Paola CORATZA - personale UniMoRe

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Paola CORATZA

Professore Associato
Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche - Sede Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche

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Pubblicazioni

2023 - Geosites and geological landscapes of Liguria (Italy) [Articolo su rivista]
Ferrando, A.; Faccini, F.; Paliaga, G.; Coratza, P.
abstract

Liguria is a small region in Northwestern Italy which is characterized by significant and valuable geoheritage. The 1:250,000 map presented in this paper displays the 120 geosites of Liguria, officially approved by regional and national authorities, framed in the context of the geological landscapes of the region. The geological landscapes were obtained by categorizing and thematizing geological, lithological and geomorphological data in macro-units with similar characteristics. Protected areas (National parks, regional parks and natural reserves) and caves are also highlighted in the map. This work aims to give a better understanding of the Ligurian geoheritage, its relationship with the geological and geomorphological context, and the framework of protected areas. Thus, the present map can be a useful tool for developing effective geoheritage management and enhancement strategies.

2023 - Increasing Geoheritage Awareness through Non-Formal Learning [Articolo su rivista]
Coratza, P.; Vandelli, V.; Ghinoi, A.
abstract

Non-formal learning can have a crucial role in increasing citizens’ literacy to geoscience providing the opportunity to raise the public profile of geology and geomorphology. Starting from these remarks, the project presented here is one of the first attempts, at national level, aimed at achieving the territorial upgrading based on geoheritage enhancement. The project started thanks to a bottom-up input and involved the collaboration between scholars and local administrations and stakeholders for the valorization of a fluvial area within the Municipality of Castellarano (Emilia Apennines, Northern Italy). To achieve this aim of non-formal learning activities, based on the interpretation of the geoheritage, have been implemented. In fact, the investigated area includes valuable geological and geomorphological features which have been used, in the frame of the project here presented, to promote local geodiversity and geotourism. In particular, three geosites of regional significance were considered for the creation of EarthCaches, interpretative panels and guided excursions. Interpretative contents were designed to be educational, providing accurate but non-technical explanations. Attention was given in including illustrations playing an important role in the learning process. The results revealed that the implemented activities positively contribute to raising public awareness on the value of geoheritage.

2023 - The influence of geographical factors on COVID-19 outbreak: A literature review [Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Coratza, Paola; Ghinoi, Alessandro; Palandri, Lucia; Righi, Elena; Rizzi, Cristiana; Soldati, Mauro; Vandelli, Vittoria
abstract

A significant number of papers focusing on the relationships between COVID-19 diffusion and geographic factors is available in literature. The same applies to the use of geographic techniques (e.g., spatial tools and mapping) for the study of the pandemic. Although the literature on these topics is already abundant, a detailed and comprehensive review is still lacking. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to fill the existing gap by presenting a literature review of geographical studies dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. The review is aimed at: i) understanding the role of geographic/territorial determinants (e.g., geographic location of confirmed cases, climatic and environmental characteristics, urbanization) in the spread of COVID-19; ii) identifying common approaches, materials, and methods used in the study of the COVID-19 outbreak from a geographical perspective; iii) recognising possible research gaps to address future in-depth analyses. To achieve these goals a literature review was made concerning the application of geographical approaches for the study of one or more geographical factors/variables, as well as socioeconomic factors in relation to the outbreak and diffusion of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main academic literature databases were inquired. More than 80 papers were reviewed and categorized according to different criteria, e.g., considered variables, investigated period, spatial and temporal resolution and applied methodologies. This research is part of an interdisciplinary project (“DISCOV19”) funded by the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and aiming at identifying the main vulnerability and risk factors related to COVID-19 outbreak and at formulating prevention and management schemes with a focus on the Province of Modena (Northern Italy). The investigation crosses different disciplines: i) public health epidemiology, investigating the contagion modalities and health and socio-demographic predisposing factors; ii) economic-statistical methodology, pointing out the structural characteristics of the networks that convey the contagion and the main social, technological and management vulnerabilities with respect to COVID-19 spread; iii) geography and geomorphology, for thematic mapping and spatial analysis of COVID-19 outbreak and understanding the role of environmental and physical-geographical factors on COVID-19 incidence. The review here presented fits into this context being one of the first outputs of the project implementation.

2022 - Degradation Risk Assessment: Understanding the Impacts of Climate Change on Geoheritage [Articolo su rivista]
Selmi, L.; Canesin, T. S.; Gauci, R.; Pereira, P.; Coratza, P.
abstract

Several factors and processes, both natural and anthropogenic, can threaten the integrity of any geosite, leading to their degradation. For this reason, geoheritage degradation risks should be considered a fundamental step in any geoconservation strategy, all the more when the aim is to tackle the effects of climate change. The present work proposes a quantitative methodology for the degradation risk assessment of geosites by considering the extrinsic factors that can damage the geoheritage. The methodology has been tested on the Maltese Islands, where considerable previous research has been undertaken in order to highlight the international significance of the Maltese landscapes. Three criteria to assess the degradation risk are proposed: natural vulnerability, anthropogenic vulnerability and public use. For each criterion, several parameters have been identified in order to propose a detailed numerical evaluation. The results show that the degradation risk of geosites is mainly related to negligence and lack of knowledge of its inherent geological heritage, and which leads to public misuse and mismanagement of the geosites. The results give an overview of the condition of the geosites and provide information for the design and management of suitable protection measures, especially in the light of future threats related to climate change.

2022 - Landslides, a Key Landform in the Global Geological Heritage [Articolo su rivista]
Morino, C.; Coratza, P.; Soldati, M.
abstract

Landslides are important components of global geoheritage, but awareness of their significance and value in such terms seems scanty in the scientific community. Landslides are normally identified among various features of geological and geomorphological interest, and often considered a source of hazard. However, they are seldom identified as geosites and as part of geoheritage. This paper aims at filling these gaps by highlighting the importance of landslides in the global geoheritage. After a short introduction on the values and criteria to define landforms as geosites, based on literature review, we show to what extent landslides have been defined as geomorphosites and as part of geoheritage around the world. We then outline three aspects that should be specifically considered in the identification of landslides as geomorphosites, namely 1) past and present climate changes, 2) anthropic signature, and 3) risk perception. Finally, we describe four cases of spectacular landslides that serve as significant examples worldwide.

2021 - A quantitative gis and ahp based analysis for geodiversity assessment and mapping [Articolo su rivista]
Ferrando, A.; Faccini, F.; Paliaga, G.; Coratza, P.
abstract

In recent times, the issues of geodiversity assessment and mapping have been subject of great attention, and many evaluation methodologies, either quantitative or qualitative, have been developed. In this research, a first assessment of geodiversity in the Liguria region has been carried out, according to a quantitative method based on spatial analysis techniques implemented in a GIS environment. This method considers four diversity indices obtained by grid analysis, relevant to the four main aspects of geodiversity: geology, geomorphology, hydrogeology and pedology. The geodiversity index was calculated two times, first with a non-weighted sum, then with a weighted sum of the four diversity indices. In the second case, the weights have been assigned according to a semi-quantitative analytical hierarchy process method (AHP) based on experts’ judgment. The results show that the Liguria region is characterized by many areas with high geodiversity, most of them internationally known by geoscientists and tourists for their valuable geoheritage and for their stunning landscapes. The correspondence between these areas and the protected areas of the european Natura 2000 network suggests a link between geodiversity and biodiversity.

2021 - Advances in geoheritage mapping: Application to iconic geomorphological examples from the italian landscape [Articolo su rivista]
Coratza, P.; Bollati, I. M.; Panizza, V.; Brandolini, P.; Castaldini, D.; Cucchi, F.; Deiana, G.; Del Monte, M.; Faccini, F.; Finocchiaro, F.; Gioia, D.; Melis, R.; Minopoli, C.; Nesci, O.; Paliaga, G.; Pennetta, M.; Perotti, L.; Pica, A.; Tognetto, F.; Trocciola, A.; Valentini, L.; Giardino, M.; Pelfini, M.
abstract

In the framework of geosite management, specific targeted symbols for geomorphological legends are still lacking. Concerning geosites of geomorphological interest, geomorphological mapping requires targeted symbols in relation to goals and applications, either concerning geomorphic hazards and risk detection or the enhancement of resources, in particular those related to cultural heritage and, hence, geoheritage. A new methodology for mapping geo(morpho)heritage on geo-morphological maps is presented in this paper. Nine iconic examples from the Italian landscape, selected in different morphogenetic and morphoclimatic contexts, are proposed to test the methodology in relation to point, polyline and polygon features. Moreover, guidelines for mapping are suggested according to the importance of the site and to the complexity of processes characterizing each case study.

2021 - Controlling Factors of Badland Morphological Changes in the Emilia Apennines (Northern Italy) [Articolo su rivista]
Coratza, Paola; Parenti, Carlotta
abstract

Badlands are typical erosional landforms of the Apennines (Northern Italy) that form on Plio-Pleistocene clayey bedrock and rapidly evolve. The present study aimed at identification and assessment of the areal and temporal changes of badlands within a pilot area of the Modena Province (Emilia Apennines), where no previous detailed investigation has been carried out. For this purpose, a diachronic investigation was carried out to map the drainage basin and the drainage networks of the linear erosion features in the study area during the last 40 years, and to evaluate changes in badlands drainage basins morphometry and surface, land use and pluviometry. The investigation carried out indicated a general stabilisation trend of the badlands in the study area. In fact, a reduction in the bare surface area from 6187.1 m2 in 1973 to 4214.1 m2 in 2014 (31%), due to an intensified revegetation process around the badland areas, has been recorded. This trend, in line with the results of research carried out in other sector of the Northern Apennines, is mainly due to intensive land use changes, mostly the increase in forest cover and the reduction of agricultural land, that occurred in the study area from the 1970s onwards.

2021 - Geomorphology of the seafloor north east of the Maltese Islands, Central Mediterranean [Articolo su rivista]
Prampolini, M.; Coratza, P.; Rossi, S.; Parenti, C.; Galea, C.; Caruana, A.; Soldati, M.
abstract

This paper presents a geomorphological map of the seafloor north east of the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean) at a scale of 1:50,000. The map was compiled following the integration, analysis and interpretation of several high-resolution seafloor bathymetry datasets. Several structural features, coastal and marine landforms and anthropogenic features have been mapped. Most of the mapped submerged landforms–including fluvial, gravity-induced and karst landforms–appear to have been formed during the sea-level lowstand of the last glacial cycle. The map provides valuable insights on the submerged landscape of the Maltese Islands and its evolution since the Last Glacial Maximum.

2021 - Geosites inventory in liguria region (Northern italy): A tool for regional geoconservation and environmental management [Articolo su rivista]
Ferrando, A.; Faccini, F.; Poggi, F.; Coratza, P.
abstract

The Liguria Region in Northern Italy is characterized by a wide geological and geomor-phological variety, encompassing an important and valuable geoheritage. The Ligurian regional law (L.R. 39/2009) protects and enhances geodiversity and geosites, establishing the Regional Inventory of Geosites; however, an approved official inventory is still lacking. In this work, a first reasoned inventory of 120 geosites is proposed for the Liguria Region on the basis of field surveys and literature review. A quantitative assessment of the value and the degradation risk of geosites has been carried out: the value assessment takes into account scientific, additional and potential-for-use values; the degradation risk assessment considers geosites’ fragility and vulnerability. The results, providing knowledge on the Ligurian geoheritage, can serve as the basis for the Regional Inventory of Geosites and can be useful tools for the implementation of any regional geoconservation strategy or environmental management plan.

2021 - Submarine Geomorphology of the Eastern Continental Platform of the Maltese Archipelago [Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Parenti, C.; Prampolini, M.; Coratza, P.; Soldati, M.; Rossi, S.
abstract

The goal of this study was to reconstruct the geomorphological evolution of the eastern continental shelf of the Maltese archipelago through the analysis of the main submarine landforms and the production of a synoptic geomorphological map of the area at a 1:50,000 scale. The study made it possible to deepen the knowledge about the landforms of the Maltese submarine landscape from the Last Glacial Maximum until today and to outline its geomorphological evolution. This work also allowed representing data that previously had not been summarized in a synoptic geomorphological map.

2019 - Bridging terrestrial and marine geoheritage: Assessing geosites in Portofino Natural Park (Italy) [Articolo su rivista]
Coratza, P.; Vandelli, V.; Fiorentini, L.; Paliaga, G.; Faccini, F.
abstract

Interest in geoheritage research has grown over the past 25 years and several countries have issued laws to encourage improvement and conservation. Investigations on geosites are prevalently carried out on land environments, although the study of underwater marine environments is also of paramount scientific importance. Nevertheless, due to the constraints of underwater environments, these sites have been little explored, also on account of the higher costs and difficulties of surveying. This research has identified and assessed the terrestrial and marine geosites of the Portofino Natural Park and Protected Marine Area, which are internationally famous owing to both the land scenic features and the quality of the marine ecosystem. The goal was to pinpoint the most suitable sites for tourist improvement and fruition and identify possible connections between the two environments. In all, 28 terrestrial sites and 27 marine sites have been identified and their scientific value as well as their ecological, cultural, and aesthetic importance has been assessed. In addition, accessibility, services, and economic potential of geosites has also been taken into account. Both the updated database of terrestrial and marine geosites in the Portofino protected areas and the assessment procedure adopted can become useful tools for the managers of these sites and provide decision-makers with possible strategies for tourist development.

2019 - Geoheritage as a tool for environmental management: A case study in northern malta (central mediterranean sea) [Articolo su rivista]
Selmi, L.; Coratza, P.; Gauci, R.; Soldati, M.
abstract

The recognition, selection and quantitative assessment of sites of geological and geomorphological interest are fundamental steps in any environmental management focused on geoconservation and geotourism promotion. The island of Malta, in the central Mediterranean Sea, despite having a steadily increasing growth in population and tourism, still conserves geological and geomorphological features of great relevance and interest, both for their contribution to the understanding of the geological processes acting through time on landscape and for their aesthetic importance. The present work proposes an inventory for northern Malta, through three main stages, with the outcome of a final list of geosites that have the potential to be recognized as both natural heritage and tourist resources with potential economic benefits. In particular, the assessment methodology applied combines scientific value and additional and use-values, showing the links existing between geoheritage and other aspects of nature and culture of the sites. The results provide useful knowledge for the definition of strategies aimed at the development of a sustainable and responsible tourism.

