Vinceti, Marco; Bonvicini, Francesca; Bergomi, Margherita; Malagoli, Carlotta
abstract
Recent studies suggesting a diabetogenic activity of selenium (Se) have raised concern about the human health effects of this metalloid of considerable nutritional and toxicological interest. Uncertainties exist about the adequate environmental levels of this metalloid, in particular, regarding the safe upper standard in drinking water, considering the very few epidemiologic studies carried out on this topic.We summarize results of our epidemiologic studies on long-term effects of consumption of municipal tapwater with naturally-occurring unusually high levels of Se (7-9 µg/l), within a non-seleniferous Italian area. Speciation analyses demonstrated that in that tapwater Se was almost entirely present in its hexavalent inorganic form, selenate. After checking for potential confounders, long-term consumers of the high-Se drinking water experienced no substantial change in overall mortality and in prevalence at birth of congenital anomalies, whilst incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and of some site-specific cancers exceeded that expected on the basis of reference rates. No beneficial effect on prostate cancer risk emerged, consistently with results of a recently published large trial carried out in the US.Our results are corroborated by laboratory studies, which demonstrated that inorganic (tetravalent) Se is toxic at concentrations as low as 0,8 µg/l, also confirming that toxicity of inorganic Se species far exceeds that of the organic forms.Overall, these findings indicate that current WHO drinking water upper Se standard, 10 µg/l, might be inadequate to protect human health, suggesting the need for additional epidemiologic studies on health effects of exposure to specific Se species through drinking water.
2010
- Exposure to selenium and risk of cutaneous melanoma.
[Abstract in Rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Ferrari, Angela; Storani, Simone; Pellacani, Giovanni; Seidenari, Stefania
abstract
Selenium (Se) is a metalloid of strong toxicological and nutritional interest in human health, and both beneficial and adverse effects on the risk of human cancer have been suggested on the basis of epidemiologic and laboratory studies. A recent trial has shown no beneficial effects of Se on cancer risk, and two prospective studies indicated an excess incidence of melanoma among subjects with the highest Se exposure. We investigated this possible association through a population-based case-control study in an Italian community.Fifty-nine patients with newly-diagnosed cutaneous melanoma and fifty-nine population controls residing in the city of Modena, northern Italy, reported details about their life-style and dietary habits and yielded a blood sample. We assessed serum Se concentrations through atomic absorption spectrometry, and we calculated the relative risk (RR) of melanoma with its 95% confidence interval (CI) associated with serum Se concentrations through conditional and unconditional logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounders.RR of melanoma was increased in the middle tertile (2.2, 95% CI 0.7-6.9) and in the upper tertile (4.4, 95% CI 1.5-12.6) of serum Se levels, as compared to subjects in the bottom tertile, with P for linear trend of 0.001. These results were substantially confirmed after adjustment for potential confounders such as family history of melanoma, number of atypical nevi, sun exposure, history of sunburns, and education. Serum Se levels were associated to dietary intake of Se, as evaluated through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, in patients but not in controls.In this population, disease risk was strongly associated with a biological indicator of Se exposure, serum Se concentration, though risk estimates were statistically unstable due to the small sample size. Study findings appear to confirm that exposure to environmental Se increases the risk of cutaneous melanoma.
2010
- INCINERATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AND RISK OF SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
[Abstract in Rivista]
N., Borciani; R., Rodolfi; G., Carlinfante; Malagoli, Carlotta; Vinceti, Marco; Bergomi, Margherita
abstract
Soft-tissue sarcoma is a rare neoplasia of the connective tissue with unknown etiology. Heavy metals and dioxins, which are also emitted by municipal solid waste incinerators, are among the environmental factors suspected to play a role in its etiology.We assessed the possible relation between long-term exposure to emissions of a municipal solid waste incinerator and risk of soft-tissue sarcoma in the Italian municipality of Reggio Emilia through a population-based case-control study. We identified 50 cases of newly-diagnosed sarcomas from 2001 to 2008, and we randomly selected 4 population controls for each case, matched for sex and age. We identified and geocoded residential history of study subjects, and we identified two areas of intermediate and high exposure to emissions of the city solid waste incinerator. All this information was added to a Geographical Information System database, to assess exposure status of study subjects and to calculate the associated relative risk (RR) of soft-tissue sarcoma with its 95% confidence interval (CI) in a conditional logistic regression model. Three cases of soft tissue sarcoma occurred among previously exposed subjects. Residence in one of the two exposed areas was associated with a RR of 0.52 (CI 0.12-2.37) at disease diagnosis and with a RR of 1.10 (CI 0.28-4.35) 20 years before, after adjusting for educational attainment. When we limited the analysis to highly exposed subjects, we found a RR relative risk of 1.93 (CI 0.32-11.71) at diagnosis and of 3.70 (CI 0.72-18.97) 20 years before. No dose-response relation between exposure status and disease risk emerged.Overall, risk of soft-tissue sarcoma was increased among subjects with high exposure to incinerator emissions, but risk estimates were statistically very unstable and no evidence of dose-response relation emerged. Larger studies are required to confirm a relation between emissions from waste incineration and incidence of soft-tissue sarcoma.
2010
- Possible involvement of overexposure to environmental selenium in the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A short review
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Bonvicini, Francesca; Bergomi, Margherita; Malagoli, Carlotta
abstract
Excess exposure to the metalloid selenium (Se), a trace element with both toxicologicaland nutritional properties, has been implicated in the etiology of a human motor neuron diseaseof unknown origin and extremely severe prognosis, sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).This relation has been suggested on the basis of two epidemiologic investigations which found anincreased risk of ALS associated with residence in a seleniferous area or with consumption of drinkingwater with unusually high levels of inorganic hexavalent Se, in South Dakota and in northernItaly respectively. Biological plausibility to a Se-ALS relation is provided by veterinary medicineobservations and toxicological studies, showing that Se, particularly the inorganic forms, has a selectivetoxicity to motor neurons in swine and in cattle. Neurotoxic effects of Se species have also beendemonstrated in laboratory studies and, for the inorganic forms, even at very low concentrations.Selenium has also been shown to affect muscle function in experimental animal models. Overall,these findings from the epidemiologic and the toxicological literature indicate that environmental Se,particularly in its inorganic forms and at unexpectedly low levels of exposure, might be a risk factorfor ALS, suggesting the opportunity to further investigate this issue.
2010
- Residence near power lines and risk of birth defects.
[Abstract in Rivista]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Rodolfi, R; Fabbi, Sara; Teggi, Sergio; Garavelli, L; Astolfi, G; Rivieri, F; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Background and ObjectiveThe adverse effects on human health of electromagnetic fields are still unclear and congenital anomalies are among the outcomes which have been associated to such exposure. We conducted a case-control study to examine the risk of birth defects associated with maternal exposure to electromagnetic fields from high-voltage power lines during pregnancy in a northern Italy community. Methods We identified all cases of congenital malformations diagnosed during the period 1998-2006 in live- and stillbirths and induced abortions to women living in Reggio Emilia. As a control group, we selected at random a healthy newborn for each case, matched for year of birth, maternal age and hospital of birth. We geocoded each mother’s resident address during the first trimester of pregnancy in a GIS (Geographical Information System) project. We also calculated the cutpoints of magnetic field density of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 microtesla (μT) around high-voltage power lines (>132kV) crossing the municipal territory, inputting the corresponding polylines into the GIS to define exposure corridors. We eventually calculated the risk of prevalence of birth defects associated with maternal exposure to magnetic fields from power lines using a conditional logistic regression model and adjusting for some confounding factors.ResultsWe identified 228 cases of birth defects and a corresponding number of control births. Two case and five control mothers had been residing during the first trimester of pregnancy in corridors with magnetic field intensity >0.1 μT. The risk of congenital malformations associated with the maternal residence during the first trimester of pregnancy in the corridors with exposure >0.1 μT was 0.4 (95% CI 0.1-2.3, P = 0.338) after adjustment for maternal age and education. Conclusions These observations do not suggest that exposure to electromagnetic fields during early pregnancy is associated with excess teratogenic risk.
