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ROBERTA SALVATORI
Dottorando
Dipartimento di Ingegneria "Enzo Ferrari"
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Pubblicazioni
2024
- Piezosurgery versus Reciprocating Saw: Qualitative Comparison of the Morphology of Cutting Surfaces in Ex Vivo Human Bone
[Articolo su rivista]
Anesi, Alexandre; Negrello, Sara; Checchi, Marta; Di Bartolomeo, Mattia; Salvatori, Roberta; Cavani, Francesco; Palumbo, Carla; Ferretti, Marzia
abstract
The aim of this study was to morphologically evaluate the differences in the cutting surfaces of bone segments obtained by reciprocating saw (RS) and two piezosurgical devices (Piezosurgery Medical—PM—and Piezosurgery Plus—PP) in ex vivo human fibulae. The ultimate goal was to identify the presence of debris, scratches, and microcracks on the cutting surface that might affect bone healing, a key aspect in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Ten patients who underwent a microsurgical reconstruction of the mandible with a free fibula flap were enrolled. The fibula segments usually discarded after surgery were cut using RS, PM, and PP, obtaining transverse sections to analyze under an environmental scanning electron microscope to perform a histomorphological qualitative evaluation. Bone surfaces cut with the RS presented several scratches, and haversian canals were frequently filled with bone debris/chips. On the contrary, PM and PP devices produced smoother and sharper cutting surfaces, with lower production of bone debris/chips, preventing vascular spaces’ closure. Microcracks were found in both PM and PP cut specimens, and they could be associated with the triggering of bone remodeling, thus improving the formation of new bone, while their presence was rarely observable in RS cut samples. The use of piezosurgical devices showed superior performance, providing cleaner and smoother cutting surfaces that favor vascularization and bone remodeling; altogether, these processes could lead to accelerated bone healing, a fundamental goal in all surgical procedures that involve bone cutting.
2023
- In-vivo evaluations of bone regenerative potential of two novel bioactive glasses
[Articolo su rivista]
Anesi, A.; Ferretti, M.; Salvatori, R.; Bellucci, D.; Cavani, F.; Di Bartolomeo, M.; Palumbo, C.; Cannillo, V.
abstract
: Due to the aging of population, materials able to repair damaged tissues are needed. Among others, bioactive glasses (BGs) have attracted a lot of interest due to their outstanding properties both for hard and soft tissues. Here, for the first time, two new BGs, which gave very promising results in preliminary in vitro-tests, were implanted in animals in order to evaluate their regenerative potential. The new BGs, named BGMS10 and Bio_MS and containing specific therapeutic ions, were produced in granules and implanted in rabbits' femurs for up to 60 days, to test their biocompatibility and osteoconduction. Additionally, granules of 45S5 Bioglass® were employed and used as a standard reference for comparison. The results showed that, after 30 days, the two novel BGs and 45S5 displayed a similar behavior, in terms of bone amount, thickness of new bone trabeculae and affinity index. On the contrary, after 60 days, 45S5 granules were mainly surrounded by wide and scattered bone trabeculae, separated by large amounts of soft tissue, while in BGMS10 and Bio_MS the trabeculae were thin and uniformly distributed around the BG granules. This latter scenario could be considered as more advantageous, since the features of the two novel BG granules allowed for the neo-formation of a uniformly distributed bony trabeculae, predictive of more favorable mechanical behavior, compared to the less uniform coarse trabeculae, separated by large areas of soft tissue in 45S5 granules. Thus, BGMS10 and Bio_MS could be considered suitable products for tissue regeneration in the orthopedic and dental fields.
2022
- Bioactive Glasses in Periodontal Regeneration: Existing Strategies and Future Prospects—A Literature Review
[Articolo su rivista]
Cannillo, Valeria; Salvatori, Roberta; Bergamini, Stefania; Bellucci, Devis; Bertoldi, Carlo
abstract
2022
- Comparative Study on Bioactive Filler/Biopolymer Scaffolds for Potential Application in Supporting Bone Tissue Regeneration
[Articolo su rivista]
Degli Esposti, Micaela; Changizi, Maryam; Salvatori, Roberta; Chiarini, Luigi; Cannillo, Valeria; Morselli, Davide; Fabbri, Paola
abstract
2022
- Pulsed Electro-Magnetic Field (PEMF) Effect on Bone Healing in Animal Models: A Review of Its Efficacy Related to Different Type of Damage
[Articolo su rivista]
Di Bartolomeo, M.; Cavani, F.; Pellacani, A.; Grande, A.; Salvatori, R.; Chiarini, L.; Nocini, R.; Anesi, A.