2019 - Geomorphology of the Rio Cisles basin (Odle Group, Dolomites, Italy) [Articolo su rivista]
Coratza, P.; Ghinoi, A.; Marchetti, M.; Soldati, M.
abstract

The results of geomorphological investigations carried out in the Rio Cisles basin in the Odle Group (Italian Alps) are presented. This is one of the most famous and spectacular mountain groups of the Dolomites, located in the north-western sector of the Gardena valley, an area of high tourism appeal. Field surveys and multitemporal aerial-photo interpretation led to the production of a geomorphological map at a 1:12,000 scale. This map outlines the features of an area of about 20 km2 , characterised by high relief energy, mainly due to the overlapping of large dolomite rocks masses on clayey rocks. The present morphology is the result of intense postglacial and paraglacial geomorphic activity, which has affected the area since the Upper Pleistocene. The geomorphological evolution of this area has been reconstructed and a new contribution is given to the comprehension of the geomorphology of the eastern Dolomites.

2019 - The natural reserve of the Secchia River flow regulation system: a place for flood mitigation and people amusement (Po Plain, Italy) [Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Castaldini, D.; Coratza, P.; Galbiati, A.
abstract

This work illustrates the Landscape Map of the Natural Reserve of the Secchia River which is located in the area of the flow regulation system of this river in the Po Plain

2018 - Developing new approaches and strategies for teaching Physical Geography and Geomorphology: the role of the Italian Association of Physical Geography and Geomorphology (AIGeo) [Articolo su rivista]
Pelfini, Manuela; Fredi, Paola; Bollati, Irene; Coratza, Paola; Fubelli, Giandomenico; Giardino, Marco; Liucci, Luisa; Magagna, Alessandra; Melelli, Laura; Padovani, Veronica; Luisa, Pellegrini; Perotti, Luigi; Piacente, Sandra; Vescogni, Alessandro; Zerboni, Andrea; Pambianchi, Gilberto
abstract

The researches carried out by the AIGeo (Italian Association of Physical Geography and Geomorphology) members, also in collaboration with other researchers, cover various important topics of the Environmental and Earth Sciences and focus on scientific goals and on the development of educational strategies and applications as well. Topics and novelties concerning Physical Geography and Geomorphology fit well with the indications included in the Ministerial National Guidelines for the secondary schools of 2nd level and in the general goals referred to the secondary school of 1st level, where the landscape is discussed by the Geography teachers and natural phenomena by the Science teachers. In this paper, we present an overview about education in Physical Geography and Geomorphology and some examples of the most recent researches planned and tested for the secondary school (1st and 2nd level) and for present and future teachers.

2018 - Environmental rehabilitation linking natural and industrial heritage: a Master Plan for dismissed quarry areas in the Emilia Apennines (Italy) [Articolo su rivista]
Coratza, P.; Vandelli, V.; Soldati, M.
abstract

Over the past decades, quarrying activities have produced a vast array of physical and environmental impacts worldwide. In the past 20 years, there has been a growing need to address the issue of rehabilitation and requalification of quarry areas that, to be effective, should be strictly linked to local territorial resources and context, as shown by different types of rehabilitation schemes implemented in different parts of the world. This paper focuses on the rehabilitation of a recently dismissed quarry area in the Rio della Rocca valley (Emilia Apennines, northern Italy), near the ceramic tile district of Sassuolo, which is considered the largest in the world. During the past 50 years, quarrying activity has deeply modified the pristine landscape of this valley, which, however, still holds biotic and abiotic features of great natural interest and scientific value. The methodological approach and actions that led to an environmental rehabilitation scheme, based on the combined appraisal of geological, biological and industrial heritage within a Master Plan, are presented. Territorial resources, restrictions on development, geological hazards, as well as inputs from the local community at different stages were taken into account in defining the Master Plan.

2018 - Geodiversity and Geoheritage: Crossing Disciplines and Approaches [Articolo su rivista]
Coratza, Paola; Reynard, Emmanuel; Zwoliński, Zbigniew
abstract

In recent times, two terms, which are being used more and more frequently have been introduced into scientific nomenclature: Geoheritage (cf. Reynard and Brilha 2018 and references therein) and Geodiversity (cf. Gray 2013, 2018 and Najwer and Zwoliński 2014 and references therein). The concept of geoheritage was introduced in the 1970s (cf. Martini 1994), whereas geodiversity has been recognised as a concept worth investigating from the 1990s onwards (e.g. Wiedenbein 1993; Sharples 1995) but several recent attempts have been made to properly define and assess it (cf. Zwoliński et al. 2018 and references therein). Since their appearance, both concepts have aroused strong interest and debate, not only of researchers in Earth Sciences but also of experts in biology (e.g. Parks and Mulligan 2010; Hjort et al. 2012), spatial planning (e.g. Poiraud et al. 2016; Gordon et al. 2018; Bruschi and Coratza 2018 and references therein), general tourism (cf. Newsome and Dowling 2018 and reference therein) as well as national geotourism (e.g. Asrat et al. 2008 for Ethiopia and Migoń 2012 for Poland and references therein) and cultural heritage (e.g. Margottini 2007; Přikryl and Torok 2010; Coratza et al. 2016; Reynard et al. 2017), especially those interested in integrated and interdisciplinary approaches. This increase in awareness is testified within scientific circles by the numerous scientific conferences, workshops and sessions on geoheritage and geodiversity issues organised during the last two decades. Worthy of note is the increasing success from 2013 of the joint session on geoheritage and geodiversity in the European Geosciences Union General Assembly, which demonstrates the importance of heritage issues to the geoscience community.

2018 - Geoheritage and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) [Capitolo/Saggio]
Coratza, Paola; Bruschi, Viola M.
abstract

Geoheritage represents an important part of natural and cultural heritage, and provides the society with a broad range of services that are fundamental for its socio-economic development. Due to its nature, geoheritage constitutes a non-renewable resource; thus, natural processes and human activities can produce a partial or total loss of such heritage and associated services. In order to achieve the protection and conservation of geoheritage, one strategy is the identification and estimation of the probable impacts produced by human activity, with the objective to design mitigation measures. Environmental Impacts Assessment (EIA) represents the best tool to reach these objectives. Even if this procedure exists since the end of the 1960s and is now being practised in many countries, the integration of geoheritage in EIA is not yet satisfactory. Some efforts were made at the end of 20th century, but methodologies for the integration of geoheritage in the EIA procedures are still very limited.

2018 - Geoheritage map of the Portofino Natural Park (Italy) [Articolo su rivista]
Faccini, Francesco; Gabellieri, Nicola; Paliaga, Guido; Piana, Pietro; Angelini, Serafino; Coratza, Paola
abstract

This paper introduces a novel geoheritage map of the Portofino Natural Park. The park is an internationally well-known area, protected since 1935, located in the Ligurian Apennines, 25 km E of Genoa. It has 80 km of hiking trails which are used by visitors all year around. The map was produced by combining geological and geomorphological data, geoheritage elements and data from hiking and tourist maps. It is intended to be a base map from which can be derived applied maps. With appropriate integrations and simplifications, these can be useful tools for the management of highly frequented protected areas. The methodological approach involved aerial photo interpretation, bibliographical research, field work and the use of data from the Park archives. The original base map was produced by using a Digital Terrain Model raster (5 m) and vector layers for the different cartographical elements.

2018 - Geological landscape and stone heritage of the genoa walls Urban park and surrounding area (Italy) [Articolo su rivista]
Sacchini, Alessandro; Ponaro, Maria Imbrogio; Paliaga, Guido; Piana, Pietro; Faccini, Francesco; Coratza, Paola
abstract

In the last 20 years the conservation and enhancement of cultural and landscape heritage sites have been increasingly promoted by specific national and international laws. Thematic maps from scientific studies facilitate the public promotion and understanding of landscape and cultural heritage. This work introduces a novel geological landscape and stone heritage map of the Genoa Walls Urban Park (1:10.000 scale). The park is located in the immediate surroundings of Genoa city centre and it includes a complex system of historical fortifications. Today the park is frequented by hikers, mountain bikers and tourists. The map shows three different elements of the park: lithological and geomorphological elements, cultural and landscape heritage sites and the trail network. This map offers new insights into the way in which the park authority can promote the sustainable fruition of a highly valuable area, characterised by landscape and historical interest next to one of the largest historical centres of Europe, part of which is inscribed in the list of Unesco World Heritage Sites.

2018 - InterGEO: a Digital Platform for University Education on Geomorphological Heritage [Articolo su rivista]
Reynard, Emmanuel; Coratza, Paola; Cayla, Nathalie; Clivaz, Mélanie; Comănescu, Laura; Darbellay, Lucie; Giusti, Christian; Grecu, Florina; Hobléa, Fabien; Pereira, Paulo
abstract

The project InterGEO was carried out with the objective to disseminate knowledge on geomorphological heritage by developing a digital learning platform. It aims at improving students’ autonomy by the reduction of face-to-face teaching and increasing autonomous learning as well as promoting international interactions between students interested in geomorphological heritage. A completely free-access virtual course on geomorphosites was developed with the Learning Management System Moodle. The course is divided into 24 thematic chapters, each of them containing a short description, a list of references and selected publications, as well as other educational material (videos, virtual fieldtrips, etc.). In particular, several videos allow presenting in a dynamic way concepts and examples. The paper presents the tool and its use in academic programmes in six European universities, where it was tested, in various contexts (Bachelors’ and Masters’ programmes; students in geography or geology; general courses in geomorphology and specific courses on geoheritage and geoconservation), before discussing the advantages and challenges the tool is facing. The InterGEO platform is an easy-to-use and friendly educational tool, which allows developing blended learning activities; it is flexible and adaptable in various learning contexts.

2018 - Lithological and structural control on Italian mountain geoheritage: Opportunities for tourism, outdoor and educational activities [Articolo su rivista]
Bollati, Irene; Coratza, Paola; Panizza, Valeria; Pelfini, Manuela
abstract

Mountain landscapes are generated by the interplay of endogenous and exogenous processes, whose reciprocal importance changes over times. The Italian relief reflects a high geomorphodiversity and an overview on iconic mountain landscapes, representative of the lithological-structural diversity of the Italian relief, is presented. The study cases, located along Alps and Apennines and in the Sardinia island, are exemplary for the comprehension of the role of the substratum in shaping mountain landscapes and of the deriving risk scenario. Moreover, mountain landscapes are characterized by a high potential for use in terms of: i) ideal open-air natural laboratories for multidisciplinary educational purposes including geological-geomorphological, historical and ecological topics; ii) possibility of specific outdoor activities that take advantage of outdoor sports (e.g., climbing, canyoning, speleology). These feasible and versatile opportunities favour the enhancement of such environments under different perspectives as well as the involvement of local communities and the socio-economic return deriving from mountain geoheritage management.

2018 - Malta and Sicily Joined by Geoheritage Enhancement and Geotourism within the Framework of Land Management and Development [Articolo su rivista]
Cappadonia, C.; Coratza, P.; Agnesi, V.; Soldati, M.
abstract

Malta and Sicily, which lie at the centre of the Mediterranean Sea, share a long history and have unique geological and geomorphological features which make them attractive destinations for geotourism. In the framework of an international research project, a study for the identification, selection and assessment of the rich geological heritage of Malta and Sicily was carried out, aiming to create a geosite network between these islands. Based on the experience and outputs achieved in previous investigations on geoheritage assessment carried out in various morpho-climatic contexts, an integrated methodology was applied for the selection, numerical assessment and ranking of geosites. The selection phase was based on three main criteria—scientific, additional and use values—and led to the establishment of a list of 42 geosites (20 in Malta and 22 in Sicily). Besides being spectacular and attractive for tourists, these sites represent the main geomorphological contexts and the various stages of regional morphogenesis of the study areas. The sites selected were assessed quantitatively and ranked according to management and tourism criteria. The results provide both the necessary basic knowledge for joint conservation actions and policies in Malta and Sicily and the elements for creating a link between Malta and Sicily through geoheritage appraisal and tourism development.

2018 - Rassegna di studi per la valorizzazione, promozione e fruizione in sicurezza della Riserva Naturale delle Salse di Nirano (Fiorano Modenese). [Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Castaldini, Doriano; Conventi, Marzia; Coratza, Paola
abstract

La Riserva Naturale Regionale delle Salse di Nirano è la prima riserva istituita in Regione Emilia Romagna nel 1982, dal 2004 è Sito di Importanza Comunitaria e dal 2016 geosito di rilevanza regionale. Le salse di Nirano rappresentano il fenomeno dei vulcani di fango più importante e meglio sviluppato dell'Italia intera. Da oltre una dozzina di anni l’Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia e l’Amministrazione di Fiorano collaborano per la realizzazione di studi e materiali per la valorizzazione, promozione e fruizione in sicurezza della Riserva. Tra essi si ricordano in particolare: i) la Carta Turistico-Ambientale del 2004 aggiornata nel 2011; ii) il Convegno e il CD – Rom realizzati per festeggiare il 25° anniversario della Riserva; iii) lo studio interdisciplinare per la comprensione e l'analisi dei meccanismi geologici del fenomeno delle salse anche ai fini della fruizione in sicurezza dell'area integrale del campo di Nirano.

2018 - The specificities of Geomorphological Heritage [Capitolo/Saggio]
Coratza, Paola; Hobléa, Fabien
abstract

The geomorphological heritage embraces landforms and processes play a key role in the understanding of the history of Earth, having a strict relationship with both the biological and the cultural heritage. Due to its specific characteristics – the aesthetic dimension, the dynamic dimension and the imbrication of scales – the geomorphological heritage is unique and distinctive within the geoheritage and has promoted great interest over time from a touristic viewpoint. Geomorphological heritage is more than ever in a position to become a significant sustainable territorial resource, enhanced through geotourism and environmental education. The specificities of the geomorphological heritage induce methods of study and practices themselves specific, adapted from classical geomorphology but borrowing from other related disciplines, essentially geographical. Thus, alongside cultural geomorphology and social geomorphology, a heritage geomorphology emerges, the main purposes of which are not only the characterization of the geomorphological heritage, but also methods of protection and management.

2018 - Tutela e valorizzazione di una risorsa per il territorio: la valle del Rio della Rocca (Appennino reggiano). [Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Bedetti, Martina; Coratza, Paola; Soldati, Mauro; Vandelli, Vittoria
abstract

Il contributo riguarda la progettazione di un Master Plan, in collaborazione con il Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche dell’Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), finalizzato alla riqualificazione della valle, attraverso la ricognizione e la valorizzazione del patrimonio geologico e naturalistico che la valle offre e dell’estesa rete sentieristica presente.