2010
- Residenza in prossimità delle linee elettriche ad alta tensione e rischio di malformazioni congenite: uno studio caso-controllo
[Abstract in Rivista]
Malagoli, Carlotta; R., Rodolfi; N., Borciani; Fabbi, Sara; Teggi, Sergio; M., Riccò; L., Garavelli; G., Astolfi; F., Rivieri; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Gli effetti sulla salute riproduttiva dei campi elettromagnetici da radiazioni a frequenza estremamente bassa non sono ancora del tutto chiari. Abbiamo così realizzato uno studio caso-controllo tra le donne residenti nel comune di Reggio Emilia per studiare la relazione tra residenza materna durante il primo trimestre di gravidanza in prossimità delle linee elettriche ad alta tensione (>132kV) e il riscontro di malformazioni congenite nella progenie.Abbiamo identificato tutti i casi di malformazioni congenite verificatisi nel periodo 1998-2006. Per ciascuno abbiamo estratto un controllo appaiato per anno di nascita, struttura ospedaliera ed età materna. Di ogni madre è stata ricercata la residenza. Tramite modellistica abbiamo calcolato il campo magnetico lungo le linee elettriche. Abbiamo calcolato quindi il rischio di malformazioni congenite nella progenie associato alla residenza della madre in aree esposte a un campo magnetico >0.1 μT.Abbiamo identificato 228 casi di malformazioni congenite. Solo le madri di 2 casi e di 5 controlli sono risultate residenti durante i primi tre mesi di gravidanza in aree con campo magnetico di intensità >0.1 μT. Il rischio di malformazioni nella progenie di donne esposte è risultato essere uguale a 0.4, con intervalli di confidenza al 95% pari a 0.1-2.3.Il nostro studio non ha evidenziato un aumento del rischio di anomalie congenite nella progenie di donne che hanno risieduto durante la prima parte della gravidanza in aree caratterizzate da campi magnetici >0.1 μT.
2010
- Rischio di neoplasie ematologiche infantili e status socioeconomico
[Abstract in Rivista]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Borciani, N; Bigi, G; Palazzi, G; Paolucci, Paolo; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
OBIETTIVIAlcuni fattori ambientali quali radiazioni ionizzanti, benzene, pesticidi e sostanze alchilanti, nonché alterazioni genetiche, sono già state identificate con certezza come agenti eziologici delle patologie ematologiche maligne in età infantile. Esistono indicazioni anche a favore di un’associazione tra basso status socioeconomico ed incidenza di tali patologie in età pediatrica, la cui esistenza e significato sono tuttavia incerti. Abbiamo preso in esame questa problematica nell’ambito di uno studio caso-controllo in un’area dell’Italia settentrionale.MATERIALIUtilizzando il Registro nazionale AIEOP, abbiamo individuato tutti i casi di patologia linfoematologica maligna (codici ICD-9 200-208) verificatisi negli anni 1986-2006 tra i bambini fino all’età di 13 anni residenti a Modena e Reggio Emilia, due comuni del nord Italia di 180.000 e 160.000 abitanti rispettivamente. Abbiamo estratto casualmente dagli archivi anagrafici dei due comuni quattro controlli per ciascun caso, appaiati per sesso, anno di nascita e comune di residenza. Di ogni soggetto abbiamo raccolto alcuni indicatori caratterizzanti lo stato socioeconomico del nucleo familiare, ovvero il titolo di studio e il reddito di entrambi i genitori. Mediante regressione logistica condizionata per dati appaiati, abbiamo calcolato il rischio relativo di patologia ematologica maligna associato allo status socio-economico.RIASSUNTONel periodo studiato sono stati diagnosticati 64 casi di patologie ematologiche maligne, 30 residenti a Modena e 34 a Reggio Emilia. Di questi, 46 sono leucemie (72%), 8 linfo- e reticolosarcomi (12%), 5 malattie di Hodgkin (8%) e 5 malattie di Letterer-Siwe (8%). 36 leucemie sono del tipo linfoide acuto (56% del totale). Il rischio di sviluppare tali patologie associato al titolo di studio dei genitori è risultato essere pari a 0,9 (IC 95% 0,6-1,4; P=0,556), quello associato al reddito del padre 1,0 (IC 95% 0,8-1,4; P=0,778). I risultati rimangono invariati restringendo le analisi ai soli casi di leucemia oppure alle sole leucemie linfoidi acute. Non è stato possibile prendere in considerazione nelle elaborazioni il reddito materno in quanto tale dato era irrecuperabile per la maggior parte dei soggetti.CONCLUSIONII risultati ottenuti non sembrano suggerire la presenza di associazioni tra status socioeconomico familiare e rischio di patologie ematologiche maligne infantili. Tuttavia riteniamo necessario approfondire la raccolta delle caratteristiche di questi nuclei familiari per poter così prendere in considerazione altri dei molteplici aspetti necessari per una definizione più articolata e completa dello status socioeconomico.
2010
- Risk of hematological malignancies associated with magnetic fields exposure from power lines: a case-control study in two municipalities of northern Italy
[Articolo su rivista]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Fabbi, Sara; Teggi, Sergio; M., Calzari; M., Poli; E., Ballotti; B., Notari; M., Bruni; G., Palazzi; Paolucci, Paolo; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
BackgroundSome epidemiologic studies have suggested an association between electromagnetic field exposure induced by high voltage power lines and childhood leukemia, but null results have also been yielded and the possibility of bias due to unmeasured confounders has been suggested.MethodsWe studied this relation in the Modena and Reggio Emilia municipalities of northern Italy, identifying the corridors along high voltage power lines with calculated magnetic field intensity in the 0.1-<0.2, 0.2-<0.4, and ≥ 0.4 microTesla ranges. We identified 64 cases of newly-diagnosed hematological malignancies in children aged <14 within these municipalities from 1986 to 2007, and we sampled four matched controls for each case, collecting information on historical residence and parental socioeconomic status of these subjects.ResultsRelative risk of leukemia associated with antecedent residence in the area with exposure ≥ 0.1 microTesla was 3.2 (6.7 adjusting for socioeconomic status), but this estimate was statistically very unstable, its 95% confidence interval being 0.4-23.4, and no indication of a dose-response relation emerged. Relative risk for acute lymphoblastic leukemia was 5.3 (95% confidence interval 0.7-43.5), while there was no increased risk for the other hematological malignancies.ConclusionsThough the number of exposed children in this study was too low to allow firm conclusions, results were more suggestive of an excess risk of leukemia among exposed children than of a null relation.
2010
- Selenium in serum, toenails and diet in an italian population
[Abstract in Rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Ferrari, Angela
abstract
Background. Selenium is a trace element of strong toxicological and nutritional interest, and its deficiency and excess have been involved in the etiology of several human diseases. Uncertainties exist about current selenium status in the Italian population and the optimal methodologies to be used to assess intake of this metalloid in epidemiologic studies.Applied techniques. We analyzed in 56 randomly selected residents in Modena, a municipality of northern Italy, the selenium concentrations in serum and in toenails and the dietary intake of the metalloid. We also investigated the correlations between these indicators of selenium exposure. Serum and toenail selenium levels were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman background correction and neutron activation analysis, respectively, and dietary intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and a specifically developed database of selenium content in foods. Correlation analysis was carried out by calculating Spearman correlation coefficient.Important results. Mean serum selenium concentration was 85.9 µg/l, with a median value of 89.2 and a standard deviation of 21.7. Average levels were higher in females (89.7) than in males (81.2). Mean toenail selenium was 0.65 µg/g, with higher values in females (0.68) than in males (0.61). Dietary selenium intake averaged 59.4 µg/day (standard deviation 19.7), with slightly higher figures for males (60.1) than for females (58.8). We found an association of serum selenium concentrations with toenail levels of the metalloid (P=0.045) but not with dietary intake (P=0.285). Despite the limitations of the study due to the small sample size, these observations clearly indicate the complexity of assessing selenium status, suggesting an association between biological indicators of exposure such as serum and toenail selenium content, and little relation between dietary intake and biomarkers.