abstract
Biophysical energies are a versatile tool to stimulate tissues by generating biopotentials. In particular, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation has intrigued researchers since the 1970s. To date, many investigations have been carried out in vivo, but a gold standard treatment protocol has not yet been defined. The main obstacles are represented by the complex setting of PEMF characteristics, the variety of animal models (including direct and indirect bone damage) and the lack of a complete understanding of the molecular pathways involved. In the present review the main studies about PEMF stimulation in animal models with bone impairment were reviewed. PEMF signal characteristics were investigated, as well as their effect on molecular pathways and osseous morphological features. We believe that this review might be a useful starting point for a prospective study in a clinical setting. Consistent evidence from the literature suggests a potential beneficial role of PEMF in clinical practice. Nevertheless, the wide variability of selected parameters (frequency, duration, and amplitude) and the heterogeneity of applied protocols make it difficult to draw certain conclusions about PEMF effectiveness in clinical implementation to promote bone healing. Deepening the knowledge regarding the most consistent results reported in literature to date, we believe that this review may be a useful starting point to propose standardized experimental guidelines. This might provide a solid base for further controlled trials, to investigate PEMF efficacy in bone damage conditions during routine clinical practice.
2021
- Influence of tooth-brushing on early healing after access flap surgery: A randomized controlled preliminary study
[Articolo su rivista]
Bertoldi, C.; Generali, L.; Cortellini, P.; Lalla, M.; Luppi, S.; Tomasi, A.; Zaffe, D.; Salvatori, R.; Bergamini, S.
abstract
In the present study, the clinical outcomes obtained using three different protocols of post-operative plaque control for the 4 weeks after surgery were compared. Thirty healthy subjects, presenting at least one periodontal pocket requiring resective surgery, were selected and randomly distributed to three different groups corresponding to respective post-surgical protocols: (A) toothbrushes + chlorhexidine + anti-discoloration system (ADS + CHX); (B) toothbrushes + chlorhexidine (CHX); (C) only toothbrushes. The full-mouth plaque score (FMPS), full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS), probing pocket depth (PPD), recession depth (REC), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BoP) were measured in six aspects per tooth (mesio-buccal (MB), buccal (B), disto-buccal (DB), disto-lingual (DL), lingual (L), and mesio-lingual (ML)) at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. FMPS and FMBS did not significantly change (p > 0.05), whereas PPD and CAL significantly decreased, and REC significantly increased in all groups during the study (p < 0.05). Clinical results were satisfactory in all cases, with no significant differences between groups 3 months after surgery. Six months after surgery, only PPD-MB was significantly different in the three groups (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, this value was not clinically relevant because the value of PPD-B (about 2 mm) in group C was physiologic. The mechanical plaque control was proven to be fundamental and sufficient in all the six aspects per tooth to guarantee an excellent clinical outcome without the need of chemical plaque control.
2020
- A Novel Bioactive Glass Containing Therapeutic Ions with Enhanced Biocompatibility
[Articolo su rivista]
Sergi, Rachele; Bellucci, Devis; Salvatori, Roberta; Anesi, Alexandre; Cannillo, Valeria
abstract
2020
- Bone Healing Evaluation Following Different Osteotomic Techniques in Animal Models: A Suitable Method for Clinical Insights
[Articolo su rivista]
Anesi, Alexandre; Di Bartolomeo, Mattia; Pellacani, Arrigo; Ferretti, Marzia; Cavani, Francesco; Salvatori, Roberta; Nocini, Riccardo; Palumbo, Carla; Chiarini, Luigi
abstract
Osteotomy is a common step in oncological, reconstructive, and trauma surgery. Drilling and elevated temperature during osteotomy produce thermal osteonecrosis. Heat and associated mechanical damage during osteotomy can impair bone healing, with consequent failure of fracture fixation or dental implants. Several ex vivo studies on animal bone were recently focused on heating production during osteotomy with conventional drill and piezoelectric devices, particularly in endosseous dental implant sites. The current literature on bone drilling and osteotomic surface analysis is here reviewed and the dynamics of bone healing after osteotomy with traditional and piezoelectric devices are discussed. Moreover, the methodologies involved in the experimental osteotomy and clinical studies are compared, focusing on ex vivo and in vivo findings.