2017 - Geologia e Geomorfologia delle Salse di Nirano [Articolo su rivista]
Castaldini, Doriano; Coratza, Paola; Teresa De Nardo, Maria
abstract

Attraverso ricerche bibliografiche, fotointerpretazione di immagini telerilevate multiscalari e multitemporali e rilevamenti di dettaglio è stato condotto un approfondimento sull’evoluzione delle caratteristiche dei punti di emissione e dei depositi attivi delle Salse di Nirano. Sono stati inoltre raccolti e interpretati dati geologici del sottosuolo per la ricostruzione del modello geologico locale. Queste ricerche hanno portato all’elaborazione di una Carta geologico-geomorfologica alla scala 1:5000 dell’area delle Salse di Nirano. In essa, tra gli altri aspetti, sono indicati tutti i punti lutivomi distinti in coni e polle e gli allineamenti principali che caratterizzano le bocche lutivome e che corrispondono a sistemi di fratture utilizzati per la fuoriuscita dei fanghi mescolati a gas.

2017 - Goethe’s Italian Journey and the Geological Landscape [Capitolo/Saggio]
Coratza, Paola; Panizza, Mario
abstract

Over 220 years ago Johann Wolfgang von Goethe undertook a nearly two-years long and fascinating journey to Italy, a destination dreamed for a long time by the great German writer. During his journey from Alps to Sicily Goethe reflected on landscape, geology and morphology of "Il Bel Paese", sometimes providing detailed descriptions and acute observations concerning the great and enduring laws by which the earth and all within it are governed. In the present chapter an attempt is made to reproduce Goethe’s ante litteram geotourism itinerary through Italy, which is considered one of the most attractive tourist destination worldwide thanks to its rich cultural and natural heritage and the outstanding aesthetic qualities of its complex landscape.

2017 - Mud Volcanoes in the Emilia-Romagna Apennines: Small Landforms of Outstanding Scenic and Scientific Value [Capitolo/Saggio]
Coratza, Paola; Castaldini, Doriano
abstract

Mud volcanoes are emissions of cold mud due to the ascent to the surface of salty and muddy waters mixed with gaseous (methane) and, in minor part, fluid hydrocarbons (petroleum veils) along faults and fractures. In the Emilia-Romagna Apennines (Northern Italy) mud volcanoes are closely linked to the active tectonic compression associated with a thrust of regional importance. They are mostly cone-shaped and show variable geometry and size, ranging from one to few metres, and are located in 19 sites in the northwestern part of the Apennines. The mud volcanoes of the region have been known since a long time and have always aroused great interest due to their outstanding scenic value. In the past the mud volcano emissions have been used in many ways: the mud was applied for cosmetic use and the natural oil was much appreciated for its balsamic and purgative properties. In the last decades the mud volcanoes have represented a relevant tourist attractiveness.

2017 - Natural and anthropogenic agents in the present geomorphological dynamics of the Torrent Corlo mountain catchment (Northern Apennines, Italy) [Articolo su rivista]
Castaldini, Doriano; Coratza, Paola; Tosatti, Giovanni
abstract

The morphological changes affecting a small mountain catchment in the territory of Modena (Italy) have been taken into account. In particular, based on detailed field surveys and analysis of remote sensing imagery, an assessment was made on the natural and anthropogenic agents which have modelled this basin in the past 80 years. For several decades, the Torrent Corlo catchment was subject to intense exploitation of clay raw materials in order to supply a flourishing ceramic tile industry. As a result, a strong, negative impact has affected the landscape and, in some areas, the geomorphological evolution due to man’s activities greatly surpasses the changes ascribable to natural processes, such as landslides or stream channel processes. Since 2008, all quarrying activities have ceased and the local public administration has started a project of reclamation of the abandoned clay pits, although it will not be possible to restore completely the original, natural features of this catchment. A comparison is made with the sub-catchment Rio delle Vigne valley, which has been spared from anthropogenic changes and has been affected only by natural gravity-induced processes, which have produced some twelve landslides. The final products of this research are the implementation of the first geomorphological map of the T. Corlo mountain catchment and an updated version of the hydrological hazard map, in which active and dormant landslides are much more numerous than those mapped in any other previous geological map (s.l.). These documents can be utilized for any intervention by public boards aiming at recuperating and improving this intensely exploited area.

2017 - Tutela e valorizzazione di una risorsa per il territorio: la valle del Rio della Rocca (Appennino reggiano) [Articolo su rivista]
Coratza, Paola; Soldati, Mauro; Vandelli, Vittoria
abstract

Conservation and improvement of a natural territorial resource: the valley of Rio della Rocca (Italy). The quarrying activities carried out since the 1950s have deeply modified the lower-middle sector of the Rio della Rocca valley in the municipality of Castellarano (Reggio Emilia Apennines, Italy). The great value of the natural elements is, however, accompanied by environmental degradation, mainly due to abandoned quarries. Interventions aimed at territorial upgrading for the purpose of recreation and tourism had to be devised, taking into account the different naturalistic aspects of the area including its geological features. In order to define suitable strategies and actions, an analysis of territorial restrictions and opportunities was necessary. For this purpose, a detailed review of current legislation was carried out, with particular regard to the provisions stated by the management tools of “Natura 2000 Network”, in which the Rio della Rocca catchment is included as a Site of Community Importance. Among the territorial resources of the area, the scenic value and the exemplarity of its geological heritage are an opportunity to carry out territorial upgrading by assigning the valley to qualified geotourism activities. The sites of most considerable geological interest have therefore been selected, in order to establish preliminary requalification and conservation measures.

2017 - Urban Geomorphological Heritage. An Overview [Articolo su rivista]
Reynard, Emmanuel; Pica, Alessia; Coratza, Paola
abstract

Urbanization is a global phenomenon and currently more than half of the world's population lives in urban areas. Studies on geomorphological heritage and the development of specific methods of investigation (assessment, inventories, cartography) are, however, relatively rare and limited. This paper first describes the relationships between urbanization and geomorphology. Secondly, it presents an overview of the main works on the urban geomorphological heritage. Then, the main methods of investigation are presented. Finally, we discuss the challenging issues concerning the protection and the promotion of the urban geomorphological heritage.

2016 - Bridging natural and cultural values of sites with outstanding scenery: evidence from Gozo, Maltese Islands [Articolo su rivista]
Coratza, Paola; Gauci, R.; Schembri, J.; Soldati, Mauro; Tonelli, Chiara
abstract

The paper focuses on a site of outstanding scenery located along the NW coast of the Island of Gozo (Malta), which was included in the Malta's UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List in 1998 on the basis of the four criteria related to natural properties. The aim of the study is to bridge scientific and cultural values of the Dwejra area by examining in particular its geological and geomorphological features, which have been fundamental in shaping such a spectacular scenery and determining its historical and cultural importance. The coast of the Maltese Islands, with a series of occupiers over the last ten millennia, has led to the development of a high density of coastal uses. Such uses superimpose on both a diverse range of aesthetic natural qualities and also different cultural properties that have changed over time. Sinkholes were a source of shelter on rectilinear coasts and are now areas that attract visitors due to their outstanding natural beauty. Low sloping limestone coast provided an ideal geological setting for salt panning production, whereas today these are main areas for recreational activities. Along the years, the investigated area has however suffered the pressure of diverse human activities, often leading to conflicting interests and resultant landscape damage. As a result, geo-conservation aspects of this site have often been at the centre of national debates. In the light of these issues, this work aims at providing a better understanding of the geological and geomorphological value of the Dwejra area, in order to strengthen the basis for the setting up of sustainable geo-conservation plan, which includes geotourism issues.

2016 - Current Research on Geomorphosites [Articolo su rivista]
Reynard, Emmanuel; Coratza, Paola; Hobléa, Fabien
abstract

Geomorphosites are landforms of special interest for society. Their recognition as such by increasingly larger sectors—including political, educational, tourism and nature conservation— is the result of a process of ‘heritage making’ in which different groups (Earth scientists, conservationists, tourism providers, etc.) are involved. The recognition of geological structures and geomorphological landforms as heritage, however, is relatively ancient (Reynard et al. 2011a), but over the last 20 years, or so, this view has been influenced by a renewed interest in Earth sciences sites led mainly by geoscientists. This new development necessitates conceptual and methodological improvements in various domains of the Earth sciences. In the field of geomorphology, it is the Working Group on Geomorphosites created by the International Association of Geomorphologists (IAG) at the 5th International Conference on Geomorphology held in Tokyo in 2001 that has acted as the principal arena for the development of a specific field of research on geomorphological heritage within the community of geomorphologists (for a review of the scientific production of the Working Group’s members, see Reynard and Coratza 2013).

2016 - Distribuzione spaziale della popolazione di Puccinellia fasciculata (Torr.) Bicknell nelle Salse di Nirano (SIC IT 4040007) [Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Dallai, Daniele; Rebecchi, Christian; Buldrini, Fabrizio; Pezzi, Giovanna; Cuni, Italo; Castaldini, Doriano; Santagata, Tommaso; Camorani, Marco; Coratza, Paola; Teresa De Nardo, Maria; Conventi, Marzia
abstract

Le Salse di Nirano sono uno degli esempi piú completi in Emilia-Romagna di consociazione floristica mioalofila, in cui le diverse specie hanno una tipica disposizione ad anelli concentrici sulle pendici dei coni: qui si trova la maggiore delle 3 popolazioni d’entroterra di Puccinellia fasciculata note in Italia, esclusive dell’Emilia-Romagna e ascritte all’habitat 1340*. L’area a tutela integrale, non piú soggetta a pressione antropica, si caratterizza per una progressiva ripresa della vegetazione boschiva spontanea, che sul lungo periodo può influire su assetto spaziale e consistenza della popolazione, perciò è stato avviato un progetto che prevede controlli annuali della superficie occupata dalla specie. I primi rilievi, eseguiti nel 2015 e 2016, hanno rivelato oscillazioni anche notevoli nell’estensione degli anelli di vegetazione alofila, sia fra coni diversi, sia entro lo stesso cono, per lo piú legate a spostamenti delle colate di fango, intensità e frequenza delle eruzioni; l’estensione dell’habitat 1340*, inoltre, è assai minore rispetto a quanto stimato in precedenza. La prosecuzione delle indagini qui presentate e verifiche piú approfondite con strumenti ad alta definizione consentiranno di comprendere meglio la relazione fra dinamismo geomorfologico dei coni e distribuzione spaziale delle alofite.

2016 - The importance of mountain geomorphosites for environmental education: Examples from the Italian dolomites and the swiss alps [Articolo su rivista]
Reynard, Emmanuel; Coratza, Paola
abstract

Because of their specific physical characteristics (altitude, slopes, orientations, climate), mountain environments have an important natural diversity. In particular, their geodiversity is generally much larger than in the lowlands, and because mountain geosites are often very aesthetic, mountain areas present a great potential for geoheritage, geoconservation and geotourism studies. This paper reviews six reasons why this potential is high and concludes that mountain areas are particularly interesting to develop educational programs on three current environmental issues: climate change; natural hazards; and human impacts on particularly sensitive geomorphological environments. The paper reviews then the principal researches in the field of geoheritage currently carried out on these three topics and presents two case studies in the Italian and Swiss Alps.

2015 - Directions in geoheritage studies: Suggestions from the Italian geomorphological community [Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Bollati, Irene; Coratza, Paola; Giardino, Marco; Laureti, Lamberto; Leonelli, Giovanni; Panizza, Mario; Panizza, Valeria; Pelfini, Manuela; Piacente, Sandra; Pica, Alessia; Russo, Filippo; Zerboni, Andrea
abstract

In recent years, more and more attention has been focused on geological and geomorphological heritage. This has led to several investigations within the framework of conservation projects, both at administrative and scientific levels, involving national and international research groups whose purposes are the promotion of Earth Sciences knowledge and the conservation of geological heritage. This paper presents an overview of research and conservation projects in Italy, focusing mainly on geomorphological heritage. Members of the AIGeo Working Group on “Geomorphosites and cultural landscape” analysed the historical development of these research projects in order to identify possible innovation strategies to improve the awareness and knowledge of geodiversity and geoheritage of a wider public.

2015 - Geotourism initiatives: some examples from Modena Apennines (northern Italy) [Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Coratza, Paola; Castaldini, Doriano
abstract

This paper discuss and present a critical overview of some products in the field of geotourism elaborated in recent time in different geological context in Modena Apennines (northern Italy), highlighting strengths and gaps, and also taking into account the target of visitors they are addressed to.

2014 - Geositi nel paesaggio mediterraneo: confronto tra aree costiere maltesi e siciliane [Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Agnesi, Valerio; Angileri Silvia, Eleonora; Cappadonia, Chiara; Coratza, Paola; Costanzo, Dario; Soldati, Mauro; Tonelli, Chiara
abstract

Le isole maltesi mostrano aspetti geologici, geomorfologici e ambientali comparabili con quelli siciliani che danno luogo alla presenza di elementi paesaggistici ad elevata potenzialità turistica, ad oggi non sufficientemente valorizzati. Nell’ambito di un progetto di ricerca internazionale volto alla realizzazione di reti ecologiche transfrontaliere Malta-Sicilia (RE.MA.SI.), sono stati condotti studi sulla valorizzazione, divulgazione e corretta fruizione del patrimonio geologico di alcuni territori di queste due isole. Vengono qui presentati i risultati preliminari che hanno portato all'identificazione e valorizzazione di geositi di interesse geomorfologico, le cui caratteristiche sono state analizzate qualitativamente e quantitativamente, tramite l’applicazione di metodologie già sperimentate a livello internazionale e basate sulla stima del loro valore scientifico, addizionale e di fruibilità. Sono state analizzate principalmente forme di rilevante interesse scientifico, didattico e paesaggistico, quali morfotipi costieri, evidenze morfologiche di processi gravitativi e di erosione idrica e forme carsiche.

