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NICOLÒ CAVINA
Docente Interateneo
Dipartimento di Ingegneria "Enzo Ferrari"
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Insegnamento: Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engines and Hybrid Propulsion Systems/Advanced Combustion Systems
Advanced Automotive Engineering (Offerta formativa 2022)
Obiettivi formativi
Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engines and Hybrid Propulsion Systems/Advanced Combustion Systems:
The course has the objective of better understanding modern internal combustion engines for motor vehicles and hybrid propulsion systems, with particular reference to their architecture, functionality, environmental impact and control system. Students develop the ability to model dynamic systems, with a control-oriented approach and with particular application to internal combustion engines and hybrid powertrains (electric, mechanical, hydraulic,…). Finally, the course provides the knowledge necessary to develop control strategies based on physical models of the system (powertrain and / or vehicle), and oriented to the minimization of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions.
Advanced Combustion System:
Course will provide a deep knowledge on the thermo-fluid processes governing the reciprocating engine operations.
Topics will deal with advanced combustion concepts and actual design targets. The goal is to promote the knowledge and the capability to handle combustion physics and component operation fundamentals. The students will be capable to face the design of combustion system, accomplishing with emission regulations and fuel conversion efficiency goals.
Prerequisiti
Internal Combustion Engines
Students must know in details Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine fundamentals, Fluid Machinery operation and Thermo-Fluid Dynamics
Programma del corso
Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engines and Hybrid Propulsion Systems:
1) The first part of the course deals with modeling and simulation of internal combustion engines, with a control-oriented approach. Modeling objectives: to determine the main engine operating parameters time (or crank-angle based) histories. Mass and energy balance application to the main engine sub-volumes. Crank-angle vs time based simulation. Discrete vs continuous engine models. Intake air mass flow simulation: throttle model. Four-cylinder engine model. Wide Open Throttle (WOT) and load step simulations. Simulation of steady-state and transient conditions. CFUs = 2.
2) Engine control systems. Comparison between Alfa-N, Speed-Density and MAF systems for determining intake air mass flow. Lambda closed-loop control. Fuel film model and compensator. Cruise control system. Idle speed control system. Development of a simulink-based engine+vehicle+controller control-oriented model. CFUs = 2.
3) After discussing the main motivations for hybrid powertrains, the second part of the course presents an overview of optimal control theory and introduces a control-oriented model of a hybrid vehicle. Possible solutions for energy consumption minimization are then developed and analyzed in a simulation environment. CFUs = 2.
Advanced Combustion Systems:
1) Emission regulation scenario (EU6/7, WLTC, RDE) and effect to engine design trends and Scenario and forecast on new fuels: biofuel, 'hydrocrabon based biofuel' and e-fuels. CFUs = 1.
2) Spark Ignited Combustion System: laminar and turbulent flame speed, ignition and main combustion process. The knock and pre-ignition events. The combustion cycle-to-cycle variation. Effect of design parameters and operating conditions. SI engines technologies to operate at Lambda 1: Miller Cycles, Water Injection. Short review on the effect on boost requirements and on other technologies (Cooled EGR, VCR. Criteria for the combustion chamber design including the definition of injector specifications and the optimizations of its interaction with in-cylinder flow characteristics (tumble-swirl).
CFUs = 2.
3) Compression Ignition non-premixed combustion: Spray dynamics and combustion chamber fluid dynamics characteristics, fuel auto-ignition, non-premixed combustion. Emission formation mechanisms.Criteria for the combustion chamber design including the definition of injector specifications and the optimizations of its interaction with in-cylinder flow characteristics (swirl).
CFUs = 1.
4) Advanced Combustion systems based on auto-ignition of fully- or partially-premixed charge (HCCI,GDCI, RCCI, SACI): effect of fuel specifications and injection strategies. Rate of Heat release.
CFUs = 1.
5) High-pressure direct-injection injection system (gasoline and Diesel engine). Injection system layout and operation. Multihole injector layout and operations. Injector characteristic curves. Injector nozzle flow fundamentals: cavitation and two-phase flow in injector holes. Experimental characterization of fuel sprays: penetration, Sauter Mean Diameter
CFUs = 1.
Metodi didattici
Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engines and Hybrid Propulsion Systems:
The course is held in English. The lessons take place in the classroom, and a personal computer will be used by the instructor to show some PowerPoint presentations and to develop mathematical models. Possibly, each student will use a personal computer running Matlab/Simulink during the simulation and model development sessions. The educational material is uploaded before each lecture on the University online platform.
Attendance is strongly recommended for better learning of concepts and methodologies, but does not affect the final evaluation process.
Advanced Combustion Systems:
The course, which will be given in English, includes:
1) theoretical lectures made with the aid of multimedia systems. The didactic material is uploaded on the University website
2) training activities related to solve a practical combustion system design problem: students are grouped in teams of 4/6 people and asked to autonomously manage and develop a project to be presented and discussed during the exam.