2020
- Cell Proliferation to Evaluate Preliminarily the Presence of Enduring Self-Regenerative Antioxidant Activity in Cerium Doped Bioactive Glasses
[Articolo su rivista]
Anesi, Alexandre; Malavasi, Gianluca; Chiarini, Luigi; Salvatori, Roberta; Lusvardi, Gigliola
abstract
(1) Background: a cell evaluation focused to verify the self-regenerative antioxidant activity is performed on cerium doped bioactive glasses. (2) Methods: the glasses based on 45S5 Bioglass®, are doped with 1.2 mol%, 3.6 mol% and 5.3 mol% of CeO2 and possess a polyhedral shape (~500 µm2). Glasses with this composition inhibit oxidative stress by mimicking catalase enzyme (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities; moreover, our previous cytocompatibility tests (neutral red (NR), 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Bromo-2-deoxyUridine (BrdU)) reveal that the presence of cerium promotes the absorption and vitality of the cells. The same cytocompatibility tests were performed and repeated, in two different periods (named first and second use), separated from each other by four months. (3) Results: in the first and second use, NR tests indicate that the presence of cerium promotes once again cell uptake and viability, especially after 72 h. A decrease in cell proliferation it is observed after MTT and BrdU tests only in the second use. These findings are supported by statistically significant results (4) Conclusions: these glasses show enhanced proliferation, both in the short and in the long term, and for the first time such large dimensions are studied for this kind of study. A future prospective is the implantation of these bioactive glasses as bone substitute in animal models.
2020
- Chitosan-Based Bioactive Glass Gauze: Microstructural Properties, In Vitro Bioactivity, and Biological Tests
[Articolo su rivista]
Sergi, Rachele; Bellucci, Devis; Salvatori, Roberta; Cannillo, Valeria
abstract
Passive commercial gauzes were turned into interactive wound dressings by impregnating them with a chitosan suspension. To further improve healing, and cell adhesion and proliferation, chitosan/bioactive glass wound dressings were produced with the addition of (i) 45S5, (ii) a Sr- and Mg-containing bioactive glass, and (iii) a Zn-containing bioactive glass to the chitosan suspension. SEM and FTIR analyses evidenced positive results in terms of incorporation of bioactive glass particles. Bioactivity was investigated by soaking chitosan-based bioactive glass wound dressings in simulated body fluid (SBF). Cell viability, proliferation, and morphology were investigated using NIH 3T3 (mouse embryonic fibroblast) cells by neutral red (NR) uptake and MTT assays. Furthermore, the wound-healing rate was evaluated by means of the scratch test, using NIH 3T3. The results showed that bioactive glass particles enhance cell adhesion and proliferation, and wound healing compared to pure chitosan. Therefore, chitosan-based bioactive glass wound dressings combine the properties of the organic matrix with the specific biological characteristics of bioactive glasses to achieve chitosan composites suitable for healing devices.
2020
- In vitro studies of solution precursor plasma-sprayed copper-doped hydroxyapatite coatings with increasing copper content
[Articolo su rivista]
Unabia, Romnick B; Candidato, Rolando T; Pawłowski, Lech; Salvatori, Roberta; Bellucci, Devis; Cannillo, Valeria
abstract
In this present study, in vitro characterization on bioactivity and biocompatibility of the copper-doped hydroxyapatite (Cu-HA) coatings deposited onto Ti6Al4V alloy with increasing copper content obtained using solution precursor plasma spray process were evaluated under simulated body fluid (SBF) and cytotoxicity tests. The growth of flake-like structures was observed at the coatings' surface after 7 days of immersion in SBF. Elemental composition analysis showed a calcium-deficient carbonate-containing apatite for the grown layer. Broadening of the HA peaks were also observed in the X-ray diffraction patterns and infrared absorption spectra of the immersed coatings associated with the possible formation of an amorphous layer at the surface of the coatings. Copper incorporation does not alter the bioactivity of HA but only slowed down for 10 mol% copper content. Cytotoxicity evaluation using MTT assays showed that 3 mol% Cu-HA coating was not toxic under in vitro characterizations.
2019
- A new bioactive glass/collagen hybrid composite for applications in dentistry
[Articolo su rivista]
Bellucci, D.; Salvatori, R.; Giannatiempo, J.; Anesi, A.; Bortolini, S.; Cannillo, V.
abstract
Bioactive glasses (BGs) are currently employed in a wide range of medical and dentistry applications by virtue of their bone-bonding ability. The incorporation of BGs into a collagen matrix may be used to combine the regenerative potential of these materials with the specific biological advantages of collagen. However, most of the collagen/BG composites reported in the literature are scaffolds and there is a lack of moldable putties or injectable systems. Here, granules of an innovative BG containing strontium and magnesium were mixed with collagen and PEG to obtain a putty (BGMS/C) suitable for dental applications. For the sake of comparison, granules of 45S5 Bioglass®, the gold standard among BGs, were used to prepare a 45S5/collagen putty. Both the composites were evaluated in vitro with respect to murine fibroblasts. The materials showed an excellent biocompatibility, making them interesting for possible applications in dentistry and reconstructive surgery. Moreover, BGMS/C seems to stimulate cell proliferation.