2010
- Stima della esposizione a benzene da traffico veicolare in provincia di Modena.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Ferretti, Enrica; Malagoli, Carlotta; Sterni, A; Guerra, L; Fabbi, Sara; Teggi, Sergio; Palazzi, G; Paolucci, Paolo; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
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2010
- Valutazione dell’assunzione di selenio: aspetti metodologici
[Abstract in Rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Ferrari, Angela; Storani, Simone; Bonvicini, Francesca; Bergomi, Margherita
abstract
Il selenio è un oligoelemento di notevole interesse tossicologico e nutrizionale e la sua carenza o il suo eccesso possono avere gravi effetti sulla salute umana. Tuttavia esistono incertezze in merito all’assunzione attuale di selenio nella popolazione italiana e alle metodologie ottimali da utilizzare per valutare l'assunzione di questo metalloide nell’ambito degli studi epidemiologici. In un campione di 56 residenti di una provincia dell’Italia settentrionale, abbiamo analizzato le concentrazioni di selenio nel siero e nelle unghie dei piedi e l'assunzione mediante la dieta, analizzando la correlazione tra questi indicatori di esposizione. I livelli di selenio nel siero e nelle unghie sono stati determinati mediante spettrometria ad assorbimento atomico e attivazione neutronica, rispettivamente, mentre l’assunzione dietetica è stata stimata con il questionario EPIC. La concentrazione sierica media di selenio è risultata 85,9µg/l, con deviazione standard (DS) 21,7, e livelli più elevati nelle femmine. Le concentrazioni nelle unghie sono risultate pari a 0,65µg/g, con valori più elevati nelle donne. L’apporto dietetico di selenio è stato pari a 59,4 µg/die (DS 19,7), con valori leggermente superiori nei maschi. Le concentrazioni di selenio nel siero sono risultate associate ai livelli nelle unghie (P=0,045) ma non all'assunzione alimentare (P=0,285). Nonostante i limiti dello studio soprattutto a causa delle ridotte dimensioni del campione, queste osservazioni indicano chiaramente la complessità della valutazione dello stato del selenio nell’uomo, suggerendo una stretta relazione tra indicatori biologici di esposizione ed un limitato rapporto tra essi e la stima dell’assunzione del metalloide attraverso la dieta.
2009
- Association Between High Selenium Intake and Subsequent Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in an Italian Population
[Abstract in Rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Stranges, S; Sieri, S; Grioni, S; Malagoli, Carlotta; Muti, P; Berrino, F; Krogh, V.
abstract
abstract
2009
- Possible involvement of environmental selenium in the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
[Abstract in Rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Bonvicini, Francesca; Bergomi, Margherita; Malagoli, Carlotta
abstract
The metalloid selenium (Se) is of considerable interest in environmental health, since it has both toxicological and nutritional properties, though these potential effects are still debated and not entirely elucidated. The safe range of Se intake in the human has not been clearly defined, but it appears to be very narrow, as also confirmed by recent epidemiologic and laboratory studies. Moreover, it is well recognized that the different Se compounds have distinctive biological activities, and the inorganic species appear to be the most toxic ones, despite being retained in the body to a much lesser extent than the organic forms.Two epidemiologic investigations carried out in South Dakota and in northern Italy have suggested that environmental Se species, particularly the inorganic ones, might be involved in the etiology of a severe motor neuron disease of unknown origin, sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Veterinary medicine observations and toxicological studies have shown that some Se compounds have, in swine and in cattle, a selective toxicity to motor neurons, thus strengthening the still limited epidemiologic evidence. Furthermore, neurotoxic effects of Se species have been shown in several laboratory studies and even at very low concentrations, particularly for the inorganic species. Following Se treatment, a decrease in locomotor activity in rats, hind limb paralysis and cardiorespiratory effects in mice, and paralysis in an experimental worm model have been observed. In laboratory studies carried out using inorganic and less frequently organic Se forms in different animal species, the metalloid has been shown to interfere with several pathogenetic mechanisms potentially related to neurotoxicity, such as inhibition of prostaglandin D synthase in the brain, inhibition of squalene monooxigenase with potential cholesterol synthesis abnormalities, peripheral segmental demelination, and paralysis, increase in dopamine and its metabolies, inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase, acetylcholine esterase and Na+/K+ ATPase, and induction of seizures. Se has also been shown to induce toxic effects in rabbit vascular muscle, in rat heart muscle and in chick muscle, and in addition to inhibit axonal conduction and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, indicating the capacity of this metalloid to alter both nervous and muscle functions.Overall, these findings from the epidemiologic and the toxicological literature indicate that environmental Se, particularly when occurring in its inorganic forms in drinking waters or occupational settings, might be a risk factor for ALS, suggesting the opportunity to further investigate this issue.
2009
- Residence near power lines and risk of childhood leukemia in two northern Italy municipalities
[Abstract in Rivista]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Vinceti, Marco; M., Calzari; Fabbi, Sara; Teggi, Sergio; G., Palazzi; Paolucci, Paolo; M., Poli; E., Ballotti; B., Notari; M., Bruni
abstract
Background and ObjectiveSome epidemiologic studies suggested an association between electromagnetic fields exposure, such as that induced by residence near high-voltage power lines, and childhood leukemia, but null results have also been yielded and the possibility of bias induced by unmeasured confounders has been suggested.Methods We identified the corridors along the high-voltage power lines in the municipalities of Modena and Reggio Emilia, northern Italy, with estimated magnetic fields exposure cutoffs of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 µT. We identified all cases of leukemia diagnosed in children (age 0-13) residing in these two municipalities during the 1986-2006 period through a nation-wide hospital-based registry. As a control group, we randomly selected four residents for each case, matched for year of birth, sex and municipality of residence. We collected information about historical residence and about parental educational attainment of all study subjects. We included this information in a GIS database and we calculated the risk of childhood leukemia associated with residence for at least 6 months in the exposed area.Results Among the 47 cases and 188 controls included in the study, only 1 case and 2 controls had an historical residence in the exposed areas. The risk of leukemia associated with antecedent residence in the area with exposure exceeding 0.1 µT was 2.0 (4.16 in the analysis adjusted for parental education), but this estimate was statistically very unstable, its 95% confidence interval being 0.2-22.1.ConclusionThe number of exposed children in this study was too low to allow firm conclusions, suggesting the need to substantially increase the study population. Though on the basis of these results an excess risk of leukemia among children exposed to electromagnetic fields from high-voltage power lines cannot be ruled out, the possibility of no association must also be considered.
2009
- Rischio di leucemia linfoide acuta nei bambini esposti ai campi elettromagnetici generati dagli elettrodotti in due comuni del Nord Italia
[Abstract in Rivista]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Fabbi, Sara; Teggi, Sergio; Palazzi, G; Paolucci, Paolo; Calzari, Mg; Poli, M; Ballotti, E; Zanichelli, P; Sesti, D; Notari, B; Bruni, M; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
1.ObiettiviL’eziologia delle leucemie è stata attribuita a fattori di tipo ambientale quali radiazioni ionizzanti e non ionizzanti, benzene, pesticidi e sostanze alchilanti, nonché ad alterazioni genetiche. Esistono numerose indicazioni, anche se non del tutto concordanti, a favore di un’associazione tra elevate esposizioni a campi elettromagnetici a bassa frequenza e rischio di leucemia linfoide acuta (LLA) in età pediatrica. Abbiamo condotto uno studio caso-controllo per identificare un possibile aumento del rischio di LLA nei bambini residenti in prossimità delle linee elettriche ad alta tensione in due comuni del nord Italia. 2.Metodi Abbiamo individuato tutti i casi di LLA infantile (0-13 anni) diagnosticati nel periodo 1986-2006 tra i residenti nei comuni di Modena e Reggio Emilia ed appaiato a ciascuno di essi quattro controlli dello stesso sesso, anno di nascita e comune di residenza, estratti casualmente dagli archivi anagrafici. Di ogni soggetto è stata poi scrupolosamente ricostruita la storia residenziale. Il calcolo della induzione magnetica (stimata tramite modellistica) nelle aree limitrofe alle linee elettriche ad alta tensione che attraversano i due comuni, ha permesso di individuare delle fasce territoriali caratterizzate da livelli di campo elettromagnetico con cut offs di 0,1, 0,2 e 0,4 microtesla (µT). L’identificazione dello status espositivo dei soggetti è stato effettuato mediante posizionamento geografico territoriale su cartografia vettoriale con metodologia GIS (Geographical Information System) e attribuzione della fascia di appartenenza.Abbiamo quindi calcolato il rischio relativo di LLA associato alla residenza in prossimità delle linee elettriche ad alta tensione mediante regressione logistica condizionata per dati appaiati e aggiustata per alcuni fattori confondenti.3.Risultati Abbiamo identificato 36 casi di LLA ed appaiato ad essi 144 controlli. Il rischio di leucemia associato alla residenza per almeno sei mesi in un’area con esposizione maggiore di 0,1 µT è risultato pari a 1,4 (IC 95% 0,2-8,0; P=0.707) nell’analisi grezza ed a 2,7 (IC 95% 0,3-20,6; P=0,347) dopo aggiustamento per titolo di studio paterno.4.ConclusioniIl rischio stimato con le nostre analisi risulta particolarmente instabile sotto il profilo statistico. Tuttavia i risultati sembrano suggerire un eccesso di rischio di LLA nella popolazione infantile esposta ai campi elettromagnetici generate dai conduttori di alta tensione, di entità pari a quello riscontrato in altre recenti indagini epidemiologiche.