2013 - Human impact in the Apennine area of the Municipality of Fiorano Modenese (Northern Italy). [Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Castaldini, Doriano; Coratza, Paola; Liberatoscioli, Elena; Tosatti, Giovanni
abstract

Morphological, man-induced landscape changes, occurring from the mid-20th century to date in an area located in the western sector of the Modena Apennine margin, have been investigated. The study area has elevations ranging from about 100 to about 400 m a.s.l. From a lithological standpoint, only marine silt-clay soil types (Plio-Pleistocene in age) are exposed. The area belongs to the Municipality of Fiorano Modenese which lies in the ceramic district where hundreds of factories were built after World War 2 for the production of ceramic tiles. The materials utilized are taken from soil pits dug in the clays cropping out in the Northern Apennines. The most evident natural morphological features to be observed on the slopes are badland landforms, slide and earth flow-type landslides. This research was carried out according to traditional survey as well as digital processing methods on maps and aerial photographs. It led to the elaboration of schematic geomorphological maps related to changes occurried from 1954 to 2012. Soil excavation began in an improvised, makeshift way in the 1930s. By the 1960s, though, excavation was carried out in a more organized, industrial way. The place with the most evident human impact is the Torrent Corlo valley, but several other soil pits are found. In the study area the exploitation of clayey soil for the ceramic industry ceased completely in 2008. As concerns the hydrographic features, tens of small artificial ponds were excavated in the 1960s for irrigation purposes as well as for quarrying activities. Since the 1990s, though, they have lost their function and are now abandoned. As a consequence, many of them evolved in a natural way: some have turned into swamps whereas others have been filled by palustrine deposits. Finally, the role played by man as a morphogenetic agent and the impact of anthropogenic activities on the natural landscape evolution are highlighted.

2013 - Scientific research on geomorphosites. A review of the activities of the IAG working group on geomorphosites over the last twelve years. [Articolo su rivista]
Reynard, E.; Coratza, Paola
abstract

During the last two decades a renewed interest emerged in the scientific community for geoheritage, geoconservation and geotourism research. This was the reason for the International Association of Geomorphologists (IAG) for creating a specific working group (WG) on geomorphosites, that is the geomorphological part of geoheritage, in 2001. This paper reviews the main improvements made in the field of geomorphosite research during the period 2001-2012. A first domain of research concerned conceptual studies, in particular the definition of geomorphosites and the question of their value, as well as the links between geomorphological heritage and geodiversity. Some members of the WG also developed specific methods to assess geomorphosites and proposed guidelines for their mapping and the realisation of geoproducts. The work carried out during the last decade allows us to propose new perspectives, in particular on scale issues, the relationships between geoheritage and geodiversity assessment, the elaboration of guides of practices, and the integration with other disciplines (social and educational sciences, computer sciences, process geomorphology).

2013 - Soils sampling planning in traceability studies by means of experimental design approaches [Articolo su rivista]
Totaro, Sara; Coratza, Paola; Durante, Caterina; Foca, Giorgia; LI VIGNI, Mario; Marchetti, Andrea; Marchetti, Mauro; Cocchi, Marina
abstract

The present research is part of a project dealing with the development of analytical methodologies mainly based on primary indicators, such as isotopic ratio of radiogenic elements, for theauthenticity and geographical traceability of oenological food, typical of the Modena district. In particular, considering the objective of establishing a food-territory link by means of these analytical indicators, it is straightforward how the representativeness of sampling for both food and soils, covers a primary role in the robustness of the traceability models. With the aim of building traceability models for oenological matrices, the issue of selecting a set of representative, informative and different soil samples is tackled. In this case, the goal is not obtaining a set of soil samples uniformly spanning the territory to be investigated, since the planning of a punctual sampling extended in the whole district of Modena is not feasible considering the total number of samples affordable by the study, but rather to choose a representative set of vineyards were to locate the soil samples. Thus, all the vineyard-registered producers of the district of Modena were considered and different variables (geological features of the soils, winegrowing coverage, grapes varieties, yearly productions of the farms, etc.) were handled with Experimental Design (DoE) techniques in order to simultaneously taking into account the different kinds of information for achieving a sustainable and rational site sampling. In particular, D-Optimal Onion design was chosen since it is widely used for mapping and planning purposes, hence it consents to achieve the maximum coverage and uniformity of the selected samples in the whole domain. An efficient mapping of geographical region has been obtained ensuring coverage of farms characterized by main grape production and insisting on soils with different geological features.

2013 - The appraisal of geoheritage through different approaches: the lesson from the Salse di Nirano Nature Reserve (Italy) [Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Castaldini, Doriano; M., Conventi; Coratza, Paola; E., Liberatoscioli
abstract

The Regional Nature Reserve of Salse di Nirano is located in the low hills of the Northern Apennines, about 30 kilometres south of the city of Modena. The Reserve was established in 1982 and its characteristic features are mud volcanoes, locally called “Salse”. They are emissions of cold mud up to the surface through faults and fractures, due to the ascent of salty and muddy water mainly mixed with gaseous (methane) and secondarily with fluid (petroleum veils) hydrocarbons. Depending on the density of the mud, these emissions can form either cones or pools at ground level. Since its establishment, the Reserve has promoted initiatives to appraise the area from the tourism viewpoint, welcoming individual visitors and school groups with a full programme of activities. In the last decade, visitors have increased from 30,000 to 70,000 per year. The numerous facilities – excursion and educational footpaths with panels, equipped trails (one for the disabled), two visitor centres – make the area accessible to all, supporting environmental education initiatives. A good variety of educational and information materials regarding the Nirano mud volcanoes and the territory of the Reserve has been published in the last decade, representing a successful example of environmental and tourism appraisal and improvement. Among the most recent products, particularly worthy of note are geotourism and tourism-environmental maps, books in hard copy and digital format, videos, virtual flights, multimedia and audio CDs. In the present study a critical overview of all the products elaborated in recent time is presented, highlighting strengths and gaps, and also taking into account the target of visitors they are addressed to.

2012 - 28. Geomorphosites and Natural Hazards: Teaching the Importance of Geomorphology in Society. [Articolo su rivista]
Coratza, Paola; J., De Waele
abstract

Geomorphosites and geological landscapes areamong the most important tourist attractions of rural andmountain areas. In the past decades, especially thanks toseveral research and cultural projects on geological heritage,many regional and local authorities have started inventoryingand publicising their landscapes and sites of geological andgeomorphological interest publishing booklets, geotouristicmaps and equipping their territories with explanatory panels.Nevertheless, geology and geomorphology are able to occupythe head titles of the major newspapers or make the breakingnews on TV channels only when natural hazards hit thepopulation. Making the processes that shape the morphologiesat the Earth’s surface understandable to a wider public andhelping people to “read” the wide variety of signs and remnantsof recent or remote natural disasters might help to retainsociety’s memory of these phenomena and therefore minimisehuman and material losses. The geomorphological scars in thelandscape that remind, if adequately interpreted, past naturaland or human-induced disasters are ideal spots for geoenvironmentaleducation and should therefore be the subjectof a scientific programme able to exploit their didactic value.This paper reports some interesting examples of such sites inItaly.

2012 - Evoluzione morfologica delle aree estrattive nel territorio di Fiorano Modenese (MO) [Articolo su rivista]
Castaldini, Doriano; Tosatti, Giovanni; Coratza, Paola; Cameroni, A.
abstract

Il lavoro ha per oggetto lo studio dell’evoluzione morfologica delle aree estrattive finalizzate, al reperimento di argille per ceramica e limi argillosi per laterizi, nel comune di Fiorano Modenese (provincia di Modena). La ricerca ha condotto all’elaborazione di un inventario delle aree estrattive costituito da schede contenenti le caratteristiche delle singole aree di cava e relative carte geomorfologiche a scala 1: 5.000 per intervalli di tempo di circa 20 anni (dal 1954 al 2013). I cambiamenti ambientali e paesaggistici indotti da tali attività antropiche, che hanno determinato un forte impatto negativo sul territorio, sono stati analizzati tramite documentazione cartografica, immagini telerilevate e rilevamenti sul terreno. Delle tredici aree estrattive individuate, sette risultano essere cave di versante e sei cave a fossa. Lo studio ha permesso di aggiornare la situazione dell’attività estrattiva nel comune di Fiorano in termini di condizioni e stato di fatto delle cave tutte dismesse. I dati ottenuti costituiscono la base di partenza per indirizzare al recupero delle aree di cava esaurite tramite interventi di riqualificazione ambientale.

2012 - Geomorphological features of the Rio della Rocca Valley (northern Apennines, Italy) [Articolo su rivista]
Bruschi, V. M.; Coratza, Paola; Piacentini, Daniela; Soldati, Mauro
abstract

This paper shows the contents of the geomorphological map of the Rio della Rocca valley, a small catchment located in the lower Apennines of the Province of Reggio Emilia (northern Italy). The geomorphological map has been produced at a scale 1:7500 as a base document within multidisciplinary investigations aiming at the rehabilitation of the area, which is characterised by peculiar geological and geomorphological features and a high scenic value, despite clear evidence of human impact. Since the mid-1950s the valley has, in fact, been affected by quarrying activities which in some places have deeply changed its environmental and, in particular, geomorphological features. As a part of the research, geomorphological survey and mapping were carried out in order to detect the main slope instability and erosional processes and landforms and, at the same time, to recognise sites of geological and geomorphological interest. As a result, proposals of territorial upgrading have been developed which take into account geotourism and recreational issues.

2012 - Recognition and assessment of sinkholes as geosites: lessons from the Island of Gozo (Malta) [Articolo su rivista]
Coratza, Paola; Galve, J. P.; Soldati, Mauro; Tonelli, Chiara
abstract

There is a wide literature on sinkhole or doline classification, formation and evolution. However, despite the fact that they are often characterised by spectacular morphological features, sinkholes are not normally described as geological resources which might be valuable for the society and worth of being promoted for their geomorphological importance. A series of sinkholes have been investigated in the Island of Gozo (Malta), some of which of notable size and high aesthetic interest. These sinkholes have been assessed applying a methodology which has been specifically set up with the aim of verifying whether any of them could be considered as geosites according to their scientific, additional (ecological, aesthetic, cultural) and use values. The paper shows the geosite assessment procedure and discusses its outputs, according to which 6 out of the 17 investigated sinkholes can be considered as geosites of geomorphological interest (geomorphosites). Finally, issues related to their enhancement and fruition are taken into account in the frame of potential geotourism strategies.

2012 - Soil excavation as the main morphogenetic agent in the Torrent Corlo Valley (Northern Apennines, Italy) [Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Castaldini, Doriano; Coratza, Paola; Liberatoscioli, E.; Tosatti, Giovanni
abstract

This work deals with morphological changes in the landscape of the valley of the Torrent Corlo from the mid-20th century to date caused by soil excavations. The study was carried out according to the traditional methods used in geomorphology as well as digital processing methods on maps and aerial photographs. The digital data available have been overlaid and compared using GIS software also by means of 3D elaborations in order to better appreciate the morphological features. The main stages of the evolutional trend determined by soil excavation are described and mapped. Finally, a detailed assessment is made of the fundamental role played by excavation activity as a morphogenetic agent of the T. Corlo Valley as well as its impact on the natural evolution of the landscape.

2011 - Carta Turistico - Ambientale della Riserva Naturale Regionale delle Salse di Nirano [Cartografia]
Castaldini, Doriano; Conventi, M.; Coratza, Paola; Dallai, Daniele; Liberatoscioli, E.; Sala, Luigi; Buldrini, Fabrizio
abstract

La Carta Turistico-Ambientale della Riserva Naturale delle Salse di Nirano è una carta tematica, pieghevole, stampata fronte/retro, con note illustrative sintetiche in italiano ed in inglese. Gli elementi caratterizzanti della Carta Turistico-Ambientale sono una Carta Geoturistica, che coniuga la rappresentazione dei più evidenti aspetti geologici e geomorfologici (rocce affioranti, idrografia, salse a cono e salse a polla, calanchi, frane, elementi dell’antropizzazione, ecc..) con le indicazioni turistiche fondamentali (percorsi escursionistici e didattici, Centro Visite ed Ecomuseo, parcheggi, luoghi di ristoro e/o pernottamento, aree di sosta attrezzata, ecc.) e una immagine 3 D della Riserva, ottenuta dal Modello Digitale del Terreno rivestito con Ortofoto Digitali, per rendere evidente la morfologia del territorio.Le note illustrative riguardano la Carta Geoturistica, il Fenomeno delle salse (vulcani di fango) e la Riserva Naturale, l’Immagine 3D della Riserva, Flora e vegetazione, Fauna, Il Centro Visite e l’Ecomuseo, le Attrazioni turistiche dei dintorni ed altre informazioni di carattere logistico.

2011 - Elaborazioni GIS 3D per la lettura del territorio:un esempio per la Riserva Naturale delle Salse di Nirano(Appennino Modenese) [Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Liberatoscioli, E.; Castaldini, Doriano; Conventi, M.; Coratza, Paola
abstract

The Regional Natural Reserve of Salse di Nirano is located in the low hill territory of the Modena Apennine, about 30 kilometers from Modena. The Reserve, visited yearly by about 50,000 people,was established in 1982 and its characteristic element are the so-called “Salse”. They are emissions of cold mud up to the surface through faults and fractures, due to the ascent of salty andmuddy water mixed mainly with gaseous (methane) and secondly with fluid hydrocarbons (petroleum veils). Depending on the density of the mud, at the surface it can be observed cones or pools at ground level. The products described below have been made for the promotion and the enhancement of the Reserve. The first consists of a three dimensional image, obtained from the 5 m DTM of the Emilia Romagna Region texturized with the Agea 2008 Digital Orthophoto, in order to let even non-experts to appreciate the particular morphology of the valley where the Salse are located and of the surrounding badlands. The image was published in the Tourist-EnvironmentalMap of the Regional Natural Reserve of Salse di Nirano characterized also by a Geotourist map that combines the most evident geological and geomorphological aspects with basic tourist information. In addition, it was made a short video based on scenes of a virtual flight on the territory of the Reserve (fly-through) obtained by using ESRI ArcScene, properly assembled and enriched with descriptive and didactical elements that highlight the mainly geomorphologicalaspects of the area. Everything has been completed with the toponyms and some pictures of the most distinctive or interesting subjects (the mud ejection points, the badlands, the Reserve’sfacilities, etc..). The video will be available at the Visitor Centre, at the Ecomuseum headquarters and on the Internet with the aim to "accompany" visitors in an engaging virtual guided tour to theprotected area, facilitating the understanding of the landscape.