2019
- Cytocompatibility of potential bioactive cerium-doped glasses based on 45S5
[Articolo su rivista]
Malavasi, Gianluca; Salvatori, Roberta; Zambon, Alfonso; Lusvardi, Gigliola; Rigamonti, Luca; Chiarini, Luigi; Anesi, Alexandre
abstract
The cytocompatibility of potential bioactive cerium-containing (Ce 3+ /Ce 4+ ) glasses is here investigated by preparing three different glasses with increasing amount of doping CeO 2 (1.2, 3.6 and 5.3 mol% of CeO 2 , called BG_1.2, BG_3.6 and BG_5.3, respectively) based on 45S5 Bioglass®(called BG). These materials were characterized by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) after performing bioactivity tests in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) solution, and the ions released in solution were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The data obtained clearly show that the glass surfaces of BG, BG_1.2 and BG_3.6 were covered by hydroxyapatite (HA), while BG_5.3 favored the formation of a cerium phosphate crystal phase. The cytotoxicity tests were performed using both murine long bone osteocyte-like (MLO-Y4) and mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH/3T3) cell lines. The cerium-containing bioactive glasses show an increment in cell viability with respect to BG, and at long times, no cell aggregation and deformation were observed. The proliferation of NIH/3T3 cells increased with the cerium content in the glasses; in particular, BG_3.6 and BG_5.3 showed a higher proliferation of cells than the negative control. These results highlight and enforce the proposal of cerium-doped bioactive glasses as a new class of biomaterials for hard-tissue applications.
2019
- P2O5-free cerium containing glasses: Bioactivity and cytocompatibility evaluation
[Articolo su rivista]
Lusvardi, G.; Stabellini, F. S.; Salvatori, R.
abstract
(1) Background: valuation of the bioactivity and cytocompatibility of P2O5-free and CeO2 doped glasses. (2) Methods: all glasses are based on the Kokubo (K) composition and prepared by a melting method. Doped glassed, K1.2, K3.6 and K5.3 contain 1.2, 3.6, and 5.3 mol% of CeO2. Bioactivity and cytotoxicity tests were carried out in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution and murine osteocyte (MLO-Y4) cell lines, respectively. Leaching of ions concentration in SBF was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The surface of the glasses were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. (3) Results: P2O5-free cerium doped glasses are proactive according to European directives. Cerium increases durability and retards, but does not inhibit, (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HA) formation at higher cerium amounts (K3.6 and K5.3); however, cell proliferation increases with the amount of cerium especially evident for K5.3. (4) Conclusions: These results enforce the use of P2O5-free cerium doped bioactive glasses as a new class of biomaterials.
2019
- SBF assays, direct and indirect cell culture tests to evaluate the biological performance of bioglasses and bioglass-based composites: Three paradigmatic cases
[Articolo su rivista]
Bellucci, Devis; Salvatori, Roberta; Anesi, Alexandre; Chiarini, Luigi; Cannillo, Valeria
abstract
A novel bioglass composition (BGMS10), containing strontium and magnesium and characterized by an ultra-high crystallization temperature, is here employed for the first time to produce different composites with the addition of specific amounts of hydroxyapatite. After an investigation of the samples’ bioactivity in vitro in a simulated body fluid solution (SBF) – according to a widely used protocol – the biocompatibility of the new materials was tested with respect to murine fibroblasts both by direct and indirect tests, in order to evaluate possible cytotoxic effects of the materials’ eluates. Although none of the samples were cytotoxic and their bioactivity in SBF increased with the increasing amount of the glass in the composite, thus showing the best performance in the case of pure BGMS10 glass, the findings of the biological investigation did not confirm those arising from the SBF assay. Surprisingly, while the composites with the lowest glass amount showed an enhanced biocompatibility in direct tests, on the contrary their biological responsiveness is typically lower in the indirect ones, based on filtered materials’ extracts. This fact could be ascribed to the high release of particulate from the composites, which are more porous than the glassy samples: in fact, such pronounced dissolution may affect both the cell viability and the absorbance readings used in the colorimetric assays. The pure BGMS10 glass showed the best biological response only in the cell proliferation test (which is an indirect contact test), being able to stimulate cell proliferation in particular after 24 h. For these reasons, when considering bioactive glasses and bioglass-based composites, the results of direct cell culture assays should be integrated with those obtained by indirect ones, while the findings regarding the in vitro bioactivity in SBF should be interpreted with great care.