2009
- Risk of chronic low-dose selenium overexposure in humans: insights from epidemiology and biochemistry.
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Maraldi, Tullia; Bergomi, Margherita; Malagoli, Carlotta
abstract
The latest developments of epidemiologic and biochemical research suggest that current upper limits of intake for dietary selenium and for overall selenium exposure may be inadequate to protect human health. In particular, recent experimental and observational prospective studies indicate a diabetogenic effect of selenium at unexpectedly low levels of intake. Experimental evidence from laboratory studies and veterinary medicine appears to confirm previous epidemiologic observations that selenium overexposure is associated with an increased risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and a recent large trial indicated no beneficial effect in preventing prostate cancer. Moreover, the pro-oxidant properties of selenium species and the observation that the selenium-containing enzymes glutathione peroxidases are induced by oxidative stress imply that the increase in enzymatic activity induced by this metalloid may represent at least in part a compensatory response. Taken together, the data indicate that the upper safe limit of organic and inorganic selenium intake in humans may be lower than has been thought and that low-dose chronic overexposure to selenium may be considerably more widespread than supposed.
2009
- Risk of congenital anomalies around a municipal solid waste incinerator: a GIS-based case-control study.
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Fabbi, Sara; Teggi, Sergio; Rodolfi, R.; Garavelli, L.; Astolfi, G.; Rivieri, F.
abstract
BACKGROUND: Waste incineration releases into the environment toxic substances having a teratogenic potential, but little epidemiologic evidence is available on this topic. We aimed at examining the relation between exposure to the emissions from a municipal solid waste incinerator and risk of birth defects in a northern Italy community, using Geographical Information System (GIS) data to estimate exposure and a population-based case-control study design. By modelling the incinerator emissions, we defined in the GIS three areas of increasing exposure according to predicted dioxins concentrations. We mapped the 228 births and induced abortions with diagnosis of congenital anomalies observed during the 1998-2006 period, together with a corresponding series of control births matched for year and hospital of birth/abortion as well as maternal age, using maternal address in the first three months of pregnancy to geocode cases and controls. RESULTS: Among women residing in the areas with medium and high exposure, prevalence of anomalies in the offspring was substantially comparable to that observed in the control population, nor dose-response relations for any of the major categories of birth defects emerged. Furthermore, odds ratio for congenital anomalies did not decrease during a prolonged shut-down period of the plant. CONCLUSION: Overall, these findings do not lend support to the hypothesis that the environmental contamination occurring around an incineration plant such as that examined in this study may induce major teratogenic effects.
2009
- Selenium deficiency
[Voce in Dizionario o Enciclopedia]
Bergomi, Margherita; Malagoli, Carlotta; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
2009
- Selenium excess
[Voce in Dizionario o Enciclopedia]
Bergomi, Margherita; Malagoli, Carlotta; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
2009
- Vitamina D e melanoma cutaneo: studio epidemiologico multicentrico nella regione Emilia-Romagna
[Abstract in Rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Pellacani, Giovanni; Seidenari, Stefania; V., Krogh; S., Sieri; A., Lanzoni; M., Reggiani; G., Albertini; C., Ricci; A., Virgili; F., Osti; Fiorentini, Chiara; Longo, Caterina; P., Fanti; G., De Panfilis; M., Santini; Malagoli, Carlotta
abstract
1.OBIETTIVIAlcuni studi epidemiologici hanno suggerito un ruolo della vitamina D nella riduzione dell’incidenza di alcuni tumori (colon-retto, mammella, melanoma). Essendo la dieta una importante fonte di questa vitamina, abbiamo realizzato uno studio caso-controllo di popolazione multicentrico in alcune province della regione Emilia-Romagna per approfondire la relazione tra il rischio di melanoma cutaneo e la quantità di vitamina D assunta tramite la dieta abituale, ed in generale, con le abitudini alimentari.2.METODIPresso Unità di Dermatologia del territorio emiliano-romagnolo abbiamo reclutato i pazienti con diagnosi di melanoma cutaneo effettuata nel periodo 2005/06. Abbiamo poi tratto dalla popolazione generale quattro controlli per ogni caso (di medesimo sesso, età e provincia di residenza) mediante estrazione casuale dall’anagrafe regionale del Servizio Sanitario Nazionale. Ad ogni soggetto incluso nello studio è stato consegnato un questionario, il Food Frequency Questionnaire di derivazione “EPIC”, composto da 248 items, atto ad analizzare in modo estremamente accurato la dieta abituale. Abbiamo inoltre raccolto informazioni anagrafiche, fisico-costituzionali ed alcuni dati di interesse dermatologico.3.RISULTATILa lettura dei 1099 questionari alimentari autocompilati dai 380 pazienti e dai 719 controlli che hanno aderito allo studio ci ha fornito informazioni sulla quantità e la frequenza di assunzione di numerosi nutrienti ed alimenti presenti nella dieta dei singoli individui.Le analisi multivariate aggiustate per i principali fattori confondenti (introito calorico, body mass index e fototipo) hanno rilevato un effetto protettivo della vitamina D nei confronti del melanoma cutaneo (odds ratio del quintile superiore vs. quintile inferiore 0,55; intervalli di confidenza al 95% 0,33-0,93; P trend: 0,019). L’analisi disaggregata nei due sessi ha evidenziato come questo apparente effetto protettivo della vitamina D sia presente soprattutto nel sesso maschile (odds ratio del quintile superiore vs. quintile inferiore 0,34; intervalli di confidenza al 95% 0,15-0,78; P trend 0,008). 4.CONCLUSIONIPur con la cautela dovuta alle limitazioni degli studi osservazionali ed al possibile effetto confondente dell’esposizione solare, questi risultati sembrano suggerire che la vitamina D assunta con la dieta influenzi in modo significativo il rischio di melanoma cutaneo.
2008
- Adverse pregnancy outcomes in a population exposed to the emissions of a municipal waste incinerator
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Teggi, Sergio; Fabbi, Sara; Goldoni, C.; De Girolamo, G.; Ferrari, Paola; Astolfi, G.; Rivieri, F.; Bergomi, Margherita
abstract
Some contaminants emitted by municipal waste incinerators are believed to adversely affect reproductive health in the exposed populations; yet only limited and conflicting epidemiologic evidence on this issue has been provided so far. In this study we analyzed rates of spontaneous abortion and prevalence at birth of congenital anomalies in women residing or working near the municipal solid waste incinerator of Modena, northern Italy, during the 2003--2006 period and who experienced higher levels of exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, compared to the remaining municipal population. In women residing in two areas close to the incinerator plant with increasing exposure to dioxins, we did not detect an excess risk of miscarriage (relative risk [RR] 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-1.48) and of birth defects (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.20-1.55), nor did any indication of dose-response relation emerge. Among female workers employed in the factories located in the exposed areas, we did not observe a higher risk of spontaneous abortion (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.38-2.30); however, an increase in prevalence of birth defects was noted (RR 2.26), although this risk estimate was statistically very unstable (95% CI 0.57-6.14). Overall, the study results provide little evidence of an excess risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to emissions from a modern municipal solid waste incinerator.
2008
- Diet and melanoma risk: effects of choice of hospital versus population controls
[Articolo su rivista]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Vinceti, Marco; Pellacani, Giovanni; S., Sieri; V., Krogh; Seidenari, Stefania; Bergomi, Margherita
abstract
Aims and background. Hospital-referred subjects are widely used as controls in studies oil the relation between diet and cancer risk. However, concern has been raised about the potential for bias of such type of referents, and few studies seem to have examined their reliability in estimating dietary habits of the underlying general population. Methods. In a northern Italian setting, the differences in dietary patterns between 41 individuals referred for non-neoplastic lesions to hospital surgical outpatient units and age- and sex-matched subjects drawn from the general population were examined. The effects of such differences when carrying out a case-control study oil a neoplastic disease, cutaneous melanoma, were also analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed using the EPIC food frequency questionnaire. Results. Population controls showed higher intakes of energy, animal proteins and animal fats compared with sex- and age-matched hospital controls, whereas intake of carbohydrates and fiber was comparable. An excess melanoma risk associated with intake of animal proteins and fats emerged when hospital controls were used as the referent group, whereas no such relation was detected when cases were compared to population controls. Conclusions. The results suggest that hospital-referred subjects may not reflect dietary habits of the underlying general population and may be unsuitable for case-control studies concerning the relation between diet and cancer risk.