Testi di riferimento
Modelling and Control of Internal Combustion Engines and Hybrid Propulsion Systems:
Handouts concerning some elements of the program, exercises and examples, are available online. The following list presents the main texts that could be used by the students to deepen specific topics, or to complement their background on the subject:
"Introduction to modeling and control of internal combustion engine systems", L. Guzzella, C. H. Onder, Springer-Verlag, 2004.
"Engine Modeling and Control", R. Isermann, Springer, 2014.
“Vehicle Propulsion Systems: Introduction to Modeling and Optimization”, L. Guzzella, A. Sciarretta, Springer-Verlag, 2005
"Hybrid Electric Vehicles - Energy Management Strategies", S. Onori, L. Serrao, G. Rizzoni, Springer, 2016.
Advanced Combustion Systems:
Mandatory:
Lecturer note and presentation provided during the course in advance by uploading on the University dedicated web site Moodle.
Optional:
1. “Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals”, J.B., Heywood, Mc Graw Hill.
2. SAE International Technical papers
Verifica dell'apprendimento
Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engines and Hybrid Propulsion Systems:
Learning assessment is finalized through a final oral examination, which takes place for about 60-90 minutes, answering a few questions in writing (diagrams, equations, diagrams, drawings, ...) and then discussing them with the instructor.
This test is intended to verify the student knowledge about the main subjects of the course. The final vote takes into account the ability to solve problems in the matters discussed during the lectures, and the acquisition of engineering methodologies for assessing the performance of automotive energy conversion systems.
The evaluation, expressed in thirtieths, will be higher the more the student is:
autonomous in articulating answers to the questions;
exhaustive in explaining the topics;
capable of synthesizing the most important parameters and relationships through graphs, sketches, and schematics.
During the exam, students are not allowed to use the lecture notes or other material and they are required to show a valid identity document.
Advanced Combustion Systems:
The exam includes oral test only at the end of the course.
The oral exam is aimed to assess the student knowledge of the course content and her/how won capability and skills to apply them to solution of practical design problem.
The exams consists of two questions and an oral speech of the project and it is assumed to last 45 min.
In particular, the exam would check:
- Student Knowledge of engine thermofluid dynamic process
- Student ability to cross correlate theory of physical processes and the final decision of the component and system specification in o order to accomplish a given combustion system target
- Student Ability to solve an actual design problem and deliver a technical report
The minimum score is 18/30, the maximum is 30/30 with honors.
The minimum score is not achieved if large deficiencies in learning outcomes are exhibited: i.e., missing main hypothesis, miss any knowledge of engine system, components and processes principles , etc.
Exam call schedule is available in large advance on the University Web Site. Students willing to take the exam must subscribe the list available for each call on the web site.
Students are required to show their own ID before taking the exam.
In case of health restriction, the oral examination may be performed 'on-line' according to the University guidelines and according to the guidelines made available by the professor on the course web page.
Risultati attesi
Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engines and Hybrid Propulsion Systems:
Knowledge and understanding: through lectures and technical seminars by specialists, students learn the methods and techniques for modeling dynamic systems, with a control-oriented approach and with particular application to internal combustion engines and hybrid powertrains (electric, mechanical, hydraulic,…)..
Applying knowledge and understanding: through the autonomous project development and practical exercises related to engine modeling and control, students learn how to apply the knowledge gained, by developing control strategies based on physical models of the system, even in new and unfamiliar multidisciplinary fields.
Making judgments: students develop the ability to integrate knowledge and handle complexity to formulate judgments even on the basis of incomplete or limited information, reflecting on social and ethical responsibilities linked to the field of mobility systems and their impact on our society.
Communication skills: the discussion with the teacher and with their colleagues helps students to develop the ability to critically communicate, especially using the engineering technical language, technical information, ideas, problems and solutions to both specialist and non-specialist individuals.
Learning skills: the activities carried out in class allow the students to develop the skills necessary to autonomously deepen technical topics in the field of modeling and control of engineering systems, in order to effectively face professional challenges or to undertake further studies.
Advanced Combustion Systems:
Knowledge and understanding: students learn the methods and techniques of engineering design, and develop the ability to think out and implement original ideas, even in a Research & Development contest and to learn the methods and main analysis techniques for electric drives suitable to be used in automotive application.
Applying knowledge and understanding: through the autonomous project development, students learn how to apply the knowledge in R&D division to develop up-to date combustion systems and to configure and size an electric propulsion system.
Making judgments: through the engineering project development, in team, and the discussion with the teacher, students develop the ability to integrate knowledge and handle complexity, and formulate judgments even on the basis of incomplete or limited information, reflecting on social and ethical responsibilities linked to the application of their knowledge and judgments.
Communication skills: through the work in team and the discussion with the teacher, students develop the ability to critically communicate, especially using the engineering technical language, technical information, ideas, problems and solutions to both specialist and non-specialist.
Learning skills: the activities described allow students to develop the skills necessary to autonomously deepen technical topics, in order to effectively face professional challenges or to undertake further studies.