2019
- Zinc containing bioactive glasses with ultra-high crystallization temperature, good biological performance and antibacterial effects
[Articolo su rivista]
Sergi, R.; Bellucci, D.; Salvatori, R.; Maisetta, G.; Batoni, G.; Cannillo, V.
abstract
Novel bioactive glasses with different amount of zinc oxide (ZnO), namely 2, 3.8 and 5 mol%, were designed, produced by a melt-quenching route and investigated in terms of biological performance. Proper amounts of ZnO were added to a previously developed bioactive glass containing strontium and magnesium, characterized by an ultra-high crystallization temperature. Thus, the aim of the work was to obtain a bioactive glass with high crystallization temperature in view of an eventual thermal treatment, as well as antibacterial properties (due to the antimicrobial effect of zinc, as reported in the literature). Bioactivity was investigated by immersion in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF), which is a commonly used protocol to evaluate samples' bioactivity in vitro. Additionally, in order to exclude the possible cytotoxicity of Zn containing bioactive glasses, a biological investigation using MLO-Y4 cells was carried out, both by direct (NR uptake) and indirect (MTT) contact tests. Finally, the antibacterial effects of the produced bioactive glasses against Staphylococcus epidermidis (Gram-positive), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli (both Gram-negative) were investigated.
2018
- Bioglass and bioceramic composites processed by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS): biological evaluation Versus SBF test
[Articolo su rivista]
Bellucci, D.; Salvatori, R.; Cannio, M.; Luginina, M.; Orrù, R.; Montinaro, S.; Anesi, A.; Chiarini, L.; Cao, G.; Cannillo, V.
abstract
The biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite (HA), a lab-made bioglass (BGCaMIX) with high crystallization temperature and different HA/BGCaMIX composites, pro- duced by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), was tested with respect to murine osteocytes both by direct and indirect tests, in order to also investigate possible cytotoxic effects of the samples’ extracts. Previous investigations demon- strated that the samples’ bioactivity, evaluated in a simu- lated body fluid solution (SBF), increased with the increas- ing amount of BGCaMIX in the sample itself. Although none of the samples were cytotoxic, the findings of the bi- ological evaluation did not confirm those arising from the SBF assay. In particular, the results of direct tests did not show an enhanced “biological performance” of materials with higher glass content. This finding may be due to the high release of ions and particulate from the glass phase. On the contrary, the performance of the BGCaMIX alone is better for the indirect tests, based on filtered samples’ extracts. This work further demonstrates that, when con- sidering bioglasses and HA/bioglass composites, the re- sults of the SBF assays should be interpreted with great care, making sure that the results arising from direct con- tact tests are integrated with those arising from the indirect ones.
2018
- Bone regeneration by novel bioactive glasses containing strontium and/or magnesium: A preliminary in-vivo study
[Articolo su rivista]
Bellucci, Devis; Cannillo, Valeria; Anesi, Alexandre; Salvatori, Roberta; Chiarini, Luigi; Manfredini, Tiziano; Zaffe, Davide
abstract
In this work, a set of novel bioactive glasses have been tested in vivo in an animal model. The new compositions, characterized by an exceptional thermal stability and high in vitro bioactivity, contain strontium and/or magnesium, whose biological benefits are well documented in the literature. To simulate a long-term implant and to study the effect of the complete dissolution of glasses, samples were implanted in the mid-shaft of rabbits' femur and analyzed 60 days after the surgery; such samples were in undersized powder form. The statistical significance with respect to the type of bioactive glass was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. The results show high levels of bone remodeling, several new bone formations containing granules of calcium phosphate (sometimes with amounts of strontium and/or magnesium), and the absence of adverse effects on bone processes due to the almost complete glass dissolution. In vivo results confirming the cell culture outcomes of a previous study highlighted that these novel bioglasses had osteostimulative effect without adverse skeletal reaction, thus indicating possible beneficial effects on bone formation processes. The presence of strontium in the glasses seems to be particularly interesting.
2018
- In-Vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Three Low-Friction Abutment Coatings
[Abstract in Rivista]
Giavatto, M. A.; Consolo, U.; Bortolini, S.; Bianchi, A.; Natali, A; Giannatiempo, J; Cucchi, A; Bellucci, D; Salvatori, R; Cannillo, V.
abstract
Objectives: Plaque accumulation and mechanical wear are two main risk factors of implant-prosthetic failure. To reduce the occurrence of these complications, prototypical abutments ("Star Abutment”, PhD Course in Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Modena, Italy) were realised and the literature reviewed to identify eligible coatings for enhancing mechanical and chemical surface properties. Zirconium Nitride (ZrN), Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC), and Superlattice CrN/NbN (CrN/NbN) coated some abutments, and then Neutral Red Uptake Cytotoxicity Direct Contact Test was performed to primarily evaluate the biocompatibility of these surfaces.