2008
- Esposizione alle emissioni di un inceneritore per rifiuti solidi urbani e rischio di malformazioni congenite.
[Abstract in Rivista]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Fabbi, Sara; Teggi, Sergio; Rodolfi, R; Rivieri, F; Astolfi, G; Garavelli, L; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Abbiamo preso in esame nella città di Reggio Emilia la possibile relazione tra rischio di malformazioni congenite ed emissioni dell’inceneritore per rifiuti solidi urbani, dotato di sistemi avanzati di abbattimento delle emissioni ed in funzione nel 1968 (ad eccezione di un periodo di interruzione da aprile 2002 a giugno 2005). Abbiamo individuato tutti i casi di malformazioni congenite diagnosticati nei nati e negli aborti di donne residenti nel Comune di Reggio Emilia nel periodo 1998-2006, associando a ciascuno di essi un nato sano ‘di controllo’ utilizzando come variabili di appaiamento l’anno ed il centro di nascita unitamente all’età materna. Il territorio municipale è stato suddiviso in tre aree in base alle concentrazioni ambientali di diossine/furani e metalli pesanti emessi dall’inceneritore, assegnando lo status espositivo in base alla residenza materna nel primo trimestre di gravidanza con l’ausilio di metodiche GIS. Abbiamo quindi calcolato i rischi relativi nei diversi gruppi espositivi, anche in relazione al periodo di funzionamento, utilizzando procedure di regressione logistica condizionale ed aggiustando per titolo di studio materno.I risultati, riferiti ad un numero complessivo di 228 casi e 228 controlli, non hanno evidenziato modificazioni significative del rischio nei diversi gruppi espositivi nell’intero periodo considerato, né sono stati in grado di mostrare variazioni nel tempo dei rischi associate al regime di funzionamento dell’impianto di incenerimento. In particolare, il rischio relativo di malformazione congenita nelle residenti nell’area a maggiore esposizione e in quelle con esposizione intermedia, nei confronti della rimanente popolazione municipale, è risultato rispettivamente pari a 0,67 (I.C. al 95% 0,25-1,77) e 1,55 (0,67-3,58) con un P-trend pari a 0,883, senza indicazioni di un decremento del rischio nel periodo di inattività dell’impianto. Queste osservazioni non sembrano nel complesso indicare il verificarsi di effetti teratogeni a seguito dell’esposizione alle emissioni di un inceneritore per rifiuti solidi urbani tecnologicamente avanzato.
2008
- Food intake and risk of cutaneous melanoma in an Italian population
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Bonvicini, Francesca; Pellacani, Giovanni; S., Sieri; Malagoli, Carlotta; Giusti, Francesca; V., Krogh; Bergomi, Margherita; Seidenari, Stefania
abstract
We investigated the association of melanoma risk with food consumption in a northern Italian population in which disease risk was shown to correlate with linoleic acid and soluble carbohydrates intake. We collected information regarding the habitual consumption of 188 food items in 59 patients with newly diagnosed cutaneous melanoma and 59 sex- and age-matched population controls. In the unadjusted analyses, the intake of several foodstuffs directly or inversely correlated with melanoma risk. In multivariate analysis adjusting for several potential confounders, risk correrlated directly with vegetable oil intake and inversely with consumption of crispbreads and rusk. Overall, most of the food items rich in linoleic acid and soluble carbohydrated were unrelated to disease risk. Despite the limited statistical precision of the point estimates, these findings seem to indicate that consumption of specific foods may influence melanoma risk.
2008
- Metodologie per la sorveglianza sanitaria della popolazione residente in prossimita’ di discariche ed inceneritori per rifiuti solidi urbani.
[Abstract in Rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Bergomi, Margherita; Aggazzotti, Gabriella; Fantuzzi, Guglielmina; C., Signorelli; Vivoli, Gianfranco
abstract
Le due principali modalità di gestione e smaltimento dei rifiuti solidi urbani nel nostro Paese e più in generale nei paesi industrializzati sono rappresentate dal conferimento in discarica controllata e dall’incenerimento con impianti tecnologicamente avanzati. Tenendo conto dell’inevitabile rilascio di quantità seppure limitate di contaminanti nelle matrici ambientali da parte di queste due modalità di smaltimento e delle preoccupazioni generalmente manifestate dalle popolazioni residenti in prossimità dei siti interessati, è opportuno che le istituzioni operanti nel campo della sanità pubblica esercitino in modo continuativo un’attenta sorveglianza dell’impatto sanitario di tali processi di gestione dei rifiuti solidi urbani e dei relativi impianti, anche in considerazione di eventuali specificità dei diversi contesti locali e delle incertezze scientifiche ancora esistenti su queste tematiche. In particolare, appare appropriato da parte di tali programmi di sorveglianza sanitaria privilegiare l’utilizzazione di indicatori di rischio sanitario a breve termine, con riferimento sia alle popolazioni limitrofe ai siti interessati sia ai lavoratori professionalmente esposti. Due approcci metodologici sono particolarmente idonei per la realizzazione di questi programmi di sorveglianza: lo studio epidemiologico degli effetti sanitari a breve termine legati a contaminanti ad azione teratogena, quali il rischio di malformazioni congenite e di aborto spontaneo, e la valutazione del rischio tossicologico utilizzando indicatori biologici di esposizione a contaminanti quali diossine, furani e metalli pesanti. Entrambe tali metodologie sono caratterizzate da rilevanti limitazioni quali l’interferenza da parte di fattori confondenti, nonché dall’inadeguatezza dei flussi informativi per quanto riguarda l’analisi del rischio teratogeno ed dal rilevante impegno organizzativo ed economico riferibile all’uso dei bioindicatori. La prima tipologia di analisi, tuttavia, può attualmente avvalersi di significative innovazioni nel campo della modellistica teorica della dispersione dei contaminanti atmosferici e delle metodologie GIS (Geographical Information System) per l’analisi dei dati espositivi, demografici e sanitari.
2008
- Prevalence of birth defects in a population living nearby a municipal solid waste incinerator with intermittent operativity.
[Abstract in Rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Teggi, Sergio; Fabbi, Sara; Rodolfi, R; Garavelli, L; Astolfi, G; Calzolari, E.
abstract
Municipal waste incineration induces environmental contamination with toxic substances such as dioxins,furans and heavy metals, which have a teratogenic potential, but little epidemiologic evidence is available onthis topic. We examined the risk of congenital anomalies associated with maternal exposure to emissions of amodern municipal solid waste incinerator in a northern Italy community (Reggio Emilia, population about150,000) during the period 1998-2006 , through a population-based case-control study. In the analysis weincluded the livebirths and stillbirths as well as the induced abortions with diagnosis of congenital anomalies,and a corresponding series of control births, using maternal age as an additional matching variable and limitingthe analysis to women residing in the municipality. Sources of data were the Hospital Discharge Registry andthe population-based Registry of Birth Defects ‘IMER’ of the Emilia-Romagna Region, yielding an overallnumber of 352 congenital anomalies diagnoses and 352 control births during the study period. We calculatedthe risk of prevalence of birth defects in the offspring associated with maternal residence near the incinerator byusing a conditional logistic regression model. In the two periods (1998-2002 and 2006) of normal operation ofthe incinerator, among women residing <1 km and 1-2 km from the plant the prevalence of birth defects in theoffspring was not higher than that observed in the remaining municipal population. Furthermore, there was noreduction in the risk of congenital anomalies in the offspring of women residing up to 2 km from the incineratorin the shut-down period, from 2003 to 2005. Further adjustment for educational attainment level did notappreciably change these results. Findings of the study do not appear to support the hypothesis that theenvironmental contamination occurring around an incineration plant as examined in this study inducesteratogenic effects in the exposed population.