2011 - Geomorphosites and Geotourism [Articolo su rivista]
Reynard, Emmanuel; Coratza, Paola; Giusti, Christian
abstract

This issue of Geoheritage comprises nine papers presented at the international symposium “Geomorphosites 2009: Raising the Profile of Geomorphological Heritage through Iconography, Inventory and Promotion” (held in Paris in June 2009) and at the IAG International Conference on Geomorphology in Melbourne (July 2009) (session “Geomorphosites and Geotourism”). The papers focus on two issues, namely, the assessment and mapping of geomorphological heritage and the management of geomorphosites within the geotourism framework.

2011 - La “Nuova” Carta Turistico - Ambientale della Riserva Naturale Regionale delle Salse di Nirano (Appennino Modenese, Italia Settentrionale) [Articolo su rivista]
Castaldini, Doriano; Conventi, M.; Coratza, Paola; Liberatoscioli, E.; Dallai, Daniele; Sala, Luigi; Buldrini, F.
abstract

Riassunto La Riserva Naturale Regionale delle Salse di Nirano, visitata annualmente da circa 50.000 persone, ricade in un territorio di bassa collina (quote fra i 140 e i 308 m) al margine dell'Appennino modenese a circa 30 km da Modena. Le salse sono delle emissioni di fango freddo prodotte dalla risalita in superficie di acqua salata e fangosa frammista ad idrocarburi principalmente gassosi (metano) ed, in piccola parte, liquidi (petrolio) lungo faglie e fratture del terreno. La nuova Carta Turistico-Ambientale è una carta pieghevole, tascabile, stampata fronte/retro, con note illustrative sintetiche in italiano e in inglese, i cui elementi caratterizzanti sono una Carta Geoturistica e un'immagine ad effetto 3D del territorio della Riserva realizzati in ambiente ESRI ArcGIS. La Carta Geoturistica coniuga la rappresentazione dei più evidenti aspetti geomorfologici che possono essere osservati e riconosciuti anche da persone non esperte con l'indicazione delle informazioni turistiche fondamentali. L'immagine tridimensionale, elaborata sovrapponendo ortofoto aeree al modello digitale del terreno, permette di apprezzare la morfologia della Riserva e delle aree circostanti. Gli altri contenuti della Carta Tu ristico-Ambientale sono: i) testi esplicativi che descrivono, oltre ai prodotti appena citati, la riserva e il fenomeno delle salse, i percorsi escursionistici e didattici, fauna, flora e vegetazione, il Centro visite Cà Tassi e l'Ecomuseo Cà Rossa; ii) fotografie degli aspetti ambientali più significativi; iii) informazioni logistiche sul Centro Visite Cà Tassi, l'Ecomuseo Cà Rossa e sui punti di ristoro ed alloggio; iv) indicazioni sintetiche sulle attrattive turistiche dei dintorni. Si tratta di una "nuovo" documento turistico in quanto una precedente Carta Turistico-Ambientale è stata pubblicata all'inizio del 2004 e la realizzazione di una nuova Carta si è resa necessaria in quanto negli ultimi anni la Riserva è stata soggetta a diversi cambiamenti sia nel paesaggio che nelle strutture. La Carta Turistico-Ambientale testimonia come la ricerca scientifica possa efficacemente contribuire alla realizzazione di documenti per il settore del Turismo.

2011 - Recognition and Assessment of Geomorphosites in Malta at the Il-Majjistral Nature and History Park [Articolo su rivista]
Coratza, Paola; V. M., Bruschi; Piacentini, Daniela; D., Saliba; Soldati, Mauro
abstract

The Il-Majjistral Nature and History Park, located on the northwestern coast of the Island of Malta, is a protected area with natural, cultural and tourist interests. The Park, which was registered in 2008, is characterised by a landscape dominated by limestone and clay. Geomorphological features are highly controlled by the presence of faults and rock masses characterised by different physical and mechanical properties. Coastal cliffs, bays and sandy beaches are the most outstanding geomorphological features of the Park, creating a breathtaking landscape which is an attraction for a number of visitors. In the framework of an international research project, a study for the identification, selection and enhancement of the rich geomorphological heritage of the area has been carried out. In particular, a recognition and a quantitative assessment of geomorphosites on the basis of two different methodologies has been developed, and the results have been compared to establish the reliability of the methodologies. The results represent the first step and the necessary basic knowledge for possible enhancement of geomorphosites in Malta and the promotion of tourism activities at the Il-Majjistral Nature and History Park through the auspices of environmental agencies.

2011 - Some examples in the field of Geotourism in Emilia Romagna, Marche and Abruzzo Regions (Northern-Central Italy) [Articolo su rivista]
Piacentini, T.; Castaldini, Doriano; Coratza, Paola; Farabollini, P.; Miccadei, E.
abstract

2011 - Valutazione dei geomorfositi del Majjistral Nature and Historic Park (Malta): due metodologie a confronto. [Articolo su rivista]
V. M., Bruschi; Coratza, Paola; Piacentini, Daniela; D., Saliba; Soldati, Mauro
abstract

Il-Majjistral Nature and History Park, located in the north-west coast of the Island of Malta, is a protected area with natural, cultural and tourist interests. The Park, which was registered in 2008, is characterised by a landscape dominated by limestones and clays. Geomorphological features are highly controlled by the presence of faults and rock masses characterised by different physical and mechanical properties. Coastal cliffs, bays and sandy beaches are the most outstanding geomorphological features of the Park, creating a breathtaking landscape which is an attraction for a number of visitors.In the framework of an international research project, a study for the identification, selection and enhancement of the rich geomorphological heritage of the area has been carried out. In particular, the quantitative assessment of geomorphosites on the basis of two different methodologies has been developed and the results have been compared to establish the reliability of the methodologies. The identification and the quantitative assessment of geomorphosites represent the first step and a necessary basic knowledge for their possible enhancement and the promotion of tourism activities at Il-Majjistral Nature and History Park which can be carried out by environmental agencies.

2010 - Propuesta de una metodología para el análisis de la evolución temporal de laderas mediante el uso de fotogrametría digital [Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
A., González Díez; V., Bruschi; J., Bonachea; J., Remondo; Soldati, Mauro; A., Pasuto; M., Mantovani; Piacentini, Daniela; Devoto, Stefano; Coratza, Paola
abstract

A methodological approach for the analysis of the temporal evolution of costal areas affected by landslide processes is presented, which is based on the comparison between digital elevation models. These models have been obtained by means of photogrammetric techniques and survey data measured by GPS. The proposal has been applied in cliff areas located in the Northwest of the Malta Island, using frames from a recent flight (2004) and another historic (1957) without supporting information. The results have identified the main changes developed in the relief and the role of landslides in the coastal evolution of the island.

2010 - Some examples in the field of Geotourism in Emilia Romagna, Marche and Abruzzo Regions (Northern-Central Italy) [Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
T., Piacentini; Castaldini, Doriano; Coratza, Paola; P., Farabollini; E., Miccadei
abstract

Italy is a country with a rich natural heritage that is having difficulty in finding the right areas for acquiring knowledge, protection and improvement. In particular, the geological component of the landscape has not yet acquired a sufficient value as a cultural asset which people can learn about and share. Within the Italian territory geotourism activities and products are recently widespread. In this work examples of activities on geotourism in Emilia Romagna, Marche and Abruzzo regions are described. They are focused particularly on: analysis and enhancement of protected areas and geosites; geotourist and tourist-environmental maps; geological itineraries; portable and on-site geological illustrative materials.The described examples illustrate the documents implemented for the enhancement of the geological (s.l.) landscapes, at different spatial (from regional to local) and temporal (from Trias to Holocene and present) scales. This is focused on developing the sensitivity of people to read in the landscape long term temporal scales processes, that lead to the present landscape of a region, as well as short term temporal scale processes characterising the resource management or the local geological and geomorphological risks.The examples include activities at regional and institutional level, as well as at university level, in same cases in collaboration with upper school institutions. They also include activities developed specifically for tourism at local and regional scale or private initiatives, within the Park areas or within the Italian Association for Geology and Tourism. Besides the several possible approach to geological heritage enhancement, they show a different development level of geotourism in Italy. Indeed, only a wide interregional tourism network integrating initiatives targeted at various potential users and connecting universities, local and regional institutions, Parks and local reserves, schools, private initiatives etc., can lead to reach the goal in term of educational dissemination of geological and geomorphological themes, awareness of the complex meaning of the landscape. The integrated approach to the discovery of geological heritage - as presented in this work - through various tools and activities and targeted at various potential users can be summarised by quoting a famous statement by Marcel Proust: “the real voyage of discovery is not in seeking new landscapes but in having new eyes”.

2009 - Geodiversity and geotourism as a challenge between scientific culture of geological landscape and new opportunity of works [Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Castaldini, Doriano; Coratza, Paola; Farabollini, P.; Miccadei, E.
abstract

The geological and geomorphological landscape of Italy represent a beautiful example of variety and complexity of processes and phenomena that characterize and make unique the whole national territory.The coexistence of tracks of an evolutionary history still active in study and definition, has made many Italian region (among which Emilia Romagna, Marche and Abruzzi regions), a world fame gym for geologists and geomorphologists.The complex palaeogeographies of the past find their expression in the main ridges of these regions whose rocky cliffs allow the researchers imaginary trips through ancient tropical heavens with lagoons, coral atolls and deep seas. Valleys of glacial origin, alluvial fans, terraced deposits, soils and palaeosoils preserve the memory of "past worlds". The landscape itself, now rough and steep in the chain area, decreasing gradually in the piedmont, now smooth in the hilly reliefs up to the alluvial and coastal lowlands, is a witness of the different morphological processes that have modelled the territory in the Quaternary age and which are acting today under different climatic conditions.The geological-geomorphological informations become the starting point to discover how the natural environment influences the social and economic development of the different populations, the specialization of arts and works, the installation of peculiar commercial and industrial activities.Thus the territory goes out of the "classical" role of simple scenery of the human history and becomes integral part of the different cultures that develop in it and that interact with it.The growth of interest in the geological and geomorphological thematic of the territory is bringing about the maturation of a strong sensibilities toward a geologic tourism both from the institutions and the private citizens.All these activities can represent job opportunities in the field of tourism for the graduates in Geological and Natural Sciences and in Cultural Heritages.

2009 - Geology and Tourism in Italy: a challenge between scientific culture and new opportunity of works [Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Farabollini, P.; Castaldini, Doriano; Coratza, Paola; Miccadei, E.
abstract

The geological and geomorphological landscape of Italy represent a beautiful example of variety and complexity of processes and phenomena that characterize and make unique the whole national territory.The growth of interest in the geological and geomorphological thematic of the territory is bringing about the maturation of a strong sensibilities toward a geologic tourism bothfrom the institutions and the private citizens. All these activities can represent job opportunities in the field of tourism for the graduates in Geological and Natural Sciences and in Cultural Heritages.

2009 - Geomorphosites [Monografia/Trattato scientifico]
E., Reynard; Coratza, Paola; G., Regolini Bissig
abstract

This book proposes, therefore, a synthesis of the research on geomorphological heritage, both at the conceptual and methodological level. The results presented here are based on numerous studies carried out by various researchers in different contexts (academic research, environmental impact assessment, conservation, geotourism) and countries. They do not aim at giving an exhaustive overview of the geoheritage issues, but we hope that they will be useful for both students and researchers dealing with geomorphosites.

2009 - Il Patrimonio geomorfologico come risorsa per un turismo sostenibile [Monografia/Trattato scientifico]
Coratza, Paola; Panizza, Mario
abstract

In questo particolare momento storico-sociale, in cui si assiste a una riqualificazione del turismo attraverso una maggiore attenzione verso gli aspetti culturali e tra questi quelli di tipo naturalistico e in particolare geologico, emerge la necessità di predisporre strumenti e suggerire strategie per una corretta e consapevole fruizione, anche in chiave culturale, dei siti geomorfologici: questi si stanno affermando come elemento di forte presa, non solo visiva ed estetica, ma anche propulsore e/o aggregante di altri parametri ambientali. In particolare la componente geologica e geomorfologica del paesaggio non ha ancora assunto il valore di bene culturale conosciuto e condiviso, da qui la necessità di trovare e sperimentare nuove strade e strategie di offerte e sensibilizzazione, non solo e non tanto del mondo scientifico e delle istituzioni, quanto piuttosto della società in generale. E' questa una nuova chiave per presentare un volto più attraente della Geologia, non solo quello "severo" legato agli aspetti della pericolosità e del rischio, pur tuttavia importante per la tutela del frequentatore, ma anche quello "dolce" fatto anche di diversità attrattive, di storia e di godimento visivo ed emotivo. Il concetto di Geodiversità recentemente introdotto, ma già acquisito nel mondo scientifico, può offrire spunti, nuovi stimoli e sollecitazioni alla ricerca per un approfondimento ed un inquadramento sistematico sia a fini scientifici, che pratici ed applicativi per la conoscenza, la tutela e la gestione del territorio. La Geodiversità, infatti, che vede nella molteplicità degli ambienti geologici la base della varietà del paesaggio e della vita sulla Terra, è un concetto che si assimila e si collega con le comunità biologiche e che si integra con le strutture sociali e culturali, che vivono ed operano nel territorio. I Siti geologici e geomorfologici in particolare rappresentano, in modo emblematico, la Geodiversità che caratterizza i differenti paesaggi. È importante prendere in considerazione anche i problemi di impatto per l’integrità dei siti, connessi ad una frequentazione turistica indiscriminata, nonché quelli di possibile rischio per gli stessi frequentatori, collegati alla elevata dinamicità geomorfologica caratteristica di alcuni territori. Con queste premesse scientifiche e sulla base delle sempre più frequenti esigenze sociali è stato calibrato questo progetto di ricerca che ha inteso sviluppare conoscenze specifiche e proporre metodi ed esempi che rispondano a queste nuove sollecitazioni. Si vuol evidenziare che questo progetto è stato elaborato e proposto attraverso l’aggregazione di unità operative che precedentemente afferivano a due diversi progetti COFIN e la collaborazione di Enti Pubblici (Amministrazioni locali, Comunità montane, Parchi ecc.). In particolare il programma di ricerca si è articolato in tre fasi. La prima fase della ricerca ha avuto più obiettivi: a) proporre una metodologia standardizzata di valutazione dei Beni geomorfologici; b) predisporre e sperimentare tecniche e metodologie per la loro raffigurazione cartografica; c) acquisire gli elementi occorrenti per la valorizzazione a fini turistici del paesaggio sia dal punto di vista geomorfologico, che integrato fra varie componenti culturali. La seconda fase ha avuto l’obiettivo di inserire nel concetto di “sostenibilità ambientale” la fruizione turistica del patrimonio geomorfologico, soprattutto per quanto riguarda due conseguenze importanti: gli impatti, cioè l’insieme delle modificazioni fisiche, biologiche e sociali che le iniziative turistiche possono produrre sull’ambiente, e i rischi (per esempio per valanghe, frane, alluvioni ecc.), ai quali possono essere soggetti il fruitore e le opere antropiche. Per quanto riguarda l’impatto, lo scopo è quello di evitare che l’insieme degli elementi da cui dipende l’esistenza del bene sia modificato oltre le capacità rigenerative o degradato fino

2009 - Il patrimonio geomorfologico come risorsa per un turismo sostenibile: l'esempio dell'Alta Val Badia [Capitolo/Saggio]
Barbieri, Massimo; Coratza, Paola; Marchetti, Mauro; Panizza, Mario; Piacentini, Daniela
abstract

Nella presente nota vengono presentate alcune attività di valorizzazione del patrimonio geologico che il Gruppo di Geomorfologia dell’Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia ha messo a punto nell'alta Val Badia (Dolomiti) in collaborazione con l'associazione turistica della valle. In particolare sono stati realizzati alcuni itinerari escursionistici nell'Alta Val Badia, adatti a rappresentare un percorso di approfondimento delle tematiche geologico-geomorfologiche per la comprensione del paesaggio circostante. Gli itinerari così selezionati sono già stati pubblicati in carte geo-turistiche tradizionali. Inoltre, poiché si è individuato nelle nuove frontiere e applicazioni della cartografia digitale un valido supporto ai tradizionali strumenti di rappresentazione dei dati geografici, si è poi anche proceduto alla pubblicazione dei dati su WebGIS che, intergrata da spiegazioni, hyperlink, simulazioni di volo e visibilità virtuale da punti panoramici selezionati, è stata considerata un valido e completo strumento per la fruizione gratuita on-line da parte di un pubblico vasto e non specialistico.