Methods: Four specimens for each test group were sterilized, then each group placed in a plate directly contacting with Dulbecco’s modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) (Invitrogen, Karlshue, Germany) containing BALB/3T3 murine fibroblasts (Istituto Zooprofilattico, Brescia, Italy) at standard temperature (37°C±1°C), humidity (90%± 5%) and CO2 concentration (5%±1%). Two additional plates were used as positive (DMEM with 0.45% phenol solution) and negative (DMEM) control groups. Samples were analyzed at 24, 48 and 72 hours with optical microscope (Nikon, Japan) for cytomorphological evaluation and, after treatment with 0.2% Neutral Red, spectrophotometry analysis (HP 8452A Diode-Array, Hewlett-Packard, USA) was performed with λ set at 540nm to obtain fibroblasts survival rates for each test and control group: non-coated (NC), ZrN-coated, DLC-coated, CrN/NbN-coated, negative control (CTRL-) and positive control (CTRL+).
Results: Optical analysis showed no inhibition halo for each test specimens at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Spectrophotometry analysis showed no cytotoxicity for each test specimens at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Detailed results are reported in the attached graphics.
Conclusions: ZrN, DLC, and CrN/NbN coatings showed no cytotoxicity with BALB/3T3 murine fibroblasts after 24, 48 and 72 hours. These results encourage the research on Star Abutments. Up to January 2018, this seems to be the first application of a Superlattice CrN/NbN coating in dentistry.
2018
- Structural and ultrastructural analyses of bone regeneration in rabbit cranial osteotomy: Piezosurgery versus traditional osteotomes.
[Articolo su rivista]
Anesi, Alexandre; Ferretti, Marzia; Cavani, Francesco; Salvatori, Roberta; Bianchi, Michele; Alessandro, Russo; Chiarini, Luigi; Palumbo, Carla; Bianchi, Michele
abstract
Clinical advantages of piezosurgery have been already proved. However, few investigations have focused on the dynamics of bone healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in adult rabbits, bone regeneration after cranial linear osteotomies with two piezoelectrical devices (Piezosurgery® Medical - PM and Piezosurgery® Plus - PP), comparing them with conventional rotary osteotomes (RO). PP was characterized by an output power three times higher than PM. Fifteen days after surgery, histomorphometric analyses showed that the osteotomy gap produced with PM and PP was about half the size of that produced by RO, and in a more advanced stage of recovery. Values of regenerated bone area with respect to the total osteotomy area were about double in PM and PP samples compared with RO ones, while the number of TRAP-positive (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive) osteoclasts per linear surface showed a significant increase, suggesting greater bone remodelling. Under scanning electron microscopy, regenerated bone displayed higher cell density and less mineralized matrix compared with pre-existent bone for all devices used. Nanoindentation tests showed no changes in elastic modulus. In conclusion, PM/PP osteotomies can be considered equivalent to each other, and result in more rapid healing compared with those using RO.
2017
- A comparative in vivo evaluation of bioactive glasses and bioactive glass-based composites for bone tissue repair
[Articolo su rivista]
Bellucci, Devis; Anesi, Alexandre; Salvatori, Roberta; Chiarini, Luigi; Cannillo, Valeria
abstract
In this work a set of novel materials for bone tissue regeneration have been tested in vivo in an animal model. In fact, despite many studies have been devoted to amorphous 45S5 Bioglass®, there is lack in the literature of works aimed to study the in vivo performance of heat-treated – and thus partially crystallized – 45S5. As widely reported, crystallization limits the bioactivity of 45S5 and is the main reason that prevents a broader use of this material. Thus, in the present work, a recently developed bioactive glass (BG_Ca/Mix) is tested, since previous investigations demonstrated that BG_Ca/Mix is particularly promising by virtue of both its high bioactivity and lower tendency to crystallize with respect to 45S5. BG_Ca/Mix sintered powders and two composites, which contain BG_Ca/Mix and an increasing percentage (20 wt% or 70 wt%) of hydroxyapatite (HA), were considered. As a term of comparison, 45S5 sintered powders were also studied. The samples were implanted in rabbits' femurs and harvested after 8 weeks. The histological analysis demonstrated that BG_Ca/Mix has an osteoconductive ability slightly higher than that of 45S5 glass-ceramics, followed by that of the composites, which may represent the starting point for obtaining systems with degradation rate tailored for a given clinical application. Moreover, the 45S5 samples were locally cracked, probably because of a non-uniform dissolution in the physiological environment. On the contrary such cracks, which could lead to implant instability and unsuitable mechanical performance, were not observed in BG_Ca/Mix.