2008
- Risk of Birth Defects in a Population Living Near a Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator During Different Operating Periods
[Abstract in Rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Rodolfi, R.; Fabbi, Sara; Teggi, Sergio; Garavelli, L; Astolfi, G; Calzolari, E.
abstract
abstract
2007
- Health effects of environmental exposure to electromagnetic fields in Reggio Emilia, northern Italy
[Abstract in Rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Calzari, M.; Bonvicini, Francesca; Malagoli, Carlotta
abstract
Objective: Environmental exposure to electromagnetic fields has been suggested to increase the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, particularly in children, amyotrophiclateral sclerosis and birth defects. We aimed at analyzing the risk of these diseases in a population residing near highvoltagepower lines.Material and methods: We identified all cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and birth defects diagnosed between 1986 and 2005, from 1996 to 2005 and from 1998 to 2005, respectively, in the population of Reggio Emilia, northern Italy (around 140,000 inhabitants).We then examined the life-time residential history of thesepatients (or their mothers for congenital anomalies), as well as of age- and sex-matched population controls, to analyze whether prior residence near 4 power lines in the western part of the municipal territory, where electromagnetic fields exposure renged from 0.1 to over 0.5 μT. Results: Residence in the exposed area did notassociated with excess risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and of birth defects in the offspring.Conclusions: We were unable to identify adverse health effects ofelectromagnetic fields exposure in this population. Further research in a larger population exposed to electromagnetic fields is currently in progress.
2007
- Identificazione dei casi di malformazione congenita attraverso l'uso di tre fonti informative
[Abstract in Rivista]
G., De Girolamo; Malagoli, Carlotta; C. A., Goldoni; Vinceti, Marco
abstract
Introduzione. Nell'ambito del programma di sorveglianza sanitaria della popolazione residente in prossimità dell'inceneritore per rifiuti solidi urbani di Modena, abbiamoselezionato i due principali indicatori di rischio teratogeno legato ad esposizioni ambientali: le malformazioni congenite e l'abortività spontanea. Presentiamo i risultati dei primi dueanni (2003-2004) relativamente alle malformazioni congenite. Metodi. Per l'individuazione degli eventi di interesse (parti e malformazioni congenite) abbiamo utilizzato i seguentiflussi informativi: - la Banca dati delle Schede di Dimissione Ospedaliere (SDO) della Regione Emilia-Romagna. Abbiamo considerato come SDO di parto quelle con DRG(Diagnosis-Related Group) dal 370 al 375 e come possibili SDO di parto quelle contenenti almeno un codice di patologia del settore ICD9-CM-97 "Complicazioni della Gravidanza del Parto e del Puerperio". Tali schede sono state verificate utilizzando gli altri flussi informativi (SDO dei nati, Certificato di Assistenza al Parto (CEDAP), dati anagrafici comunali). Abbiamo considerato indicative di malformazione congenita le SDO contenentialmeno un codice ICD9 compreso nell'intervallo 740,0-759,9 in qualsiasi campo diagnosi; - tutti i CEDAP relativi a parti di residenti nel Comune di Modena verificatisi presso ospedali della Regione. I CEDAP vengono compilati immediatamente dopo il parto (anchenel caso di bambino nato morto) da parte di personale sanitario e contengono informazioni anche in relazione alla presenza di malformazioni congenite; - il Registro delleMalformazioni Congenite della Regione Emilia-Romagna (IMER). Tale Registro, istituito su base volontaria presso la Università di Ferrara, raccoglie dalla quasi totalità dei punti nascita dettagliate informazioni riguardo la tipologia delle malformazioni. I dati sonorelativi sia ai nati sia alle interruzioni volontarie di gravidanza: vista la scarsa completezza di quest'ultimo flusso abbiamo ritenuto di non includerne i dati. La procedura utilizzata èstata la seguente: identificate tutte le madri del biennio 2003-2004 residenti nel Comune di Modena (da Anagrafe comunale, SDO di parto), vi abbiamo legato le SDO neonatali, tra le quali abbiamo infine individuato quelle con diagnosi di malformazione. Risultati. Abbiamo identificato 181 nati malformati su un totale di 3.229 parti. Delle tre fonti, il CEDAP hafornito pochissimi casi, mai in maniera esclusiva; invece il 71,2% della casistica è stato identificato dalle SDO ed il 51,9% da IMER. Solo il 23,7% dei casi era presente in entrambe le fonti. Conclusioni. L'esperienza illustrata dimostra come l'uso di una sola fonte informativa, per quanto riguarda le malformazioni congenite, sia da considerarsi largamente insufficiente per una accettabile completezza della casistica. D'altra parteulteriori approfondimenti sono necessari per valutare i motivi per i quali, partendo dalla stessa origine ospedaliera, due fonti informative diverse conducano ad esiti così pocosovrapponibili, mentre per la terza (CEDAP) oltre alla recente istituzione del flusso, nuoce probabilmente la compilazione a brevissima distanza dalla nascita.
2007
- Programma di sorveglianza sanitaria della popolazione limitrofa all’inceneritore per rifiuti solidi urbani di Modena: risultati relativi all’abortività spontanea.
[Abstract in Rivista]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Vinceti, Marco; De Girolamo, G; Goldoni, C; Bergomi, Margherita; Vivoli, Gianfranco
abstract
Obiettivi: Nell’ambito del programma di “Sorveglianza sanitaria della popolazione modenese esposta alle emissioni dell’inceneritore per rifiuti solidi urbani” promosso dalla Conferenza dei Servizi della Provincia di Modena, ci siamo proposti di individuare il rischio relativo di abortività spontanea nella popolazione esposta alle emissioni dell’inceneritore per rifiuti solidi urbani del Comune di Modena.Metodi: Abbiamo realizzato uno studio di coorte nei confronti delle donne aventi il proprio luogo di vita o di lavoro nell’area interessata dalle emissioni di diossine e metalli pesanti provenienti dall’impianto di incenerimento. Abbiamo suddiviso il territorio comunale in tre aree utilizzando una modellistica cartografica sulla base dei valori massimi di emissione autorizzati (area a maggior esposizione, area a minore esposizione ed il restante territorio modenese, non esposto), definendo di conseguenza tre coorti espositive sia di tipo residenziale che professionale. Abbiamo infine calcolato il rischio relativo di aborto spontaneo nelle due coorti a maggiore esposizione negli anni 2003-05, utilizzando quale sorgente informativa il flusso regionale delle schede di dimissione ospedaliera.Risultati: Nel triennio preso in considerazione il rischio relativo di abortività spontanea è risultato essere nell’intera coorte residenziale pari a 1,08 (intervallo di confidenza al 95% 0,67-1,66), ed in particolare 1,03 (0,26-2,82) nella coorte a maggiore esposizione e 1,10 (0,65-1,74) nella coorte a minor esposizione. Nelle lavoratrici i rischi relativi sono risultati pari a 0,40 (0,02-1,99), 0,00 (0,00-2,22) e 0,88 (0,04-4,36) rispettivamente nell’intera coorte e nelle corti a maggior e a minor esposizione. Conclusioni: I risultati ottenuti non indicano il verificarsi di scostamenti di rilievo nel numero di aborti spontanei nelle donne esposte nei confronti del numero di casi attesi sulla base dei tassi di riferimento, suggerendo così come l’esposizione alle emissioni dell’inceneritore per rifiuti solidi urbani di Modena non abbia rappresentato un fattore abortigeno di rilievo.
2007
- Programma di sorveglianza sanitaria della popolazione limitrofa all’inceneritore per rifiuti solidi urbani di Modena: risultati relativi alle malformazioni congenite.
[Abstract in Rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Teggi, Sergio; De Girolamo, G; Goldoni, C; Ferrari, Paola; Rivieri, F; Astolfi, G; Bergomi, Margherita; Vivoli, Gianfranco
abstract
Obiettivi: Nell’ambito del programma denominato “Sorveglianza sanitaria della popolazione modenese esposta alle emissioni dell’inceneritore per rifiuti solidi urbani”, condotto dal Dipartimento di Scienze di Sanità Pubblica dell’Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia in ottemperanza ad una direttiva della Conferenza dei Servizi della Provincia di Modena, abbiamo preso in esame il rischio di prevalenza alla nascita di malformazioni congenite nella progenie delle donne residenti o svolgenti attività professionale in prossimità dell’impianto di incenerimento.Metodi: Abbiamo analizzato nel periodo 2003-05 la prevalenza di malformazioni congenite nei nati da donne esposte alle emissioni dell’inceneritore per rifiuti solidi urbani di Modena. Abbiano a tal fine suddiviso il territorio comunale in tre aree, in base alla stima di concentrazione in atmosfera e ricaduta al suolo dei maggiori contaminanti emessi dall’inceneritore. Abbiamo quindi individuato le malformazioni congenite verificatesi nei nati dalle donne residenti all’interno di tali aree o in esse aventi la propria sede lavorativa, calcolando i rischi relativi nelle diverse coorti espositive ed esaminando la distribuzione dei casi osservati mediante analisi GIS (Geographical Information System).Risultati: Abbiamo osservato quattro casi di malformazione tra i nati da madre residente in prossimità dell’inceneritore (tutte appartenenti alla coorte ad esposizione ‘intermedia’). Il rischio relativo di malformazione, utilizzando la prevalenza nella rimanente popolazione comunale quale riferimento, è risultato essere nell’intera coorte di residenti esposte 0,79 (intervallo di confidenza al 95% 0,25-1,91), nella coorte più prossima all’inceneritore 0,00 (0,00-6,37) e nella coorte ad esposizione intermedia 0,88 (0,28-2,11). I corrispondenti valori nelle coorti delle lavoratrici, dove si sono verificati due parti di bambini malformati per i quali non abbiamo ancora indagato eventuali rischi specifici, sono risultati pari a 1,92 (0,32-6,35), 1,37 (0,07-6,76) e 3,13 (0,16-15,41).Conclusioni: Questi risultati non suggeriscono che l’esposizione all’inceneritore per rifiuti solidi urbani di Modena abbia indotto nel triennio considerato incrementi di rilievo del rischio teratogeno.