2009 - Landslides or moraines? A new geomorphological map of the area of Mt. Cimone (the highest peak of the Northern Apennines, Italy) [Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Castaldini, Doriano; Coratza, Paola; Panizza, Mario
abstract

The extent of the study area is about 20 km2 and its elevation ranges from about 1300 m a.s.l. to 2165 m a.s.l. With its typical pyramid-like shape, Mt. Cimone rises isolated and shifted to the north with respect to the Apennine watershed. From a geological point of view it is ascribable to the overthrust. The landforms and deposits of the study area may be mainly defined according to the following groups of morphogenetic factors and processes: glacial landforms and deposits, cryogenetic and nivation landforms and deposits, structural landforms, slope landforms and deposits due to gravity; landforms and deposits due to running water, anthropogenic landforms; they are shown in a new geomorphological map at the 1:10,000 scale. The presence of glaciers in the Mt. Cimone area, during the last glacial expansion, is witnessed by small cirques and vast moraine deposits modeled in the shape of ridges. Post-glacial slope landforms and deposits due to periglacial processes and gravity are very common. The landslides are of various types and essentially inactive. Worthy of note for their dimensions are some mass movements on the eastern sector of the study area. In the Mt. Cimone area small perennial or temporary lakes of structural, glacial and artificial origin are found. Finally, anthropogenetic landforms mainly linked to winter tourism, which has been particularly accentuated in the past decades, are widespread. The novelty of this work is that many zones mapped as landslide or debris slope deposits in previous papers, have been here considered as moraine deposits. The trenches, concavities and reverse slopes which locally characterize watersheds and slopes and which have been not considered in former papers, have been interpreted for the first time as the surface expression of "Deep-seated Gravitational Slope Deformations". The extent of the glacial features in the area is much wider than it was believed before. Moreover all the landslides are of post-glacial age as they involve or covers the glacial deposits. Therefore the main, or at least one of the most important, triggering factor of the Mt. Cimone mass movements, could be the glacial debuttressing.

2009 - Methods for mapping geomorphosites [Capitolo/Saggio]
Coratza, Paola; G., Regolini Bissig
abstract

Compared with research carried out in the fields of geomorphosite assessment, classification and promotion, geomorphosite mapping has not received the same consideration in the past. Today, scientists from different European countries are engaged in geomorphosite mapping and the awareness that maps are valuable from many standpoints is increasing. Indeed, maps can provide fundamental data for detailed geomorphosite description, serve as visual communication tools helping to guide the selection process to define protection priority or support Earth heritage promotion and interpretation.On the basis of Carton’s classification (Carton et al. 2005) of maps for specialists and maps for non-specialists, this chapter reviews both the main mapping achievements and the objectives yet to be accomplished. Several examples of scientific and geotourism maps are then presented and analysed to provide the reader with an insight of the different map types and mapping options available.Making maps always implies to take a series of decisions, be it about print options or the way information is best shown. The various purposes geomorphosite maps can serve, the diversity of geomorphological and geological contexts in which geomorphosites can occur and the variety of potential map uses makes the proposition of a standardised mapping methodology impossible if not meaningless. Nevertheless, it is possible to portray a methodological approach with common guiding principles. A table presents the major mapping components with a short description of guiding principles which should be considered in the mapping process. The key for good maps, lies in the ability to adapt the product to the map reading skills of the potential users. Especially in the field of geotourism, studies about the effectiveness of maps already produced have yet to be carried out.

2009 - Scientific research on geomorphosites over the last eight years: improvements and aims of the book [Prefazione o Postfazione]
E., Reynard; Coratza, Paola; G., Regolini Bissig
abstract

2009 - Some remarks on the mass movements of the upper sector of the Northern Apennines [Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Castaldini, Doriano; Coratza, Paola; Panizza, Mario
abstract

In this abstract are illustrated some of the results reached through detailed geomorphological studies carried out in the last decade in three areas of the upper sector of the Northern Apennines; these studies led to the implementation of geomorphological maps at the scale 1:10.000. The areas are the Abetone zone, the Upper Tagliole Valley and Mt. Cimone zone and are located on the north exposed slope of the Apennines. The remarks of this work is that many zones mapped as landslide or debris slope deposits in previous geological maps, can be considered as moraine deposits. The twin ridges, trenches and reverse slopes which locally characterize watersheds and slopes and which have been not considered in former papers, can be interpreted as the surface expression of "Deep-seated Gravitational Slope Deformations". The extent of the glacial features is much wider than it was believed before the implementation of geomorphological maps. Moreover all the landslides are of post-glacial age as they involve or covers glacial landforms and deposits.

2009 - Studio multidisciplinare finalizzato alla riqualificazione ambientale della valle del Rio della Rocca (Comune di Castellarano, Provincia di Reggio Emilia) [Articolo su rivista]
Soldati, Mauro; Bruschi, M. V.; Buldrini, Fabrizio; Campana, G.; Coratza, Paola; Dallai, Daniele; Devoto, Stefano; Lodesani, U.; Piacentini, Daniela; Rabacchi, R.; Santini, C.; Tosatti, Giovanni; Vescogni, Alessandro
abstract

La valle del Rio della Rocca nel Comune di Castellarano (Reggio Emilia) è stata interessata a partire dagli anni ‘50 del secolo scorso da attività estrattive che in parte ne hanno profondamente modificato le caratteristiche ambientali, in particolare quelle geomorfologiche. In considerazione dell’interesse paesaggistico della valle e ai fini di una riqualificazione ambientale del territorio, è stato realizzato uno studio multidisciplinare volto a delineare i principali aspetti geologici, paleontologici, floristici e faunistici. Specifica attenzione è stata posta alla valutazione dell’instabilità dei versanti e alla individuazione dei geositi presenti nell’area. Sulla scorta dei risultati delle ricerche effettuate sono state elaborate proposte di riqualificazione del territorio che prevedono una valorizzazione della valle a fini geoturistici e ricreativi.

2009 - The Tourist-Environmental map of Mt. Cimone (Northern Apennines, Italy) [Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Castaldini, Doriano; Coratza, Paola; Dallai, Daniele; DEL PRETE, Carlo; Dobre, R.; Panizza, Mario; Piacentini, Daniela; Sala, Luigi; Zucchi, E.; Bartoli, L.
abstract

This abstract describes the contribution of geomorphologic documents and the criteria and methodology used for the implementation of Geo-tourist maps and Tourist-Environmental Map in Mt. Cimone area (Modena Province, Northern Apennines)

2009 - The contribution of the geomorphologic mapping to the geotourism in mountain areas of Northern Italy [Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Castaldini, Doriano; Coratza, Paola; Marchetti, Mauro; Panizza, Mario
abstract

It is described the contribution of geomorphologic documents and criteria and methodology used for the implementation of Geotourist maps, at different scales, in four areas; one of them is located in the Alps and three in the Modena Apennines (Northern Italy). As concern the alpine sector, the study area is located in a sector of the Dolomites where some geological-geomorphological itineraries have been planned. As concern the Modena Apennines, one sector is the hilly area of the Natural Reserve of Salse di Nirano. Two mountain sectors, elevations consist of the upper Tagliole Valley and Mt. Cimone area, located within the Frignano Park. This abstract illustrates the cartographic documents designed suitably. This leaflet combines the most evident geological-geomorphological aspects with fundamental tourism information and emphasise only the landscape elements that the tourist can directly recognise and observe on his own. The goal was to produce maps that could be easily interpreted by tourists to help them understand the landscape.

2009 - The new geomorphological map of the area of Mt. Cimone (Northern Apennines, Italy) [Abstract in Atti di Convegno]
Castaldini, Doriano; Coratza, Paola; Panizza, Mario
abstract

This abstract describes a new geomorphological map implemented in the area of Mt. Cimone which is located in the high Apennines of Modena Province, Italy. The Mt. Cimone, which attains the altitude of 2165 m a.s.l. (the highest peak of the Northern Apennines), is one of the most important winter and summer tourism resorts of the entire Apennines. The landforms and deposits of the study area may be mainly defined according to the following groups of morphogenetic factors and processes: glacial landforms and deposits, cryogenetic and nivation landforms and deposits, structural landforms, slope landforms and deposits due to gravity; landforms and deposits due to running water, anthropogenic landforms; they are shown in a new geomorphological map at the 1:10,000 scale.

2009 - The role of geomorphology in land management. Modena - Alta Val Badia 13-18 September 2009. Field-trip guide [Monografia/Trattato scientifico]
V. M., Bruschi; Coratza, Paola; Corsini, Alessandro; Marchetti, Mauro; Panizza, Mario; Piacentini, Daniela; Soldati, Mauro
abstract

Si tratta della guida all'escursione in Alta Val Badia tenutasi in occasione del III Convegno Nazionale AIGeo (Modena e Alta Val Badia, 13-18 settembre 2010).

2008 - Carta Turistico Ambientale del Monte Cimone, Parco del Frignano [Cartografia]
Castaldini, Doriano; Coratza, Paola; Bartoli, L; Dallai, Daniele; DEL PRETE, Carlo; Dobre, R; Panizza, Mario; Piacentini, Daniela; Sala, Luigi; Zucchi, E.
abstract

Geomorphological map (at the 1:10,000 scale) and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) have been produced. Geotourist map was derived, with appropriate simplifications and integrations, from the geomorphological maps; the geotourist map combines the most evident geomorphological features with fundamental tourist information. The Geotourist map and the DTM are the cartographic documents characterizing Tourist- Environmental map; this is a thematic pocket foldable map printed on both sides with illustration notes both in English and Italian. In addition, the Tourist- Environmental map contains a synoptic description of the geological, geomorphological, botanical and zoological aspects, accompanied by photographs and information on excursion trails, visitor centres, refreshment points and overnight-stay places and, finally, cultural and tourism attractions.Parco del Frignano, Eliofototecnica Barbieri, Parma

2008 - Episodic displacement on a sackung scarp in Benasque Valley (Central Spanish Pyrenees). Palaeoseismic record? [Articolo su rivista]
Gutiérrez, F.; Ortuno, M.; Lucha, P.; Guerrero, J.; Acosta, E.; Coratza, Paola; Piacentini, Daniela; Soldati, Mauro; Beguerìa, S.
abstract

A sackung scarp has been investigated by trenching in the El Ubago glacial valley (centralSpanish Pyrenees). The scarp is located 18 km to the SW of the North Maladeta Fault, which was thesource of the Mw 5.3 Vielha earthquake of 1923. Three displacement events have been inferred based oncolluvial wedge stratigraphy and fault truncation. Event X at ca. 16.9 ka created the sackung. Events Yand Z have been constrained at 15-8.3 and 8.3-5.3 ka. The timing of event Y partially overlaps with thatof a faulting event recognised in a previously investigated sackung at about 2 km. A minimum verticalslip rate of 0.18 mm/yr has been calculated for the sackung. The spatial association of the sackungfeatures in this sector of the Pyrenees with the North Maladeta Fault and the millennial recurrence of theinferred displacement events (5.6 kyr) suggests that the kinematics of the studied sackung has beencontrolled by seismic activity. Demonstrating in future investigations that the sackung features in the areaconstitute archives of large paleoearthquake would be of great interest for seismic hazard assessments.They might help to improve the catalogue of paleoearthquakes and might provide information onearthquake recurrence intervals and the age of the MRE (most recent event).

2008 - Integration of geomorphology and cultural heritage: a key issue for present and future times [Articolo su rivista]
Soldati, Mauro; Buhagiar, S.; Coratza, Paola; Magri, O.; Pasuto, A.; Schembri, J. A.
abstract

Si tratta dell'introduzione al volume di atti del Workshop tenutosi a Malta con riferimento all'integrazione di tematiche geomorfologiche nello studio dei beni culturali.

2008 - Late Quaternary episodic displacement on a sackung scarp in the Central Spanish Pyrenees. Secondary paleoseismic evidence? [Articolo su rivista]
Gutiérrez, F.; Ortuño, M.; Lucha, P.; Guerrero, J.; Acosta, E.; Coratza, Paola; Piacentini, Daniela; Soldati, Mauro
abstract

A sackung scarp has been investigated by trenching in the central Spanish Pyrenees. This feature is located 18 km to the SW of the North Maladeta Fault, which is the most probable source of the Mw 5.3 Vielha earthquake of 1923. Three displacement events have been inferred for the trenched sackung based on colluvial wedge stratigraphy and fault truncation. The increasing amount of deformation in each successive faulting event may be related to the progressive weakening of the slope through time. A minimum vertical slip rate of 0.19 mm/yr has been calculated for the sackung scarp. Several arguments suggest that the episodic displacement of the analysed sackung is controlled by strong seismic shaking: (a) Spatial association of the sackung features with the North Maladeta Fault; (b) Episodic displacement with a millennial recurrence (5.6 kyr) consistent with the expectable earthquake recurrence interval for a low slip rate fault, like the neighbouring North Maladeta Fault. Demonstrating in future investigations that the sackung features in the area constitute archives of large paleoearthquakes would be of great interest for seismic hazard assessments. They might help to improve the catalogue of paleoearthquakes and might provide information on earthquake recurrence intervals and the age of the most recent event (MRE).