2017
- Role of magnesium oxide and strontium oxide as modifiers in silicate-based bioactive glasses: Effects on thermal behaviour, mechanical properties and in-vitro bioactivity
[Articolo su rivista]
Bellucci, Devis; Sola, Antonella; Salvatori, Roberta; Anesi, Alexandre; Chiarini, Luigi; Cannillo, Valeria
abstract
The composition of a CaO-rich silicate bioglass (BG_Ca-Mix, in mol%: 2.3 Na2O; 2.3 K2O; 45.6 CaO; 2.6 P2O5; 47.2 SiO2) was modified by replacing a fixed 10 mol% of CaO with MgO or SrO or fifty-fifty MgO-SrO. The thermal behaviour of the modified glasses was accurately evaluated via differential thermal analysis (DTA), heating microscopy and direct sintering tests. The presence of MgO and/or SrO didn't interfere with the thermal stability of the parent glass, since all the new glasses remained completely amorphous after sintering (treatment performed at 753 °C for the glass with MgO; at 750 °C with SrO; at 759 °C with MgO and SrO). The sintered samples achieved good mechanical properties, with a Young's modulus ranging between 57.9 ± 6.7 for the MgO-SrO modified composition and 112.6 ± 8.0 GPa for the MgO-modified one. If immersed in a simulated body fluid (SBF), the modified glasses after sintering retained the strong apatite forming ability of the parent glass, in spite of the presence of MgO and/or SrO. Moreover, the sintered glasses, tested with MLO-Y4 osteocytes by means of a multi-parametrical approach, showed a good bioactivity in vitro, since neither the glasses nor their extracts caused any negative effect on cell viability or any inhibition on cell growth. The best results were achieved by the MgO-modified glasses, both BGMIX_Mg and BGMIX_MgSr, which were able to exert a strong stimulating effect on the cell growth, thus confirming the beneficial effect of MgO on the glass bioactivity.
2016
- COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF BONE REGENERATION IN DIFFERENT RABBIT CRANIAL OSTEOMOMIES: TRADITIONAL VERSUS NEW GENERATION OSTEOTOMES
[Abstract in Rivista]
Ferretti, Marzia; Cavani, Francesco; Checchi, Marta; Smargiassi, Alberto; Anesi, Alexandre; Salvatori, Roberta; Chiarini, Luigi; Palumbo, Carla
abstract
COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF BONE REGENERATION IN DIFFERENT RABBIT CRANIAL OSTEOMOMIES: TRADITIONAL VERSUS NEW GENERATION OSTEOTOMES
2015
- Bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite composites: Mechanical properties and biological evaluation
[Articolo su rivista]
Bellucci, Devis; Sola, Antonella; Anesi, Alexandre; Salvatori, Roberta; Chiarini, Luigi; Cannillo, Valeria
abstract
Bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite composites for bone tissue repair and regeneration have been produced and discussed. The use of a recently developed glass, namely BG_Ca/Mix, with its low tendency to crystallize, allowed one to sinter the samples at a relatively low temperature thus avoiding several adverse effects usually reported in the literature, such as extensive crystallization of the glassy phase, hydroxyapatite (HA) decomposition and reaction between HA and glass. The mechanical properties of the composites with 80wt.% BG_Ca/Mix and 20wt.% HA are sensibly higher than those of Bioglass® 45S5 reference samples due to the presence of HA (mechanically stronger than the 45S5 glass) and to the thermal behaviour of the BG_Ca/Mix, which is able to favour the sintering process of the composites. Biocompatibility tests, performed with murine fibroblasts BALB/3T3 and osteocites MLO-Y4 throughout a multi-parametrical approach, allow one to look with optimism to the produced composites, since both the samples themselves and their extracts do not induce negative effects in cell viability and do not cause inhibition in cell growth.
2014
- PRELIMINARY FINDINGS OF A POTENZIATED PIEZOSURGERGICAL DEVICE AT THE RABBIT SKULL
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Anesi, Alexandre; Palumbo, Carla; Ferretti, Marzia; Salvatori, Roberta; Cavani, Francesco; Chiarini, Luigi
abstract
The number of available ultrasonic osteotomes has remarkably increased. In vitro and in vivo studies
have revealed differences between conventional osteotomes, such as rotating or sawing devices, and
ultrasound-supported osteotomes (Piezosurgery®) regarding the micromorphology and roughness
values of osteotomized bone surfaces.
Objective: the present study compares the micro-morphologies and roughness values of
osteotomized bone surfaces after the application of rotating and sawing devices, Piezosurgery
Medical® and Piezosurgery Medical New Generation Powerful Handpiece.
Methods: Fresh, standard-sized bony samples were taken from a rabbit skull using the following
osteotomes: rotating and sawing devices, Piezosurgery Medical® and a Piezosurgery Medical New
Generation Powerful Handpiece. The required duration of time for each osteotomy was recorded.
Micromorphologies and roughness values to characterize the bone surfaces following the different
osteotomy methods were described. The prepared surfaces were examined via light microscopy,
environmental surface electron microscopy (ESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal
laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and atomic force microscopy. The selective cutting of mineralized
tissues while preserving adjacent soft tissue (dura mater and nervous tissue) was studied. Bone
necrosis of the osteotomy sites and the vitality of the osteocytes near the sectional plane were
investigated, as well as the proportion of apoptosis or cell degeneration.