2006
- Epidemiologia dei sarcomi nel Comune di Reggio Emilia nel periodo 2001-2006.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Borciani, N; Rodolfi, R; Carlifante, G; Malagoli, Carlotta; Vinceti, Marco; Bergomi, Margherita
abstract
.
2006
- High risk of cutaneous melanoma amongst carriers of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 R241 allele
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Pellacani, Giovanni; B., Casali; Malagoli, Carlotta; D., Nicoli; E., Farnetti; S., Bassissi; Bergomi, Margherita; Seidenari, Stefania
abstract
We examined the relation between cutaneous melanoma risk and the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms G241R and K469E, as well as the circulating soluble form of ICAM-1 determined in plasma, in the population of Modena Province, northern Italy. Individuals carrying at least one R241 allele, versus those carrying the wild-type GG genotype, had a relative risk of melanoma of 4.3 (P = 0.022), whereas the K469E polymorphism was unrelated to disease risk. Soluble ICAM-1 levels above 10 ng/ml directly and strongly correlated with melanoma risk. In this population, individuals carrying the R241 allele of the ICAM-1 gene appeared to show an enhanced susceptibility to cutaneous melanoma, possibly because of increased ICAM-1 expression.
2006
- Prevalence at birth of congenital anomalies in a population living around a modern municipal solid waste incinerator.
[Abstract in Rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Rodolfi, R; Astolfi, G; Rivieri, F; Fiorini, S; Muzii, M; Campagna, A; Bergomi, Margherita; Vivoli, Gianfranco
abstract
Introduction. Chemicals emitted by the municipal waste incinerators are suspected to increase risk of birth defects in exposed populations. We examined the prevalence at birth of congenital anomalies in offspring of women potentially exposed to the emissions of a municipal solid waste incinerator.Methods. Within a health surveillance program monitoring reproductive health in the population (around 180,000) of an Italian city where a modern incinerator has been operating for thelast few years, we identified all pregnancies occurring in 2003-04 in two cohorts of women aged 16-49, residing in two exposure areas close to the incinerator plant: area A, with the highestexposure, and area B, with intermediate exposure. We also identified the pregnancies occurring in two cohorts of women aged 16-49 who were working in the A and B areas in 2003. Weretrieved birth defects from livebirths and stillbirths through the Emilia-Romagna region hospital discharge records and the regional registry of congenital malformations named IMER. Wecalculated the age-adjusted relative risk (RR) of prevalence at birth of congenital anomalies in newborns to women belonging to the A and B cohorts, using prevalence in the remainingmunicipal population as reference rate. We also retrieved individual data about socioeconomic status from the General Registry Office for the two exposure cohorts and for the remainingmunicipal female population.Results. In the offspring of women having the highest exposure (cohort A) we did not observe any case of birth defects whilst 0.41 cases were expected in 2003-04. In the same period, wedetected two cases of congenital anomalies among newborns to women having intermediate exposure (cohort B), whilst the number of expected cases was 3.42, yielding a RR of 0.6 (95%confidence limits 0.1-1.9, P-value 0.480). We detected one case in offspring of employees working in the A area (RR 2.1, 95% confidence limits 0.1-10.3, mid-P-value 0.464) and no cases innewborns to employees working in the B area vs. 0.26 expected cases. Socioeconomic status of exposed cohorts did not appear to be higher than in the remaining municipal population.Discussion and conclusions. Results of this study seem to suggest that residence in the proximity of a modern municipal waste incinerator does not exert major teratogenic effects, al leastwith reference to the risk of birth defects in offspring. The low statistical stability of the point estimates, however, warrants further follow-up of the study cohorts.
2006
- Risk of miscarriage in women exposed to the emissions of a modern municipal solid waste incinerator
[Abstract in Rivista]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Vinceti, Marco; Rodolfi, R.; Bigi, G.; Campagna, A.; Muzii, M.; Bergomi, Margherita; Vivoli, Gianfranco
abstract
Introduction. There is an increasing trend towards using incineration to solve the problem of waste management, raising concern about its potential health impact. We implemented asurveillance program on reproductive health of the population of an Italian city (population around 180,000) where a modern incinerator has been operating for the past few years. This currentstudy focuses on miscarriage risk in women living in proximity to this plant.Methods. We conducted a prospective study among two dynamic cohorts of women aged 16-49 residing in three distinct areas according to predicted fall-out of the incinerator pollutants(area A, with the highest exposure; area B, with intermediate exposure; area C, corresponding to the remaining municipal territory, considered as ‘unexposed’). We also followed two cohorts of female employees aged 16-49, working in the A and B areas, though occupational information for these women was available only for 2003. During the 2003-04 period, we identified all cases of spontaneous abortion occurring in these cohorts through the regional hospital discharge database, and we calculated the age-standardized morbidity ratio (SMR) of miscarriage in the ‘exposed’ cohorts, using rates in the whole municipal population as reference incidence.Results. In the residential cohorts, we detected 14 spontaneous abortions (7 in 2003 and 7 in 2004) among 1979.3 person-years of follow-up. In the occupational cohorts encompassing atotal of 189.4 person-years, we did not observe any cases of miscarriage. We did not detect an excess risk of spontaneousabortion in women residing or working in proximity to the waste incinerator in either of the exposure areas. SMR of miscarriage were lower in the area with the highest exposure compared with the intermediate exposure area.Data about socioeconomic status abstracted from the General Registry Office were substantially similar for the three residential cohorts.Discussion and conclusions. These results do not suggest that exposure to the emissions of a modern municipal waste incinerator is associated with increased risk of miscarriage, though the limited statistical stability of the point estimates suggests caution in the evaluation of the study findings.
2005
- A population-based case-control study of diet and melanoma risk in northern Italy
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Pellacani, Giovanni; Malagoli, Carlotta; S., Bassissi; S., Sieri; Bonvicini, Francesca; V., Krogh; Seidenari, Stefania
abstract
Objective: We aimed at examining the association between dietary constituents and risk of cutaneous melanoma. Design: In an area of northern Italy we recruited 59 newly diagnosed melanoma patients and 59 age- and sex-matched population controls, to whom we administered a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Results: We found an excess risk of melanoma in subjects with a higher energy-adjusted intake of total polyunsaturated fatty acids and, in particular, of linoleic acid (relative risk=2.16 for intake in the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile, P for linear trend=0.061). Conversely, disease risk was inversely associated with the consumption of soluble carbohydrates (relative risk=0.34 for intake in the upper vs. the lowest tertile adjusting for total energy intake, P for linear trend=0.046). No other dietary factors, including alcohol, vitamins and trace elements, correlated with melanoma risk. The association of melanoma risk with linoleic acid and soluble carbohydrates intakes was further strengthened in multivariate analysis, and when analysis was limited to females. Conclusions: Overall, these results indicate that an excess energy-adjusted intake of linoleic acid and a lower consumption of soluble carbohydrates may increase melanoma risk.