2008 - Management of geomorphosites in high tourist vocation area: an example of Geo-Hiking maps in the Alpe di Fanes (Natural Park of Fanes-Senes-Braies, Italian Dolomites). [Articolo su rivista]
Coratza, Paola; Ghinoi, Alessandro; Piacentini, Daniela; J., Valdati
abstract

Hiking tourism, which combines sport activities and appreciation of Nature, is today one of the main economic activities and among the markets that will experience a great increase in the near future. This paper illustrates a methodology to develop a thematic map, the “geo-hiking map”, which emphasises only the landscape elements that the tourist can recognise and observe, as well as the possible hazards. The geo-hiking map derives from the combination between the geo-tourist map and the geomorphological-hazard map: the first one is a map of geomorphosites enriched with useful indication for tourists (signed paths, refugees, camps etc.); the second one shows hazard levels of different landslide types, snow avalanches and floods. A prototype case study has been chosen within the Natural Park of Fanes-Senes-Braies (Dolomites, Italy). The area has a strong hiking-tourism vocation thanks to its spectacular high-mountain landscape and a dense network of hiking tracks. This innovative study could represent an important instrument for a responsible and safe fruition of high-mountain tourist areas: it combines a cultural dimension of the geomorphological landscape with a conscious respect of its natural behaviour.

2008 - Proceedings of the Italo-Maltese Workshop on Integration of the geomorphological environment and cultural heritage for tourism promotion and hazard prevention - Malta, 24-27 April 2007 [Curatela]
Soldati, Mauro; S., Buhagiar; Coratza, Paola; A., Pasuto; J. A., Schembri
abstract

This volume collects the papers given at the Italo-Maltese Workshop on the “Integration of the geomorphological environment and cultural heritage for tourism promotion and hazard prevention” held in Malta between 24 and 27 April 2007. The Workshop emphasized the strong relationship which exists between the environment and the cultural heritage in several regions of the world, including Malta. The event was promoted and organised by Italian and Maltese institutions: the University of Malta (Mediterranean Institute, Geography Division), the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Department of Earth Sciences), the National Research Council of Italy (Institute for Geological and Hydrogeological Hazard Prevention) and the Istituto Italiano di Cultura in Malta. The aim of the Workshop was to raise awareness in Malta on the integration of environment and cultural heritage, which is already a key issue in environmental planning and management in various countries of the world, but not yet in this Mediterranean archipelago which is characterised by a highly scenic landscape and a very rich cultural heritage. Actually, although awareness on the environment in Malta has increased over the past years, still more efforts could be done in terms of research and applications. A good example is the man-environment relationship which dates back since the Maltese Islands were first colonised, 7000 years ago. The diverse peoples and cultures with which the Maltese Islands came in contact, also left an impact on the natural landscape. Thus the archipelago can be considered as an open-air laboratory to undertake multidisciplinary studies integrating geology, geomorphology and engineering, as well as archaeology and history, and to develop and test methodologies for the assessment of the relationships between the physical environment and cultural heritage. Due to the morphological characteristics and location of the Islands, these aspects should be especially explored and promoted within the sphere of tourism, where a different niche can be created, thus upgrading and diversifying the tourism sector. The relevance of the Workshop themes was witnessed by the auspices given to the initiative by the International Association of Geomorphologists, the Italian Embassy in Malta, Heritage Malta, Malta Tourism Authority, the Italian Association “Geografia Fisica e Geomorfologia” and the Italian Association “Geologia e Turismo”.

2007 - Geomorphosites and geodiversity: a new domain of research [Articolo su rivista]
Reynard, E.; Coratza, Paola
abstract

An overwies of the progress that has been made during the last years at the international level in the domain of geomorphological heritage and geodiversity research is presented.

2007 - Italo-Maltese Workshop on Integration of the geomorphological environment and cultural heritage for tourism promotion and hazard prevention. Malta, 24-27 April 2007 - Abstract Volume and field-trip guide [Curatela]
Buhagiar, S.; Coratza, Paola; Magri, O.; Pasuto, A.; Schembri, J.; Soldati, Mauro
abstract

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2006 - Carta geomorfologica dell'area circostante il Gruppo del Sasso Lungo (Dolomiti, Italia) [Cartografia]
Coratza, Paola
abstract

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2005 - Geomorfologia ed instabilità dei versanti del Gruppo del Sassolungo (Dolomiti occidentali) [Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Coratza, Paola; Marchetti, Mauro; Soldati, Mauro
abstract

La presente nota illustra i risultati delle ricerche geomorfologiche di dettaglio condotte nel Sassolungo (Dolomiti occidentali), uno dei gruppi dolomitici più conosciuti e spettacolari, meta frequentata di turismo sia estivo che invernale. Lo studio, che ha previsto in una fase preliminare un esame approfondito della letteratura geologica relativa a questa zona e successivamente l’interpretazione comparata di fotografie aeree multitemporali e rilevamenti geomorfologici, ha portato alla stesura di una cartografia di dettaglio ed alla descrizione delle caratteristiche geomorofologiche dell’area.

2005 - Geomorphological Sites and Geodiversity [Curatela]
Piacente, Sandra; Coratza, Paola
abstract

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2005 - Guidelines for geomorphological sites mapping: examples from Italy. [Articolo su rivista]
Carton, A.; Coratza, Paola; Marchetti, Mauro
abstract

This paper deals with mapping geomorphosites on the basis of studies carried out in Italy in order to develop geomorphological maps useful for the identification, selection and assessment of geomorphosites, and to create archive maps which can give the public access to information on these subjects. Emphasis is placed on two fundamental points for the implementation of Geomorphosite maps, i.e. map scale and archive techniques. In particular, the latter are presented through some examples in Italy (Sommo fluvial terrace in the Po Plain, glacial landforms in Adamello Natural Park in the Alps of Lombardy) using both traditional maps and digital georeferenced archives. The use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is acquiring ever-increasing importance, as it allows useful elaborations, continuous updating of data and easy interaction with the final user. The guidelines for geomorphosite mapping described in this paper have been experimented and assessed in geologically and morphologically different areas. This has produced an important means of communication involving not only specialists but also a large number of users among the general public who are interested in geoconservation. Therefore, the main goal in mapping geomorphosites is to provide the user with immediate perception of an object, regarding its distribution within a territory, and representation of landforms.

2005 - L'associazione nazionale "Geologia & Turismo". Per una nuova prospettiva di sviluppo culturale e sociale del turismo in Italia [Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Piacente, Sandra; Coratza, Paola
abstract

E' stata recentemente formalizzata a Bologna, su iniziativa di alcuni membri aderenti alla FIST (Federazione italiana di Scienze della Terra), la costituzione dell'Associazione nazionale "Geologia & Turismo", presidente Giorgio Zanzucchi, vicepresidente Sandra Piacente. Gli intenti dell'Associazione possono essere così sintetizzati.- Promuovere la ricerca e la realizzazione di strategie legate al settore del turismo, sia teoriche che sul campo, tese alla valorizzazione del patrimonio geologico così rilevante e peculiare in tutto il territorio nazionale.- Stabilire ed evidenziare tutte le possibili relazioni che il paesaggio geologico intrattiene nel sistema territoriale e quindi nel contesto economico, sociale e culturale anche in termini di significati e di valori. - Introdurre la componente geologica come elemento promotore di sviluppo turistico a forte valenza connotativa anche in luoghi fin'ora trascurati o appena sfiorati dai circuiti tradizionali: in Italia ogni regione, ogni paese può offrire più esempi emblematici.

2005 - La conoscenza del territorio per una sua corretta gestione e valorizzazione. Un esempio di itinerario geologico in area dolomitica [Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Coratza, Paola; Marchetti, Mauro
abstract

La conoscenza dell’ambiente che ci circonda rappresenta uno strumento indispensabile per proporne una sua corretta gestione e valorizzazione: solo passando attraverso la conoscenza puntuale ed approfondita del ambiente è, infatti, possibile individuare e concepire nuove strategie gestionali e pianificatorie che vedano anche il diretto coinvolgimento delle comunità locali. Sulla base di questa premessa, nell'ambito del Progetto di ricerca di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale (PRIN-COFIN 2001) dal titolo “Geositi nel paesaggio italiano: ricerca, valutazione e valorizzazione”, si sta giungendo alla messa a punto di una specifica metodologia per la rappresentazione cartografica dei "Geomorfositi". Tale metodologia, è stata testata in paesaggi alquanto differenti del territorio nazionale e rappresenta un primo tentativo di proposta comune, da adottare nella rappresentazione di forme e processi di modellamento del paesaggio fisico in grado di assumere rilevanza come patrimonio collettivo per le molteplici valenze che ad esse possono essere riconosciute. In particolare, le valenze che si ritengono più significative sono quelle di ordine scientifico, didattico, storico-testimoniale, ecologico, paesaggistico, scenico e socio-economico. La rappresentazione cartografica, quale strumento principe per la trasmissione delle valenze paesaggistiche, deve essere considerata un potente strumento comunicativo per sensibilizzare il grande pubblico al tema della geoconservazione. Tale processo di trasmissione del sapere è principalmente efficace perché facilmente trasmettibile, difficilmente frainteso ed internazionale. In quest'ottica e con questi scopi è in fase di realizzazione una carta geoturistica in un settore dell'Alta Badia. In essa sono stati selezionati alcuni percorsi escursionistici adatti a rappresentare un percorso di approfondimento delle tematiche geologico-geomorfologiche per la comprensione del paesaggio circostante. In particolare, l’area selezionata è caratterizzata da una marcata energia di rilievo dovuta principalmente alla presenza di litologie e strutture geologiche contrastanti come le dolomie e i litotipi argillosi sottostanti. La morfologia dell’area selezionata risulta inoltre indicata ai fini di tale operazione perché sottoposta nel Pleistocene superiore ad intensi processi di modellamento in cui di volta in volta diversi agenti del modellamento sono risultati preponderanti: dai ghiacciai all’uomo, in altrettanto vari sistemi morfoclimatici.

2005 - Methodological proposal for the assessment of the scientific quality of geomorphosites [Articolo su rivista]
Coratza, Paola; Giusti, C.
abstract

The method proposed has been elaborated for assessing the Scientific Quality of Geomorphosites. This method is quantitative, but a series of qualitative guide lines has been elaborated, in order to give a support for the attribution of values. Scientific quality is calculated considering a series of parameters: expert’s knowledge (educational value and research value); areal extent; rarity; degree of conservation; exposure and an added value (related to the importance that the asset has for non-geomorphological aspects that nevertheless can increase its scientific value). Afterwards, each parameter had to be weighted. This methodology could become a useful tool for optimizing decisional processes within the framework of Territorial Planning, Environmental Impact Assessment and Protection of the Natural Heritage.

2005 - VAlutazione e quantificazione dei geomorfositi [Capitolo/Saggio]
Coratza, Paola
abstract

Viene illustrata una metodologia per la valutazione quantitativa della qualità scientifica dei geomorfositi, impiegata sperimentalmente in un'area della pianura modenese (Emilia-Romagna), scelta a titolo esemplificativo.

2004 - Geology in an Integrated Cultural Landscape: examples of promoting sustainable and economic development in Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy). [Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Bertacchini, Milena; Coratza, Paola; Panizza, Mario; Piacente, Sandra
abstract

Research previously carried out for the Landscape, Park and Natural Heritage Service of the Emilia-Romagna Region, gave us the idea of selecting those aspects of the geological landscape which, more than others, should be appreciated both for their intrinsic and contextual meaning and also for the “symbolic” value which they have gained through time.Thus, a project concerning two particular itineraries was developed. The first itinerary is more strictly scientific and is linked to the features of the physical environment and the anthropogenetic aspects characterising ophiolitic ridges. The second itinerary can be defined as being geological-literary, since it was developed by considering how the morphological features of the landscape in Emilia-Romagna have inspired poetry and culture.

2004 - Geosites in the Apennines between Modena and Reggio Emilia [Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Coratza, Paola; Tosatti, Giovanni; Pellegrini, Maurizio; Piacente, Sandra; Vernia, L.
abstract

The excursion proposed is part of the Italian Research Project "Geosites in the Italian landscape: research, assessment and appraisal". This project intends to offer a methodological pathway for better understanding and appraising our geological heritage, considered as a cultural asset. The geosites visited during this excursion have been included within cultural-tourism itineraries.