Results and Conclusions: The potential positive effects on bone healing and reossification
associated with different devices were evaluated and the comparative analysis among the different
devices used was performed, in order to determine the best osteotomes to be employed during
cranio-facial surgery.
2014
- Sol-gel derived bioactive glasses with low tendency to crystallize: synthesis, post-sintering bioactivity and possible application for the production of porous scaffolds.
[Articolo su rivista]
Bellucci, Devis; Sola, Antonella; Salvatori, Roberta; Anesi, Alexandre; Chiarini, Luigi; Cannillo, Valeria
abstract
A new sol-gel (SG) method is proposed to produce special bioactive glasses (BG_Ca family) characterized by a low tendency to devitrify. These formulations, derived from 45S5 Bioglass®, are characterized by a high content of CaO (45.6 mol%) and by a partial or complete substitution of sodium oxide with potassium oxide (total amount of alkaline oxides: 4.6 mol%), which increases the crystallization temperature up to 900°C. In this way, it is possible to produce them by SG preserving their amorphous nature, in spite of the calcination at 850°C. The sintering behavior of the obtained SG powders is thoroughly investigated and the properties of the sintered bodies are compared to those of the melt-derived (M) counterparts. Furthermore, the SG glass powders are successfully used to produce scaffolds by means of a modified replication technique based on the combined use of polyurethane sponges and polyethylene particles. Finally, in the view of a potential application for bone tissue engineering, the cytotoxicity of the produced materials is evaluated in vitro.
2013
- BONE GRAFT SUBSTITUTES IN MAXILLO-FACIAL SURGERY
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Anesi, Alexandre; Salvatori, Roberta; Chiarini, Luigi
abstract
Biomaterials for reconstruction of bony defects of the skull comprise of osteosynthetic materials applied after osteotomies or traumatic fractures and materials to fill bony defects which result from malformation, trauma or tumour resections. Other applications concern functional augmentations for dental implants or aesthetic augmentations in the facial region. The wide range of biomaterials available on the market, together with lack of established criteria to guide the use of a specific biomaterial in a particular application, has resulted in different surgeons using different materials, with no uniformity in clinical application. The optimal biomaterial that meets every requirement (e.g. biocompatibility, stability, intraoperative fitting, product safety, low costs etc.) does not exist. The different material types are (autogenic) bone and many alloplastics such as metals, ceramics, plastics and composites. We discuss our clinical experience in the use of biomaterials for craniofacial application and we present our experience with some experimental laboratory studies . Based on literature review, we present guidelines for use of different biomaterials in maxillo-facial surgery.
2012
- Innovative ophthalmic instrument to detect nano- and micro-aggregates in blood circulation
[Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Rovati, Luigi; Cattini, Stefano; Salvatori, Roberta; Antonietta, Gatti
abstract
An ophthalmic instrument for innovative analyses of the eye microcirculation is presented. The developed system employs a laser source to performs the DWS (diffusing-wave-spectroscopy) analysis of the light intensity back diffused by the ocular fundus structures, thus allowing a noninvasive detection of changes and modulations of both optical and dynamical properties of blood flow. The reported preliminary experimental results recorded in-vivo on rabbits' ocular fundus, demonstrate the ability of the system to detect nano- micro-aggregates carried by the blood flow in the ocular fundus.
2005
- In-vivo short- and long-term evaluation of the interaction material-blood.
[Articolo su rivista]
Gatti, Antonietta; S., Montanari; Gambarelli, Andrea; F., Capitani; Salvatori, Roberta
abstract
Through an innovative electron microscopy technique, thrombi and fibrotic tissue taken from 14 explanted vena cava filters were observed. Twelve cases showed the presence of micro-and nano-sized inorganic, non biodegradable nor biocompatible particles which did not belong to the metal the device was made of and which could be the sole cause or, more likely, a pre-existing cause for thrombosis. In two cases, those debris activated immunological reactions typical of a foreign body. The presence of inorganic particles in the blood was never detected before and their effects on human health are hardly known. Their thrombogenicity should be added to the Virchow's Triad as a fourth factor and could be the explanation to many of the cases of pulmonary embolism where no thrombotic focus could be demonstrated.
1999
- Biocompatibilità di Leghe auree per odontoiatria
[Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Gatti, Antonietta; Monari, Emanuela; F., Mintrone; Salvatori, Roberta
abstract
n/a
1999
- Biocompatibilità di leghe odontoiatriche
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Gatti, Antonietta; Monari, Emanuela; Salvatori, Roberta
abstract
n/a
1998
- Biocompatibilità di un nuovo materiale per difetti parodontali
[Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Gatti, Antonietta; Monari, Emanuela; Salvatori, Roberta; V., Betti
abstract
n/a