2005
- Environmental exposure to trace elements and risk of cutaneous melanoma
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Bassissi, Stefania; Malagoli, Carlotta; Pellacani, Giovanni; D., Alber; Bergomi, Margherita; Seidenari, Stefania
abstract
Purpose: Our aim was to examine the risk of melanoma in association with exposure to trace elements of toxicological and nutritional interest. Methods: We analyzed the concentrations of cadmium, lead, chromium, selenium, copper and zinc in toenails of 58 patients with newly diagnosed cutaneous melanoma as well as in 58 age- and sex-matched control subjects, randomly selected from the population of Modena province in northern Italy. Results: Melanoma risk was substantially unrelated to toenail levels of cadmium, chromium, lead and selenium. Subjects with higher toenail copper levels showed an excess risk, both in the crude analysis and after adjusting for sun exposure and level of education, while in both analyses high iron concentrations were associated with a decreased risk of the disease. A weak direct association between zinc levels and melanoma risk also emerged in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Overall, these results do not suggest an involvement of heavy metals in melanoma etiology, while they do give some support to a possible role of zinc and, in particular, copper and iron exposure in influencing disease risk. However, these findings must be evaluated with caution due to the limited statistical stability of the point estimates.
2005
- Health risk assessment of municipal solid waste inceneration
[Capitolo/Saggio]
Vinceti, Marco; R., Vivoli; Malagoli, Carlotta; Bergomi, Margherita; Teggi, Sergio; Ghermandi, Grazia
abstract
The incineration of municipal solid waste leads to the environmemal release of some toxic substances, albeit of low atmospheric concentration in the proximity of the most recently built incinerators thanks to the substantial advancements in air pollution control equipment. An excess risk of some adverse health outcomes (cancer, birth defects, and respiratory diseases in particular) has been linked to the environmental release of these toxic substances on the basis or epidemiologic and laboratory studies. The methodologies most frequently adopted by environmental scientists and regulatory agencies to evaluate these potential risk are the potential risk are the modelling of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks, and the implementation of epidemiologic studies in the populations residing near the incincrators. Geographic lnfornation System (GlS) software to map specific diseases in the areas around the incinerators can also be used in support of data management and data representation. We describe a health surveillance program concerning the popubtion of a northen Italian town where capacity of a municipal solid waste incinerator is planned to substantially increase in the near future. The program wilI analyse the risk of birth defects and spontaneous abortions in the population potentially exposed to the incinerator emissions.
2005
- Health risk assessment of municipal solid waste incineration
[Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Vinceti, M.; Vivoli, R.; Malagoli, C.; Bergomi, M.; Teggi, S.; Ghermandi, G.
abstract
The incineration of municipal solid waste leads to the environmental release of some toxic substances, albeit of low atmospheric concentration in the proximity of the most recently built incinerators thanks to the substantial advancements in air pollution control equipment. An excess risk of some adverse health outcomes (cancer, birth defects, and respiratory diseases in particular) has been linked to the environmental release of these toxic substances on the basis of epidemiologic and laboratory studies. The methodologies most frequently adopted by environmental scientists and regulatory agencies to evaluate these potential risk are the modelling of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks, and the implementation of epidemiologic studies in the populations residing near the incinerators. Geographic Information System (GIS) software to map specific diseases in the areas around the incinerators can also be used in support of data management and data representation. We describe a health surveillance program concerning the population of a northern Italian town where the capacity of a municipal solid waste incinerator is planned to substantially increase in the near future. The program will analyse the risk of birth defects and spontaneous abortions in the population potentially exposed to the incinerator emissions. © 2005 WIT Press.
2005
- Progetto di sorveglianza sanitaria della popolazione residente in prossimità dell’inceneritore per rifiuti urbani di Modena
[Abstract in Rivista]
Malagoli, Carlotta; Vinceti, Marco; Vivoli, R; Bergomi, Margherita; Teggi, Sergio; Ghermandi, Grazia
abstract
Poichè l’incenerimento è ormai divenuto una delle risposte più diffuse nei paesi industrializzati per affrontare il problema dello smaltimento dei rifiuti urbani, gli eventuali effetti sulla salute legati al rilascio di inquinanti da tali impianti meritano particolare attenzione da parte delle istituzioni preposte alla tutela della salute pubblica e della comunità scientifica. In tal senso, ed in relazione all’imminente ampliamento dell’inceneritore per rifiuti solidi urbani sito nel Comune di Modena, è stato predisposto da parte dell’Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia un programma di sorveglianza sanitaria della popolazione potenzialmente esposta alle emissioni di tale impianto. Tale programma prenderà in esame l’abortività spontanea e la prevalenza nei nuovi nati di malformazioni congenite, in quanto la salute riproduttiva appare essere un indicatore particolarmente sensibile e tempestivo degli eventuali rischi sanitari associati all’esposizione a diossine e metalli pesanti. Il programma disorveglianza verrà a applicato a due coorti di residenti in prossimità dell’inceneritore ed ai lavoratori la cui sede di lavoro è sita nelle vicinanze dell’impianto stesso. In particolare, verranno calcolati in tali coorti i rischi di aborto spontaneo e di nati con malformazioni, utilizzando come riferimento i rischi rilevati nella rimanente popolazione del comune di Modena. Quali fonti informative verranno utilizzati i flussi SDO e CEDAP delServizio Sanitario Nazionale ed il Registro Malformazioni della regione Emilia Romagna (IMER-EUROCAT).Sarà inoltre realizzato un report cartografico utilizzando il Geographical Information System (GIS), in grado di fornire un’analisi di tipo spaziale georeferenziata dei risultati. L’elaborazione verrà effettuata per ciascun anno compreso nel periodo 2003-2011, ed i dati ottenuti verranno presentati alla Conferenza dei Servizi della Provincia di Modena ed alla popolazione locale.
2005
- Trace elements and melanoma
[Articolo su rivista]
Bergomi, Margherita; Pellacani, Giovanni; Vinceti, Marco; S., Bassissi; Malagoli, Carlotta; D., Alber; S., Sieri; L., Vescovi; Seidenari, Stefania; R., Vivoli
abstract
Melanoma incidence has been steadily increasing in recent years in most western countries, thus suggesting a role of environmental risk factors. Among these determinants, it has been hypothesized that some trace elements of nutritional and toxicological interest may be implicated in the etiology of the disease. We examined patients with newly diagnosed melanoma of the skin and population controls from the Modena province northern Italy. Clinical and dietary data were collected through questionnaires, and toenails were sampled for trace element determination. Levels of cadmium, chromium, lead, selenium, zinc, copper and iron in toenails were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and by neutron activation analysis. Data obtained from 58 cases and 58 controls indicated higher levels of copper and lower concentrations of iron in melanoma patients, whilst no other differences were seen for the remaining elements. Patterns of correlations of zinc and copper with the estimated intake of some dietary factors were different between cases and controls. Results of the present study suggest that abnormal intake or metabolism of copper and of iron might be implicated in the etiology of melanoma, whilst they do not indicate an involvement of exposure to cadmium, chromium, lead, selenium and zinc in this disease.
2004
- Trace elements and melanoma.
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Bergomi, Margherita; Malagoli, Carlotta; Pellicani, G; Bassissi, S; Vinceti, Marco; Alder, D; Seidenari, Stefania; Vivoli, Gianfranco
abstract
Trace elements and melanoma.
2003
- Correspondence re: Duffield-Lillico et al., Baseline characteristics and the effect of selenium supplementation on cancer incidence in a randomized clinical trial: a summary report of the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial. 11: 630-639, 2002.
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Malagoli, Carlotta; Bergomi, Margherita; Vivoli, Gianfranco
abstract
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2001
- Adverse health effects of selenium in humans
[Articolo su rivista]
Vinceti, Marco; Et, Wei; Malagoli, Carlotta; Bergomi, Margherita; Vivoli, Gianfranco
abstract
Epidemiologic studies and case reports have shown that chronic exposure to selenium compounds is associated with several adverse health effects in humans. An early toxic effect of selenium is on endocrine function, particularly on the synthesis of thyroid hormones following dietary exposure of around 300 micrograms Se/d, and on the metabolism of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1. Other adverse effects of selenium exposure can be the impairment of natural killer cells activity and at higher levels, hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal disturbances. Dermatologic effects, such as nail and hair loss and dermatitis, occur after exposure to high levels of environmental selenium. Assessing the toxicity and morbidity after long-term exposure to environmental selenium is difficult: neurotoxicity, particularly the degeneration of motor neurons leading to increased risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, might occur after chronic exposure to both organic and inorganic selenium compounds. The results of laboratory investigations and cohort studies suggest that selenium species exhibit a bivalent effect in cancer, either increasing or decreasing risk. Current environmental selenium exposure limits appear to be inadequate for averting adverse health effects.PMID: 12041880 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]