2004 - Itinerari Geologici – Geomorfologici. N. 1 Passo Gardena-Crespeina-Colfosco [Cartografia]
Coratza, Paola; Marchetti, Mauro; Panizza, Mario
abstract

L’itinerario geologico n. 1, lungo in totale circa 7 km, è ubicato nel settore sud-orientale del Parco Naturale Puez-Odle e non presenta alcuna difficoltà escursionistica. Partendo da Passo Gardena (2.121 m) e imboccando il sentiero n. 2 (Alta Via delle Dolomiti), si sale, lungo i ripidi tornanti rocciosi fino al Passo Cir (2.469 m), per scendere poi leggermente, lungo i ghiaioni verso la Val de Chedùl, e risalire alla Forcella di Crespeina (2.528 m). Di qui si attraversa l’altopiano di Crespeina, proseguendo per il lago omonimo e quindi per la Forcella del Ciampei (2.366 m), per ridiscendere seguendo il sentiero n. 4, fino all’abitato di Colfosco (1.700 m).Da un punto di vista geologico, l'itinerario attraversa le formazioni terrigene ladinico-carniche di La Valle e di S. Cassiano, in gran parte formate da arenarie, marne e argille, e le formazioni dolomitiche carniche e noriche (Dolomia Cassiana e Dolomia Principale); queste sono divise dalla formazione di Raibl, di spessore limitato e costituita da calcari marnosi e argille, dal caratteristico colore rossastro. Da un punto di vista geomorfologico lungo l’itinerario si possono osservare delle tipiche forme legate sia all’azione di modellamento glaciale, che i ghiacciai hanno svolto durante l’ultimo massimo glaciale, sia all’azione periglaciale del gelo e della neve. Il sentiero si snoda nei pressi di antiche morene, attraversa circhi glaciali, nivomorene, frane per crollo e coni detritici e fiancheggia laghetti di diverse dimensioni. Da alcuni punti panoramici è inoltre possibile ammirare i gruppi dolomitici circostanti, soprattutto i gruppi del Sella e del Puez-Odle, apprezzandone i caratteristici e peculiari profili, legati all’azione di erosione selettiva su litologie varie e differenti. Cartografia edita da Fotoriva, Alleghe

2004 - Itinerari Geologici – Geomorfologici. N. 2 Corvara-Vallon-Corvara [Cartografia]
Coratza, Paola; Marchetti, Mauro; Panizza, Mario
abstract

L'itinerario geologico n°2, lungo 4 km, con un dislivello di circa 350 metri, non presenta grandi difficoltà escursionistiche, pur richiedendo buon allenamento. Partendo da Corvara si sale con l’ovovia del Boè a 2198 metri fino al Rifugio Lago Boè. Di qui ci si incammina lungo la scarpata orientale del Gruppo del Sella, seguendo la pista da sci e il sentiero 638 fino a giungere al rifugio Kostner al Vallon (2550 m). Dal rifugio si scende percorrendo il sentiero 637 in direzione Passo di Campolongo per deviare, poco sopra il Bech de Roces, e raggiungere nuovamente la stazione d'arrivo dell'ovovia.Da un punto di vista geologico, l’itinerario attraversa prevalentemente le formazioni terrigene ladinico-carniche di La Valle e di S. Cassiano, in gran parte costituite da arenarie, marne e argille, e le formazioni dolomitiche carniche e noriche (Dolomia Cassiana e Dolomia Principale); queste sono divise dalla Formazione di Raibl, poco spessa e costituita da calcari marnosi e argille dal caratteristico colore rossastro a luoghi tendente al verde. Da un punto di vista geomorfologico il sentiero si sviluppa nel settore orientale del Gruppo del Sella, la cui configurazione morfologica è strettamente legata alle caratteristiche geologiche dell’area, che risulta attraversata da varie dislocazioni tettoniche; su queste si sono impostate, alternandosi e sovrapponendosi nel tempo, le azioni di modellamento dei ghiacciai, degli agenti atmosferici e della forza di gravità. Fra gli elementi più frequenti di questo paesaggio sono i coni e le falde di detrito, legati all’intensa azione del gelo e del disgelo sulle ripide pareti dolomitiche. Altre forme caratterizzanti di questo itinerario sono le tracce di erosione e di accumulo morenico, che i ghiacciai hanno lasciato durante l’ultimo massimo glaciale, ed una serie di forme carsiche epigee più o meno evidenti. Inoltre da alcuni punti panoramici sarà possibile osservare la spettacolare morfologia di altri gruppi dolomitici.

2004 - Itinerari Geologici – Geomorfologici. N.3 La Villa-Gardenaccia-Val de Juel-La Villa [Cartografia]
Coratza, Paola; Marchetti, Mauro; Panizza, Mario
abstract

L'itinerario geologico n. 3, lungo circa 8 km, con un dislivello complessivo di 900 metri circa, è ubicato nel settore orientale del Parco Naturale Puez-Odle e non presenta particolari difficoltà escursionistiche, pur richiedendo un buon allenamento. Punto di partenza di questa escursione è l’abitato di La Villa dal quale, avvalendosi della seggiovia, si sale fino a quota 1700 m nei pressi del rifugio Sponata. Da qui imboccando il sentiero n. 5, si risale il settore sudorientale dell’altopiano della Gardenaccia; si tratta di un sentiero che si sviluppa in salita in maniera ripida attraverso i fitti boschi situati ai piedi del massiccio della Gardenaccia. Giunti nei pressi del rifugio Gardenaccia (2050 m) si continua la salita imboccando il sentiero n. 11 e proseguendo poi per il n. 15 in direzione Forcella de Gardenaccia. Di qui si percorre l’ultimo tratto in salita imboccando il sentiero n. 5 proveniente dal Gruppo del Puez, per poi discendere lungo il fianco del Para Dai Giai, ammirando sulla destra la quieta Val de Juel, fino al rifugio Gardenaccia e di qui, sempre lungo il sentiero n. 5, arrivare di nuovo al rifugio Sponata; si potrà riscendere fino a La Villa con la seggiovia. Da un punto di vista geologico, l’itinerario attraversa principalmente le formazioni dolomitiche carniche e noriche (Dolomia Cassiana e Dolomia Principale), divise dalla Formazione di Raibl, di spessore limitato e costituita da calcari marnosi e argille, dal caratteristico colore rossastro. Lungo l’itinerario è inoltre possibile osservare le rocce più giovani della regione dolomitica, il famoso Rosso Ammonitico, tanto abbandonate nel veronese e nel vicentino, ma assai raro in queste zone, e le Marne del Puez, rocce cretacee tenere e sfatticce di color grigio-verdastro, depositatesi 120-130 milioni di anni fa in ambiente marino profondo. Da un punto di vista geomorfologico il sentiero si sviluppa nel settore orientale del Gruppo della Gardenaccia, la cui configurazione è strettamente legata alle caratteristiche geologiche dell'area, che risulta attraversata da varie dislocazioni tettoniche; su queste si sono impostate, alternandosi e sovrapponendosi nel tempo, le azioni di modellamento dei ghiacciai, degli agenti atmosferici e della forza di gravità. Fra gli elementi più frequenti di questo paesaggio sono i coni e le falde di detrito, legati all'intensa azione del gelo e del disgelo sulle ripide pareti dolomitiche. Altre forme caratterizzanti di questo itinerario sono le tracce di erosione e di accumulo morenico, che i ghiacciai hanno lasciato durante l’ultimo massimo glaciale, ed una serie di forme carsiche epigee più o meno evidenti. Inoltre da alcuni punti panoramici sarà possibile osservare la spettacolare morfologia di altri gruppi dolomitici.

2003 - Geomorphological tourism amidst nature and culture: examples from Emilia-Romagna (Italy). [Relazione in Atti di Convegno]
Piacente, Sandra; Bertacchini, Milena; Coratza, Paola
abstract

A project has been activated with the collaboration of the Department of Earth Sciences of Modena and Reggio Emilia University and the Emilia-Romagna Region – Landscape, Parks and Natural Heritage Service. The aim of this project is to census and rate the most important sites of geological interest and develop cultural-tourist itineraries and educational routes.

2003 - Nota preliminare sulla Cartografia dei Geomorfositi [Capitolo/Saggio]
Carton, Alberto; Coratza, Paola; Marchetti, Mauro
abstract

Nell'ambito del Progetto cofinanziato (PRIN-COFIN 2001) dal titolo “Geositi nel paesaggio italiano: ricerca, valutazione e valorizzazione” – Coordinatore Nazionale Prof. Sandra Piacente – si sta giungendo alla messa a punto di una metodologia comune, confrontata e sperimentata in aree geologicamente e morfologicamente molto diverse, per la cartografia dei geomorfositi. La rappresentazione cartografica dei geomorfositi, considerata come una risorsa irrinunciabile di comunicazione al fine di sensibilizzare il grande pubblico al tema della geoconservazione, ha come scopo quello di fornire al “lettore” un'immediata percezione dell’oggetto, sia relativamente alla distribuzione sul territorio, sia nella rappresentazione delle forme del paesaggio e della loro genesi che, a fronte di determinati criteri di scelta, costituiscono un geomorfosito.

2003 - Per un modello di Terra al femminile [Capitolo/Saggio]
Bertacchini, Milena; Coratza, Paola; Piacente, Sandra
abstract

In Italia il patrimonio ambientale, e in particolare quello di tipo geologico, forse a causa di radici culturali eminentemente umanistiche, non ha ancora assunto il valore di Bene culturale condiviso: prima di proporne la conservazione e la valorizzazione è necessario partire dal suo riconoscimento anche attraverso strategie di sensibilizzazione, non solo e non tanto del mondo scientifico, quanto della società in generale.

2003 - Proposta di applicazioni didattiche all'itinerario nel paesaggio ofiolitico. L'aula sotto il cielo. [Capitolo/Saggio]
Bertacchini, Milena; Coratza, Paola; Piacente, Sandra
abstract

La complessità del territorio nazionale ed il ricco patrimonio ambientale che lo caratterizza fanno dell'Italia uno dei paesi in cui la dimensione areale è inversamente proporzionale alla ricchezza e alla frequenza di luoghi e oggetti di rilevanza documentale globale. Ciò vale soprattutto per il patrimonio ambientale, verso il quale si sta registrando un interesse sempre più crescente, sia in ambiti scientifici, che attraverso iniziative legislative di censimento, protezione e valorizzazione (Bertacchini et alii, 1999).In quest'ottica si inserisce un progetto in collaborazione tra il Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell'Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia e la Regione Emilia Romagna - Servizio Paesaggio, Parchi e Patrimonio naturale - responsabile Sandra Piacente, volto, oltre che al censimento e la valutazione dei più importanti siti di interesse geologico, alla realizzazione di itinerari turistico-culturali.I risultati ottenuti diventano così anche occasione di protezione e di valorizzazione di questo particolare patrimonio ambientale, trasformato da "oggetto geologico" in "bene culturale", fruibile e godibile da tutti.

2003 - Proposta metodologica per la valutazione dell'Impatto sulla Qualità scientifica dei Geomorfositi [Capitolo/Saggio]
Coratza, Paola; Giusti, Cecilia
abstract

The proposed methodology has been elaborated for the evaluation of the Impact of antrophic constructions or activities on Scientific quality of Geomorphosites. It is quantitative, but a series of qualitative guide lines have been elaborated, in order to give a support for the attribution of the values. The Scientific quality is calculated considering a series of parameters, some strictly linked with the scientific connotation of the Geomorphosites, other indirectly linked. These parameters are: expert’s knowledge (related to the educational value of the asset and its own value for the research); areal extent (in relation to overall extent of similar sites); rarity (in relation to quantity of similar sites); degree of conservation (depending both of natural and human factors); exposure (related to the visual impact) and an added value (related to the importance that the asset has for non-geomorphological aspects that nevertheless can increase its scientific value; e.g. tourism, ecology). Than each parameter had to be weighted. The Impact of a human project on Geomorphosites can be physical and/or visual and had to be calculated on the basis of the difference of the Scientific quality in a pre-project and in a post-project situation. This methodology could be an useful tool in order to optimise the decisional process in the frame of the Territorial Planning, the Environmental Impact Assessment and the Protection of the Natural Heritage.

2002 - Paesaggi Culturali - Geologia e Letteratura nel Novecento in Emilia Romagna. [Monografia/Trattato scientifico]
Bertacchini, Milena; Coratza, Paola; Piacente, Sandra
abstract

Nel volume Paesaggi Culturali - Geologia e Letteratura nel Novecento in Emilia Romagna” si sono voluti selezionare quegli aspetti del paesaggio geologico che meritano, più di altri, di essere conosciuti, non solo per il significato intrinseco e di contesto, ma soprattutto per il carico “simbolico”, che hanno assunto, nel secolo appena trascorso. E' stato così realizzato un percorso geologico-letterario che ha preso le mosse dall'ipotesi che esistesse una specificità poetica e culturale emiliano-romagnaola, legata ai lineamenti più marcatamente morfologici e geologici del territorio.L'itinerario geologico-poetico proposto è stato realizzato come una mini-guida per un viaggiatore che voglia, passeggiando nello spazio e nel tempo, incontrare la natura anche nella sua forma poetica.

2002 - The lakes of the high Emilia-Romagna Apennines (northern Italy): a preliminary review of their geomorphological characteristics. [Articolo su rivista]
Castaldini, Doriano; Coratza, Paola; M., Iotti
abstract

This paper describes preliminarily the main geomorphological characteristics of the lakes of the high Emilia-Romagna Apennines. The term “lake” is attributed to those features of the landscape indicated by this name in bibliographic references, whereas the term “high” refers to the Apennine sector above the altitude of 1000 m a.s.l.The illustrated data are taken from an inventory of the lakes which was prepared through a detailed bibliographic research on single lakes, the compilation of lake data sheets and elaboration of a Map of the Lakes. For each lake the data sheets contain the name, geographic location, dimensions, presence of an influent and effluent, origin, summarised description from literature, state of conservation, bibliography and explanatory notes if present. In the Map of the Lakes the various lakes were numbered and represented according to their origin. In total, 118 lakes were inventoried and analysed on the basis of their main characteristics. From this analysis, it comes out that most lakes (95% circa) are located west of the R. Reno basin. As for altitude, the highest percentage of lakes (20% circa) is located in the altimetric belt ranging from 1300 to 1400 m. Most of the lakes have an area lower than 1 ha. As for their origin (which in 12% of the cases is not indicated in bibliography), the most common genesis (about 65%) is due to glacial processes and, secondarily, landslide processes (about 17%). In particular, glacial lakes are exclusively found west of the R. Reno catchment basin. This is related to the fact that during the last glacial period the glaciers of the northern Apennines were located exclusively west of the R. Reno basin. By considering the state of conservation, it results that 102 lakes (86.5%) are existent (with 75 permanent and 27 temporary) whereas 16 are extinct (13.5%). The data relative to active lakes (location within their catchment basins, distribution according to altitude, area and origin) are consistent with all general data. Nevertheless, the detailed analysis of extinct lakes emphasises that their disappearance affected mainly the basin of the R. Secchia, those ranging between 1000 and 1400 m a.s.l., those with a surface less than 1 hectare and glacial lakes.

1999 - Brevi note sulla geomorfologia dell'area circostante il M. Pana (Val Gardena, Dolomiti). [Articolo su rivista]
Coratza, Paola
abstract

Viene presentato il riassunto di una tesi di laurea in Scienze Geologiche discussa a Modena il giorno 17 dicembre 1999, riguardante la geomorfologia e l'instabilità dei versanti di un settore della Val Gardena (Dolomiti). In particolare, lo studio aereofotointerpretativo e il rilevamento geomorfologico sul terreno hanno permesso la realizzazione di una carta geomorfologica di dettaglio alla scala 1:10.000 e la ricostruzione della dinamica recente dei versanti e dell'evoluzione del paesaggio a partire dal Tardiglaciale.

Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia

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